1|Antya 20: The Siksastaka Prayers
2|Chapter 20:
3|The Siksastaka Prayers
4|The following summary of the Twentieth Chapter is
>|given by Srila Bhaktivinoda Thakura in his Amrta-pravaha-
>|bhasya. Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu passed His nights tasting
>|the meaning of the Siksastaka prayers in the company of
>|Svarupa Damodara Gosvami and Ramananda Raya. Sometimes He
>|recited verses from Jayadeva Gosvami's Gita-govinda, from
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam, from Sri Ramananda Raya's Jagannatha-
>|vallabha-nataka or from Sri Bilvamangala Thakura's Krsna-
>|karnamrta. In this way, He became absorbed in ecstatic
>|emotions. For the twelve years Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu
>|lived at Jagannatha Puri, He relished the taste of reciting
>|such transcendental verses. Altogether the Lord was present
>|in this mortal world for forty-eight years .
>|After hinting about the Lord's disappearance, the author of
>| the Caitanya-caritamrta gives a short description of the
>|entire Antya-lila and then ends his book.
5|Antya 20.1
6|TEXT 1
7|TEXT
8|Λ¶N÷±3/4ñ¿õîÂýÃÃNø¸SNø¸SI±NZáÍðÃdI±¿îS¿÷¿|îÂ÷A h
9|h¿óîÂS ÎáNõþaÂfuI t±áIõ¿3/4ÿdSNø¸õINî N 1 N
10|premodbhavita-harsersyod-
11| vega-dainyarti-misritam
12|lapitam gauracandrasya
13| bhagyavadbhir nisevyate
14|SYNONYMS
15|prema-udbhavita-produced from ecstatic love and emotion;
>|harsa-jubilation; irsya-envy; udvega-agitation; dainya-
>|submissiveness; arti-grief; misritam-mixed with; lapitam-
>|talks like those of a crazy man; gaura-candrasya-of Sri
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu; bhagyavadbhih-by the most fortunate;
>|nisevyate-is enjoyable.
16|TRANSLATION
17|Only the most fortunate will relish the mad words of Sri
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu, which were mixed with jubilation, envy,
>| agitation, submissiveness and grief, all produced by
>|ecstatic loving emotions.
18|Antya 20.2
19|TEXT 2
20|TEXT
21|æÃlþ æÃlþ ÎáNõþaÂf æÃlþ ¿dîÂI±dµ h
22|æÃlþ±ÍZîÂaÂf æÃlþ ÎáNõþtÂMÃõÔµ N 2 N
23|jaya jaya gauracandra jaya nityananda
24|jayadvaita-candra jaya gaura-bhakta-vrnda
25|SYNONYMS
26|jaya jaya-all glories; gauracandra-to Lord Sri Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu; jaya-all glories; nityananda-to Lord Nityananda
>|Prabhu; jaya-all glories; advaita-candra-to Advaita Prabhu;
>|jaya-all glories; gaura-bhakta-vrnda-to the devotees of Sri
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu.
27|TRANSLATION
28|All glories to Lord Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu! All glories to
>|Lord Nityananda! All glories to Advaitacandra! And all
>|glories to all the devotees of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu!
29|Antya 20.3
30|TEXT 3
31|TEXT
32|Ûý×ÃÃ÷î ÷ýÃñ›¶tR ÆõNu dNh±aÂNh h
33|õþæÃdN-¿ðÃõNu LÔÁøž¿õõþNýÃà ¿õý3ÃÃNh N 3 N
34|ei-mata mahaprabhu vaise nilacale
35|rajani-divase krsna-virahe vihvale
36|SYNONYMS
37|ei-mata-in this way; mahaprabhu-Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu;
>|vaise nilacale-resided at Nilacala; rajani-divase-day and
>|night; krsna-virahe-because of separation from Krsna;
>|vihvale-overwhelmed.
38|TRANSLATION
39|While Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu thus resided at Jagannatha
>|Puri [Nilacala], He was continuously overwhelmed, night and
>|day, by separation from Krsna.
40|Antya 20.4
41|TEXT 4
42|TEXT
43|¦¤õþ+ó, õþ±÷±dµ,-Ûý×Ãà ðRÃý×ÃÃæÃd-uNd h
44|õþ±¿S-¿ðÃNd õþu-áNîÂ-αLÁ Õ±¦¤±ðÃNd N 4 N
45|svarupa, ramananda,-ei duijana-sane
46|ratri-dine rasa-gita-sloka asvadane
47|SYNONYMS
48|svarupa-Svarupa Damodara Gosvami; ramananda-Ramananda Raya;
>|ei-these; dui-jana-sane-with two persons; ratri-dine-night
>|and day; rasa-gita-sloka-verses and songs containing the
>|mellows of transcendental bliss; asvadane-in tasting.
49|TRANSLATION
50|Day and night He tasted transcendental blissful songs and
>|verses with two associates, namely Svarupa Damodara Gosvami
>|and Ramananda Raya.
51|Antya 20.5
52|TEXT 5
53|TEXT
54|d±d±-t±õ nÂ×Nê ›¶tRÂõþ ýÃÃø¸S, Îú±LÁ, Îõþ±ø¸ h
55|ÆðÃNdI±NZá-Õ±¿îS nÂ×RLÁF±, uN(tm)L±ø¸ N 5 N
56|nana-bhava uthe prabhura harsa, soka, rosa
57|dainyodvega-arti utkantha, santosa
58|SYNONYMS
59|nana-bhava-all kinds of emotion; uthe-awaken; prabhura-of
>|Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu; harsa-jubilation; soka-lamentation;
>| rosa-anger; dainya-humility; udvega-anxiety; arti-grief;
>|utkantha-more eagerness; santosa-satisfaction.
60|TRANSLATION
61|He relished the symptoms of various transcendental emotions,
>| such as jubilation, lamentation, anger, humility, anxiety,
>|grief, eagerness and satisfaction.
62|Antya 20.6
63|TEXT 6
64|TEXT
65|Îuý×Ãà Îuý×Ãà t±Nõ ¿dæÃ-αLÁ ó¿nÂllþ± h
66|αNLÁõþ ÕnS Õ±¦¤±ðÃNlþ ðRÃý×ÃÃõgRÃÃà hÛž± N 6 N
67|sei sei bhave nija-sloka padiya
68|slokera artha asvadaye dui-bandhu lana
69|SYNONYMS
70|sei sei bhave-in that particular emotion; nija-sloka padiya-
>|reciting His own verses; slokera-of the verses; artha-
>|meaning; asvadaye-tastes; dui-bandhu lana-with two friends.
71|TRANSLATION
72|He would recite His own verses, expressing their meanings
>|and emotions, and thus enjoy tasting them with these two
>|friends.
73|Antya 20.7
74|TEXT 7
75|TEXT
76|ÎLÁ±d ¿ðÃNd ÎLÁ±d t±Nõ αLÁ-óêÂd h
77|Îuý×Ãà αLÁ Õ±¦¤±¿ðÃNî õþ±¿S-æ±áõþí N 7 N
78|kona dine kona bhave sloka-pathana
79|sei sloka asvadite ratri-jagarana
80|SYNONYMS
81|kona dine-sometimes; kona bhave-in some emotion; sloka-
>|pathana-reciting the verses; sei sloka-those verses;
>|asvadite-to taste; ratri-jagarana-keeping awake at night.
82|TRANSLATION
83|Sometimes the Lord would be absorbed in a particular
>|emotion and would stay awake all night reciting related
>|verses and relishing their taste.
84|Antya 20.8
85|TEXT 8
86|TEXT
87|ýÃÃNø¸S ›¶tR LÁNýÃÃd,-"qd ¦¤õþ+ó-õþ±÷õþ±lþ h
88|d±÷u‚NîSÂd-LÁNhN óõþ÷ nÂ×ó±lþ N 8 N
89|harse prabhu kahena,-"suna svarupa-rama-raya
90|nama-sankirtana-kalau parama upaya
91|SYNONYMS
92|harse-in jubilation; prabhu-Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu; kahena-
>|says; suna-please hear; svarupa-rama-raya-My dear Svarupa
>|Damodara Gosvami and Ramananda Raya; nama-sankirtana-
>|chanting of the holy name of the Lord; kalau-in the Age of
>|Kali; parama upaya-the most feasible means for deliverance.
93|TRANSLATION
94|In great jubilation, Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu said, "My dear
>|Svarupa Damodara and Ramananda Raya, know from Me that
>|chanting the holy names is the most feasible means of
>|salvation in this age of Kali.
95|Antya 20.9
96|TEXT 9
97|TEXT
98|u‚NîSÂdlN: LÁNhN LÔÁøž-Õ±õþ±sd h
99|Îuý×Ãà îÂ' uRN÷s± ó±lþ LÔÁNøžõþ aÂõþí N 9 N
100|sankirtana-yajne kalau krsna-aradhana
101|sei ta' sumedha paya krsnera carana
102|SYNONYMS
103|sankirtana-yajne-performing the yajna of chanting the Hare
>|Krsna mantra; kalau-in this Age of Kali; krsna-aradhana-the
>|process of worshiping Krsna; sei ta'-such persons; su-medha-
>|greatly intelligent; paya-get; krsnera carana-shelter at
>|the lotus feet of Krsna.
104|TRANSLATION
105|"In this Age of Kali, the process of worshiping Krsna is to
>|perform sacrifice by chanting the holy name of the Lord.
>|One who does so is certainly very intelligent, and he
>|attains shelter at the lotus feet of Krsna.
106|PURPORT
107|For further information, one may refer to Adi-lila,
>|Chapter Three, texts 77 –78
108|Antya 20.10
109|TEXT 10
110|TEXT
111|LÔÁøžõíSS ¿Qø¸±•ÃÃLÔÁøžS u±N/±ó±/±¦aó±ø¸SðÃ÷A h
112|lÍ:Ð u‚NîSÂd›¶±ÍlþlSæÃ¿(tm)L ¿ýÃà uRN÷suÐ N 10 N
113|krsna-varnam tvisakrsnam
114| sangopangastra-parsadam
115|yajnaih sankirtana-prayair
116| yajanti hi su-medhasah
117|SYNONYMS
118|krsna-varnam-repeating the syllables krs-na; tvisa-with a
>|luster; akrsnam-not black (golden); sa-anga-with associates;
>| upanga-servitors; astra-weapons; parsadam-confidential
>|companions; yajnaih-by sacrifice; sankirtana-prayaih-
>|consisting chiefly of congregational chanting; yajanti-they
>|worship; hi-certainly; su-medhasah-intelligent persons.
119|TRANSLATION
120|"'In the age of Kali, intelligent persons perform
>|congregational chanting to worship the incarnation of
>|Godhead who constantly sings the name of Krsna. Although
>|His complexion is not blackish, He is Krsna Himself. He is
>|accompanied by His associates, servants, weapons and
>|confidential companions.'
121|PURPORT
122|This verse is spoken by Saint Karabhajana in Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam (11.5.32). For further information, see Adi-lila,
>| Chapter Three, text 52.
123|Antya 20.11
124|TEXT 11
125|TEXT
126|d±÷u‚NîSÂd ÆýÃÃNî uõS±dnS-d±ú h
127|uõS-qNt±ðÃlþ, LÔÁøž-Λ¶N÷õþ nÂ×~±u N 11 N
128|nama-sankirtana haite sarvanartha-nasa
129|sarva-subhodaya, krsna-premera ullasa
130|SYNONYMS
131|nama-sankirtana-chanting of the holy names of the Lord;
>|haite-from; sarva-anartha-nasa-destruction of all
>|undesirable things; sarva-subha-udaya-awakening of all good
>|fortune; krsna-premera ullasa-the beginning of the flow of
>|love of Krsna.
132|TRANSLATION
133|"Simply by chanting the holy name of Lord Krsna, one can be
>|freed from all undesirable habits. This is the means of
>|awakening all good fortune and initiating the flow of waves
>|of love for Krsna.
134|Antya 20.12
135|TEXT 12
136|TEXT
137|ÎaÂNî±ðóSí÷±æSÃdS tÂõ÷ýÃñðñõ±¿¢Ÿ¿dõS±óíS
138|Î|lþÐÍLÁõþõa¿fLÁ±¿õîÂõþíS ¿õðÃI±õsÓæÃNõd÷A h
139|Õ±dµ±¥¤R¿sõsSdS ›¶¿îÂóðÃS óÓíS±÷Ô¤±ðdS
140|uõS±R¦§ódS óõþS ¿õæÃlþNî MLÔÁøžu‚NîSÂd÷A N 12 N
141|ceto-darpana-marjanam bhava-maha-davagni-nirvapanam
142| sreyah-kairava-candrika-vitaranam vidya-vadhu-jivanam
143|anandambudhi-vardhanam prati-padam purnamrtasvadanam
144| sarvatma-snapanam param vijayate sri-krsna-sankirtanam
145|SYNONYMS
146|cetah-of the heart; darpana-the mirror; marjanam-cleansing;
>|bhava-of material existence; maha-dava-agni-the blazing
>|forest fire; nirvapanam-extinguishing; sreyah-of good
>|fortune; kairava-the white lotus; candrika-the moonshine;
>|vitaranam-spreading; vidya-of all education; vadhu-wife;
>|jivanam-the life; ananda-of bliss; ambudhi-the ocean;
>|vardhanam-increasing; prati-padam-at every step; purna-
>|amrta-of the full nectar; asvadanam-giving a taste; sarva-
>|for everyone; atma-snapanam-bathing of the self; param-
>|transcendental; vijayate-let there be victory; sri-krsna-
>|sankirtanam-for the congregational chanting of the holy
>|name of Krsna.
147|TRANSLATION
148|"'Let there be all victory for the chanting of the holy
>|name of Lord Krsna, which can cleanse the mirror of the
>|heart and stop the miseries of the blazing fire of material
>|existence. That chanting is the waxing moon that spreads
>|the white lotus of good fortune for all living entities. It
>|is the life and soul of all education. The chanting of the
>|holy name of Krsna expands the blissful ocean of
>|transcendental life. It gives a cooling effect to everyone
>|and enables one to taste full nectar at every step. '
149|PURPORT
150|This is the first verse of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu's
>|Siksastaka. The other seven verses are found in texts 16,
>|21, 29, 32, 36, 39 and 47.
151|Antya 20.13
152|TEXT 13
153|TEXT
154|u‚NîSÂd ÆýÃÃNî ó±ó-uSu±õþ-d±úd h
155|¿aÂMÃÃq¿X, uõSt¿MÃu±sd-nÂ×ðá÷ N 13 N
156|sankirtana haite papa-samsara-nasana
157|citta-suddhi, sarva-bhakti-sadhana-udgama
158|SYNONYMS
159|sankirtana haite-from the process of chanting the holy name;
>| papa-samsara-nasana-annihilation of materialistic life
>|resulting from sins; citta-suddhi-cleansing of the heart;
>|sarva-bhakti-all kinds of devotional service; sadhana-of
>|the performances; udgama-awakening.
160|TRANSLATION
161|"By performing congregational chanting of the Hare Krsna
>|mantra, one can destroy the sinful condition of material
>|existence, purify the unclean heart and awaken all
>|varieties of devotional service.
162|Antya 20.14
163|TEXT 14
164|TEXT
165|LÔÁøžN›¶N÷±ðá÷, Λ¶÷±÷ÔîÂ-Õ±¦¤±ðÃd h
166|LÔÁøžÂ›¶±¿5, Îuõ±÷ÔîÂ-u÷RN^ ÷7ÁÁÁd N 14 N
167|krsna-premodgama, premamrta-asvadana
168|krsna-prapti, sevamrta-samudre majjana
169|SYNONYMS
170|krsna-prema-udgama-awakening of love for Krsna; prema-amrta-
>|asvadana-tasting of the transcendental bliss of love for
>|Krsna; krsna-prapti-attainment of the lotus feet of Krsna;
>|seva-amrta-of the nectar of service; samudre-in the ocean;
>|majjana-immersing.
171|TRANSLATION
172|"The result of chanting is that one awakens his love for
>|Krsna and tastes transcendental bliss. Ultimately, one
>|attains the association of Krsna and engages in His
>|devotional service, as if immersing himself in a great
>|ocean of love."
173|Antya 20.15
174|TEXT 15
175|TEXT
176|nÂ׿êÂh ¿õø¸±ðÃ, ÆðÃdI,-óNnÂl Õ±ód-αLÁ h
177|l±ýÃñõþ ÕnS q¿d' uõ l±lþ ðRÃÐm-Îú±LÁ N 15 N
178|uthila visada, dainya,-pade apana-sloka
179|yahara artha suni' saba yaya duhkha-soka
180|SYNONYMS
181|uthila visada-there was awakening of lamentation; dainya-
>|humility; pade-recites; apana-sloka-His own verse; yahara-
>|of which; artha suni'-hearing the meaning; saba-all; yaya-
>|go away; duhkha-soka-unhappiness and lamentation.
182|TRANSLATION
183|Lamentation and humility awoke within Sri Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu, and He began reciting another of His own verses.
>| By hearing the meaning of that verse, one can forget all
>|unhappiness and lamentation.
184|Antya 20.16
185|TEXT 16
186|TEXT
187|d±¥§±÷LÁ±¿õþ õUs± ¿dæÃuõSú¿MÃ-
188|(tm)¦S±¿óSî± ¿dlþ¿÷îÂÐ ¦œõþNí d LÁ±hÐ h
189|Ûî±ðÔÃúN îÂõ LÔÁó± tÂáõij÷±¿ó
190|ðRÃÍðSÃõ÷NðÔÃú¿÷ýÃñæÃ¿d d±dRõþ±áÐ N 16 N
191|namnam akari bahudha nija-sarva-saktis
192| tatrarpita niyamitah smarane na kalah
193|etadrsi tava krpa bhagavan mamapi
194| durdaivam idrsam ihajani nanuragah
195|SYNONYMS
196|namnam-of the holy names of the Lord; akari-manifested;
>|bahudha-various kinds; nija-sarva-saktih-all kinds of
>|personal potencies; tatra-in that; arpita-bestowed;
>|niyamitah-restricted; smarane-in remembering; na-not; kalah-
>|consideration of time; etadrsi-so much; tava-Your; krpa-
>|mercy; bhagavan-O Lord; mama-My; api-although; durdaivam-
>|misfortune; idrsam-such; iha-in this (the holy name); ajani-
>|was born; na-not; anuragah-attachment.
197|TRANSLATION
198|"'My Lord, O Supreme Personality of Godhead, in Your holy
>|name there is all good fortune for the living entity, and
>|therefore You have many names, such as "Krsna " and "
>|Govinda, " by which You expand Yourself. You have invested
>|all Your potencies in those names, and there are no hard
>|and fast rules for remembering them. My dear Lord, although
>|You bestow such mercy upon the fallen, conditioned souls by
>|liberally teaching Your holy names, I am so unfortunate
>|that I commit offenses while chanting the holy name, and
>|therefore I do not achieve attachment for chanting. '
199|Antya 20.17
200|TEXT 17
201|TEXT
202|ÕNdLÁ-Îh±NLÁõþ õ±>±-ÕNdLÁ-›¶LÁ±õþ h
203|LÔÁó±Nî LÁ¿õþh ÕNdLÁ d±N÷õþ ›¶a±õþ N 17 N
204|aneka-lokera vancha-aneka-prakara
205|krpate karila aneka-namera pracara
206|SYNONYMS
207|aneka-lokera-of many persons; vancha-the desires; aneka-
>|prakara-of many varieties; krpate-by Your mercy; karila-You
>|have done; aneka-various; namera-of the holy names; pracara-
>|broadcasting.
208|TRANSLATION
209|"Because people vary in their desires, You have distributed
>|various holy names by Your mercy.
210|Antya 20.18
211|TEXT 18
212|TEXT
213|m±ý×ÃÃNî qý×ÃÃNî ln± îÂn± d±÷ hlþ h
214|LÁ±h-ÎðÃú-¿dlþ÷ d±¿ýÃÃ, uõS ¿u¿X ýÃÃlþ N 18 N
215|khaite suite yatha tatha nama laya
216|kala-desa-niyama nahi, sarva siddhi haya
217|SYNONYMS
218|khaite-eating; suite-lying down; yatha-as; tatha-so; nama
>|laya-one takes the holy name; kala-in time; desa-in place;
>|niyama-regulation; nahi-there is not; sarva siddhi haya-
>|there is all perfection.
219|TRANSLATION
220|"Regardless of time or place, one who chants the holy name,
>|even while eating or sleeping, attains all perfection.
221|Antya 20.19
222|TEXT 19
223|TEXT
224|Â"uõSú¿Mà d±N÷ ¿ðÃh± LÁ¿õþlþ± ¿õt±á h
225|Õ±÷±õþ ðRÃÍðSÃõ,-d±N÷ d±¿ýÃà ÕdRõþ±á¯¯" 19 N
226|"sarva-sakti name dila kariya vibhaga
227|amara durdaiva,-name nahi anuraga!!"
228|SYNONYMS
229|sarva-sakti-all potencies; name-in the holy name; dila-You
>|have bestowed; kariya vibhaga-making separation; amara
>|durdaiva-My misfortune; name-for chanting the holy names;
>|nahi-there is not; anuraga-attachment.
230|TRANSLATION
231|"You have invested Your full potencies in each individual
>|holy name, but I am so unfortunate that I have no
>|attachment for chanting Your holy names."
232|Antya 20.20
233|TEXT 20
234|TEXT
235|Îlõþ+Nó hý×ÃÃNh d±÷ Λ¶÷ nÂ×óæÃlþ h
236|î±ýÃñõþ hŽÂí qd, ¦¤õþ+ó-õþ±÷õþ±lþ N 20 N
237|ye-rupe la-ile nama prema upajaya
238|tahara laksana suna, svarupa-rama-raya
239|SYNONYMS
240|ye-rupe-by which process; la-ile-if chanting; nama-the holy
>|name; prema upajaya-dormant love of Krsna awakens; tahara
>|laksana suna-just hear the symptom of that; svarupa-rama-
>|raya-O Svarupa Damodara and Ramananda Raya.
241|TRANSLATION
242|Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu continued, "O Svarupa Damodara
>|Gosvami and Ramananda Raya, hear from Me the symptoms of
>|how one should chant the Hare Krsna maha-mantra to awaken
>|very easily one's dormant love for Krsna.
243|Antya 20.21
244|TEXT 21
245|TEXT
246|îÔÂí±ðÿó uRdNNa Âd îÂNõþ±¿õþõ u¿ýÃÃøRžd± h
247|Õ÷±¿dd± ÷±dNðÃd LÁNîSÂdNlþÐ uðñ ýÃÿõþÐ N 21 N
248|trnad api su-nicena
249| taror iva sahisnuna
250|amanina mana-dena
251| kirtaniyah sada harih
252|SYNONYMS
253|trnat api-than downtrodden grass; su-nicena-being
>|lower; taroh-than a tree; iva-like; sahisnuna-with
>|tolerance; amanina-without being puffed up by false pride;
>|mana-dena-giving respect to all; kirtaniyah-to be
>|chanted; sada-always; harih-the holy name of the Lord.
254|TRANSLATION
255|"'One who thinks himself lower than the grass, who is more
>|tolerant than a tree, and who does not expect personal
>|honor but is always prepared to give all respect to others
>|can very easily always chant the holy name of the Lord. '
256|Antya 20.22
257|TEXT 22
258|TEXT
259|nÂ×MÃÃ÷ ýÃÛžþ± Õ±ód±NLÁ ÷±Nd îÔÂí±s÷ h
260|ðRÃý×ÃÛ¶LÁ±Nõþ u¿ýÃÃøRžî± LÁNõþ õÔŽÂu÷ N 22 N
261|uttama hana apanake mane trnadhama
262|dui-prakare sahisnuta kare vrksa-sama
263|SYNONYMS
264|uttama hana-although being very much exalted; apanake-
>|himself; mane-thinks; trna-adhama-lower than a blade of the
>|grass on the ground; dui-prakare-in two ways; sahisnuta-
>|tolerance; kare-performs; vrksa-sama-like the tree.
265|TRANSLATION
266|"These are the symptoms of one who chants the Hare Krsna
>|maha-mantra. Although he is very exalted, he thinks himself
>|lower than the grass on the ground, and like a tree, he
>|tolerates everything in two ways.
267|Antya 20.23
268|TEXT 23
269|TEXT
270|õÔŽÂ Îld LÁ±¿iÂNhýÃà ¿LÁrRà d± Îõ±hlþ h
271|qLÁ±Ûž± Æ÷NhýÃà LÁ±Nõþ ó±dN d± ÷±álþ N 23 N
272|vrksa yena katileha kichu na bolaya
273|sukana maileha kare pani na magaya
274|SYNONYMS
275|vrksa-a tree; yena-as; katileha-when it is cut; kichu na
>|bolaya-does not say anything; sukana-drying up; maileha-if
>|dying; kare-anyone; pani-water; na magaya-does not ask for.
276|TRANSLATION
277|"When a tree is cut down, it does not protest, and even
>|when drying up, it does not ask anyone for water.
278|Antya 20.24
279|TEXT 24
280|TEXT
281|Îlý×Ãà Îl ÷±áNlþ, î±Nõþ ÎðÃlþ Õ±ód-sd h
282|â÷S-õÔ¿(c)† uNýÃÃ, Õ±Ndõþ LÁõþNlþ õþŽÂí N 24 N
283|yei ye magaye, tare deya apana-dhana
284|gharma-vrsti sahe, anera karaye raksana
285|SYNONYMS
286|yei ye magaye-if anyone asks anything from the tree; tare-
>|unto him; deya-gives; apana-dhana-its own wealth; gharma-
>|vrsti-the scorching heat of the sun and torrents of rain;
>|sahe-tolerates; anera-to others; karaye raksana-gives
>|protection.
287|TRANSLATION
288|"The tree delivers its fruits, flowers and whatever else it
>|possesses to anyone and everyone. It tolerates scorching
>|heat and torrents of rain, yet it still gives shelter to
>|others.
289|Antya 20.25
290|TEXT 25
291|TEXT
292|nÂ×MÃÃ÷ ýÃÃÛž± Æõøžõ ýÃÃNõ ¿dõþ¿tÂ÷±d h
293|æÃNNõ u¥œ±d ¿ðÃNõ æÃ±¿d' 'LÔÁøž'-Õ¿s‡Â±d N 25 N
294|uttama hana vaisnava habe nirabhimana
295|jive sammana dibe jani' 'krsna'-adhisthana
296|SYNONYMS
297|uttama hana-although being very much exalted; vaisnava-a
>|devotee; habe-should become; nirabhimana-without pride;
>|jive-to all living entities; sammana dibe-should give
>|respect; jani'-knowing; krsna-adhisthana-the resting place
>|of Krsna.
298|TRANSLATION
299|"Although a Vaisnava is the most exalted person, he is
>|prideless and gives all respect to everyone, knowing
>|everyone to be the resting place of Krsna.
300|Antya 20.26
301|TEXT 26
302|TEXT
303|Ûý×ÃÃ÷î ýÃÃÛž± Îlý×Ãà LÔÁøžd±÷ hlþ h
304|MLÔÁøžaÂõþNí îÂD±õþ Λ¶÷ nÂ×óæÃlþ N 26 N
305|ei-mata hana yei krsna-nama laya
306|sri-krsna-carane tanra prema upajaya
307|SYNONYMS
308|ei-mata-in this way; hana-becoming; yei-anyone who; krsna-
>|nama laya-chants the holy name of Krsna; sri-krsna-carane-
>|at the lotus feet of Lord Krsna; tanra-his; prema upajaya-
>|love of Krsna awakens.
309|TRANSLATION
310|"If one chants the holy name of Lord Krsna in this manner,
>|he will certainly awaken his dormant love for Krsna's lotus
>|feet."
311|Antya 20.27
312|TEXT 27
313|TEXT
314|LÁ¿ýÃÃNî LÁ¿ýÃÃNî ›¶tRÂõþ ÆðÃdI õ±¿nÂlh± h
315|'qXt¿MÃ' LÔÁøž-걿۞ ÷±¿áNî h±¿áh± N 27 N
316|kahite kahite prabhura dainya badila
317|'suddha-bhakti' krsna-thani magite lagila
318|SYNONYMS
319|kahite kahite-speaking like this; prabhura-of Sri Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu; dainya-humility; badila-increased; suddha-
>|bhakti-pure devotional service; krsna-thani-from Krsna;
>|magite lagila-began to pray for.
320|TRANSLATION
321|As Lord Caitanya spoke in this way, His humility increased,
>|and He began praying to Krsna that He could discharge pure
>|devotional service.
322|Antya 20.28
323|TEXT 28
324|TEXT
325|Λ¶N÷õþ ¦¤t±õ-l±ýÃÃD± Λ¶N÷õþ u¥¤g h
326|Îuý×Ãà ÷±Nd,-'LÔÁNøž Î÷±õþ d±¿ýÃà Λ¶÷-ág' N 28 N
327|premera svabhava-yahan premera sambandha
328|sei mane,-'krsne mora nahi prema-gandha'
329|SYNONYMS
330|premera svabhava -the nature of love of Godhead;
>|yahan-where; premera sambandha-a relationship of love of
>|Godhead; sei mane-he recognizes; krsne-unto Lord Krsna;
>|mora-my; nahi-there is not; prema-gandha-even a scent of
>|love of Godhead.
331|TRANSLATION
332|Wherever there is a relationship of love of Godhead, its
>|natural symptom is that the devotee does not think himself
>|a devotee. Instead, he always thinks that he has not even a
>|drop of love for Krsna.
333|PURPORT
334|Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura comments that
>|persons who are actually very poor because they possess not
>|even a drop of love of Godhead or pure devotional service
>|falsely advertise themselves as great devotees, although
>|they cannot at any time relish the transcendental bliss of
>|devotional service. A class of so-called devotees known as
>|prakrta-sahajiyas sometimes display devotional symptoms to
>|exhibit their good fortune. They are pretending, however,
>|because these devotional features are only external. The
>|prakrta-sahajiyas exhibit these symptoms to advertise their
>|so-called advancement in love of Krsna, but instead of
>|praising the prakrta-sahajiyas for their symptoms of
>|transcendental ecstasy, pure devotees do not like to
>|associate with them. It is not advisable to equate the
>|prakrta-sahajiyas with pure devotees. When one is actually
>|advanced in ecstatic love of Krsna, he does not try to
>|advertise himself. Instead, he endeavors more and more to
>|render service to the Lord.
335|The prakrta-sahajiyas sometimes criticize pure devotees by
>|calling them philosophers, learned scholars, knowers of the
>|truth, or minute observers, but not devotees. On the other
>|hand, they depict themselves as the most advanced,
>|transcendentally blissful devotees, deeply absorbed in
>|devotional service and mad to taste transcendental mellows.
>|They also describe themselves as the most advanced devotees
>|in spontaneous love, as knowers of transcendental mellows,
>|as the topmost devotees in conjugal love of Krsna, and so
>|on. Not actually knowing the transcendental nature of love
>|of God, they accept their material emotions to be
>|indicative of advancement. In this way they pollute the
>|process of devotional service. To try to become writers of
>|Vaisnava literature, they introduce their material
>|conceptions of life into pure devotional service. Because
>|of their material conceptions, they advertise themselves as
>|knowers of transcendental mellows, but they do not
>|understand the transcendental nature of devotional service.
336|Antya 20.29
337|TEXT 29
338|TEXT
339|d sdS d æÃdS d uRµõþNS LÁ¿õî±S õ± æÃáðÃNú LÁ±÷Nlþ h
340|÷÷ æÃij¿d æÃijdN«Nõþ tÂõî±3/4ÿMÃõþÍýÃÃîRÂLÁN Q¿lþ N 29 N
341|na dhanam na janam na sundarim
342| kavitam va jagad-isa kamaye
343|mama janmani janmanisvare
344| bhavatad bhaktir ahaituki tvayi
345|SYNONYMS
346|na-not; dhanam-riches; na-not; janam-followers; na-not;
>|sundarim-a very beautiful woman; kavitam-fruitive
>|activities described in flowery language; va-or; jagat-isa-
>|O Lord of the universe; kamaye-I desire; mama-My; janmani-
>|in birth; janmani-after birth; isvare-unto the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead; bhavatat-let there be; bhaktih-
>|devotional service; ahaituki-with no motives; tvayi-unto
>|You.
347|TRANSLATION
348|"'O Lord of the universe, I do not desire material wealth,
>|materialistic followers, a beautiful wife or fruitive
>|activities described in flowery language. All I want, life
>|after life, is unmotivated devotional service to You. '
349|Antya 20.30
350|TEXT 30
351|TEXT
352|"sd, æÃd d±¿ýÃà ÷±NáD±, LÁ¿õî±
>|uRµõþN h
353|'qXt ¿MÃ' ÎðÃýÃÃ' Î÷±Nõþ, LÔÁøž
>|LÔÁó± LÁ¿õþ' N 30 N
354|"dhana, jana nahi magon, kavita sundari
355|'suddha-bhakti' deha' more, krsna krpa kari'"
356|SYNONYMS
357|dhana-wealth; jana-followers; nahi-do not; magon-I want;
>|kavita sundari-a beautiful wife or fruitive activities;
>|suddha-bhakti-pure devotional service; deha'-please award;
>|more-unto Me; krsna-O Lord Krsna; krpa kari'-becoming
>|merciful.
358|TRANSLATION
359|"My dear Lord Krsna, I do not want material wealth from You,
>| nor do I want followers, a beautiful wife or the results
>|of fruitive activities. I only pray that by Your causeless
>|mercy You give Me pure devotional service to You, life
>|after life."
360|Antya 20.31
361|TEXT 31
362|TEXT
363|Õ¿îÂÍðÃNdI óRdÐ ÷±Ná ðñuIt¿MÃ-ðñd h
364|Õ±ód±Nõþ LÁNõþ uSu±õþN æÃNõ-Õ¿tÂ÷±d N 31 N
365|ati-dainye punah mage dasya-bhakti-dana
366|apanare kare samsari jiva-abhimana
367|SYNONYMS
368|ati-dainye-in great humility; punah-again; mage-begs; dasya-
>|bhakti-dana-the awarding of devotion in servitude; apanare-
>|to Himself; kare-does; samsari-materialistic; jiva-abhimana-
>|conception as a conditioned soul.
369|TRANSLATION
370|In great humility, considering Himself a conditioned soul
>|of the material world, Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu again
>|expressed His desire to be endowed with service to the Lord.
371|Antya 20.32
372|TEXT 32
373|TEXT
374|Õ¿lþ dµîdRæÃ ¿LÁ‚õþS ó¿îÂîÂS ÷±S ¿õø¸N÷ tÂõ±¥¤RNsN h
375|LÔÁólþ± îÂõ ó±ðó‚æÃ¿¦šîÂsÓhNuðÔÃúS ¿õ¿aÂ(tm)Llþ N 32 N
376|ayi nanda-tanuja kinkaram
377| patitam mam visame bhavambudhau
378|krpaya tava pada-pankaja-
379| sthita-dhuli-sadrsam vicintaya
380|SYNONYMS
381|ayi-O My Lord; nanda-tanuja-the son of Nanda Maharaja,
>|Krsna; kinkaram-the servant; patitam-fallen; mam-Me; visame-
>|horrible; bhava-ambudhau-in the ocean of nescience; krpaya-
>|by causeless mercy; tava-Your; pada-pankaja-lotus feet;
>|sthita-situated at; dhuli-sadrsam-like a particle of dust;
>|vicintaya-kindly consider.
382|TRANSLATION
383|"' O My Lord, O Krsna, son of Maharaja Nanda, I am Your
>|eternal servant, but because of My own fruitive acts I
>|have fallen into this horrible ocean of nescience. Now
>|please be causelessly merciful to Me. Consider Me a
>|particle of dust at Your lotus feet. '
384|Antya 20.33
385|TEXT 33
386|TEXT
387|"Îî±÷±õþ ¿dîÂIðñu ÷Rý×ÃÃ, Îî±÷± ó±u¿õþlþ± h
388|ó¿nÂllþ±NrDñ tÂõ±íSNõ ÷±lþ±õX ÂýÃÃÛž± N 33 N
389|"tomara nitya-dasa mui, toma pasariya
390|padiyachon bhavarnave maya-baddha hana
391|SYNONYMS
392|tomara-Your; nitya-dasa-eternal servant; mui-I; toma
>|pasariya-forgetting Your Lordship; padiyachon-I have fallen;
>| bhava-arnave-in the ocean of nescience; maya-baddha hana-
>|becoming conditioned by the external energy.
393|TRANSLATION
394|"I am Your eternal servant, but I forgot Your Lordship. Now
>|I have fallen into the ocean of nescience and have been
>|conditioned by the external energy.
395|Antya 20.34
396|TEXT 34
397|TEXT
398|LÔÁó± LÁ¿õþ' LÁõþ Î÷±Nõþ óðÃsÓ¿h-u÷ h
399|Îî±÷±õþ ÎuõLÁ LÁNõþD± Îî±÷±õþ Îuõd N" 34 N
400|krpa kari' kara more pada-dhuli-sama
401|tomara sevaka karon tomara sevana"
402|SYNONYMS
403|krpa kari'-being merciful; kara-make; more-Me; pada-dhuli-
>|sama-like a particle of dust at Your lotus feet; tomara
>|sevaka-as I am Your eternal servant; karon-let Me be
>|engaged; tomara sevana-in Your service.
404|TRANSLATION
405|"Be causelessly merciful to Me by giving Me a place with
>|the particles of dust at Your lotus feet so that I may
>|engage in the service of Your Lordship as Your eternal
>|servant."
406|Antya 20.35
407|TEXT 35
408|TEXT
409|óRdÐ Õ¿îÂ-nÂ×RLÁF±, ÆðÃdI ýÃÃý×ÃÃh nÂ×ðÃá÷ h
410|LÔÁøž-걿۞ ÷±Ná Λ¶÷-d±÷u‚NîSÂd N 35 N
411|punah ati-utkantha, dainya ha-ila udgama
412|krsna-thani mage prema-nama-sankirtana
413|SYNONYMS
414|punah-again; ati-utkantha-great eagerness; dainya-humility;
>|ha-ila udgama-were awakened; krsna-thani-from Lord Krsna;
>|mage-prays for; prema-in ecstatic love; nama-sankirtana-
>|chanting the maha-mantra.
415|TRANSLATION
416|Natural humility and eagerness then awoke in Lord Sri
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu. He prayed to Krsna to be able to chant
>|the maha-mantra in ecstatic love.
417|Antya 20.36
418|TEXT 36
419|TEXT
420|dlþdS áhðÃ|n¸s±õþlþ±, õðÃdS áðáð-Xlþ± ¿áõþ± h
421|óRhÍLÁ¿dS¿aÂîÂS õóRÐ LÁðñ, îÂõ d±÷-¢¶ýÃÃNí t¿õø¸I¿î N 36
>|N
422|nayanam galad-asru-dharaya
423| vadanam gadgada-ruddhaya gira
424|pulakair nicitam vapuh kada
425| tava nama-grahane bhavisyati
426|SYNONYMS
427|nayanam-the eyes; galat-asru-dharaya-by streams of tears
>|running down; vadanam-mouth; gadgada-faltering; ruddhaya-
>|choked up; gira-with words; pulakaih-with erection of the
>|hairs due to transcendental happiness; nicitam-covered;
>|vapuh-the body; kada-when; tava-Your; nama-grahane-in
>|chanting the name; bhavisyati-will be.
428|TRANSLATION
429|"'My dear Lord, when will My eyes be beautified by filling
>|with tears that constantly glide down as I chant Your holy
>|name? When will My voice falter and all the hairs on My
>|body stand erect in transcendental happiness as I chant
>|Your holy name? '
430|Antya 20.37
431|TEXT 37
432|TEXT
433|"Λ¶÷sd ¿õd± õInS ðÿõþ^ æÃNõd h
434|'ðñu' LÁ¿õþ' Îõîd Î÷±Nõþ ÎðÃýÃà Λ¶÷sd N" 37 N
435|"prema-dhana vina vyartha daridra jivana
436|'dasa' kari' vetana more deha prema-dhana"
437|SYNONYMS
438|prema-dhana-the wealth of ecstatic love; vina-without;
>|vyartha-useless; daridra jivana-poor life; dasa kari'-
>|accepting as Your eternal servant; vetana-salary; more-unto
>|Me; deha-give; prema-dhana-the treasure of love of Godhead.
439|TRANSLATION
440|"Without love of Godhead, My life is useless. Therefore I
>|pray that You accept Me as Your servant and give Me the
>|salary of ecstatic love of God."
441|Antya 20.38
442|TEXT 38
443|TEXT
444|õþu±(tm)Lõþ±NõNú ýÃÃý×ÃÃh ¿õNlþ±á-¦£RÂõþí h
445|nÂ×NZá, ¿õø¸±ðÃ, ÆðÃNdI LÁNõþ ›¶hód N 38 N
446|rasantaravese ha-ila viyoga-sphurana
447|udvega, visada, dainye kare pralapana
448|SYNONYMS
449|rasa-antara-avese-in the ecstatic love characterized by
>|different mellows; ha-ila-there was; viyoga-sphurana-
>|awakening of separation; udvega-distress; visada-moroseness;
>| dainye-humility; kare pralapana-speaks like a crazy person.
450|TRANSLATION
451|Separation from Krsna awoke various mellows of distress,
>|lamentation and humility. Thus Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu
>|spoke like a crazy man.
452|Antya 20.39
453|TEXT 39
454|TEXT
455|lR᱿lþîÂS ¿dN÷Nø¸í aÂŽRÂø¸± ›¶±õÔø¸±¿lþîÂ÷A h
456|úÓdI±¿lþîÂS æÃáR uõSS Î᱿õµ-¿õõþNýÃÃí Î÷ N 39 N
457|yugayitam nimesena
458| caksusa pravrsayitam
459|sunyayitam jagat sarvam
460| govinda-virahena me
461|SYNONYMS
462|yugayitam-appearing like a great millennium; nimesena-by a
>|moment; caksusa-from the eyes; pravrsayitam-tears falling
>|like torrents of rain; sunyayitam-appearing void; jagat-the
>|world; sarvam-all; govinda-from Lord Govinda, Krsna;
>|virahena me-by My separation.
463|TRANSLATION
464|"'My Lord Govinda, because of separation from You, I
>|consider even a moment a great millennium. Tears flow from
>|My eyes like torrents of rain, and I see the entire world
>|as void. '
465|Antya 20.40
466|TEXT 40
467|TEXT
468|n ×NZN á ¿ðÃõu d± l±lþ, ' ŽÂí' Æ
>|ýÃÃh ' lRá'- u÷ h
469|õøS¸±õþ Î÷â›¶±lþ Õ|n¸ õ¿õþNø¸ dlþd N 40 N
470|udvege divasa na yaya, 'ksana' haila 'yuga'-sama
471|varsara megha-praya asru varise nayana
472|SYNONYMS
473|udvege-by great agitation; divasa-day; na-not; yaya-passes;
>|ksana-a moment; haila-became; yuga-sama-like a great
>|millennium; varsara-of the rainy season; megha-praya-like
>|clouds; asru-tears; varise-fall down; nayana-from the eyes.
474|TRANSLATION
475|"In My agitation, a day never ends, for every moment seems
>|like a millennium. Pouring incessant tears, My eyes are
>|like clouds in the rainy season.
476|Antya 20.41
477|TEXT 41
478|TEXT
479|Î᱿õµ-¿õõþNýÃà úÓdI ýÃÃý×ÃÃh ¿StRÂõd h
480|îRÂø¸±dNh Îó±NnÂl,-Îld d± l±lþ æÃNõd N 41 N
481|govinda-virahe sunya ha-ila tribhuvana
482|tusanale pode,-yena na yaya jivana
483|SYNONYMS
484|govinda-virahe-by separation from Govinda; sunya-void; ha-
>|ila-became; tri-bhuvana-the three worlds; tusa-anale-in the
>|slow fire; pode-burns; yena-just like; na yaya-does not go;
>|jivana-life.
485|TRANSLATION
486|"The three worlds have become void because of separation
>|from Govinda. I feel as if I were burning alive in a slow
>|fire.
487|Antya 20.42
488|TEXT 42
489|TEXT
490|LÔÁøž nÂ×ðñuNd ýÃÃý×ÃÃh± LÁ¿õþNî óõþNŽÂí h
491|umN uõ LÁNýÃÃ,–'LÔÁNøž LÁõþ nÂ×NóŽÂí' N 42 N
492|krsna udasina ha-ila karite pariksana
493|sakhi saba kahe,-'krsne kara upeksana'
494|SYNONYMS
495|krsna-Lord Krsna; udasina-indifferent; ha-ila-became;
>|karite-to make; pariksana-testing; sakhi saba kahe-all the
>|friends say; krsne-unto Krsna; kara-just do; upeksana-
>|neglecting.
496|TRANSLATION
497|"Lord Krsna has become indifferent to Me just to test My
>|love, and My friends say, 'Better to disregard Him.' "
498|Antya 20.43
499|TEXT 43
500|TEXT
501|ÛNîÂLÁ ¿a¿(tm)LNî õþ±s±õþ ¿d÷Sh ý+ðÃlþ h
502|¦¤±t±¿õLÁ Λ¶÷±õþ ¦¤t±õ LÁ¿õþh nÂ×ðÃlþ N 43 N
503|eteka cintite radhara nirmala hrdaya
504|svabhavika premara svabhava karila udaya
505|SYNONYMS
506|eteka-thus; cintite-thinking; radhara-of Srimati Radharani;
>|nirmala hrdaya-possessing a pure heart; svabhavika-natural;
>|premara-of love of Krsna; svabhava -the character;
>|karila udaya-awakes.
507|TRANSLATION
508|While Srimati Radharani was thinking in this way, the
>|characteristics of natural love became manifest because of
>|Her pure heart.
509|Antya 20.44
510|TEXT 44
511|TEXT
512|Tø¸SI±, nÂ×RLÁF±, ÆðÃdI, Λ¶N¿nÂl, ¿õdlþ h
513|Ûî t±õ ÛLÁ-걿۞ LÁ¿õþh nÂ×ðÃlþ N 44 N
514|irsya, utkantha, dainya, praudhi, vinaya
515|eta bhava eka-thani karila udaya
516|SYNONYMS
517|irsya-envy; utkantha-eagerness; dainya-humility; praudhi-
>|zeal; vinaya-solicitation; eta bhava-all these
>|transcendental ecstasies; eka-thani-in one place; karila
>|udaya-awoke.
518|TRANSLATION
519|The ecstatic symptoms of envy, great eagerness, humility,
>|zeal and supplication all became manifest at once.
520|Antya 20.45
521|TEXT 45
522|TEXT
523|Ûî t±Nõ õþ±s±õþ ÷d Õ¿¦šõþ ýÃÃý×ÃÃh± h
524|umNáí-Õ±Ná Λ¶N¿nÂl-αLÁ Îl ó¿nÂlh± N 45 N
525|eta bhave radhara mana asthira ha-ila
526|sakhi-gana-age praudhi-sloka ye padila
527|SYNONYMS
528|eta bhave-in that mood; radhara-of Srimati Radharani; mana-
>|the mind; asthira ha-ila-became agitated; sakhi-gana-age-
>|before the friends, the gopis; praudhi-sloka-advanced
>|devotional verse; ye-which; padila-She recited.
529|TRANSLATION
530|In that mood, the mind of Srimati Radharani was agitated,
>|and therefore She spoke a verse of advanced devotion to Her
>|gopi friends.
531|Antya 20.46
532|TEXT 46
533|TEXT
534|Îuý×Ãà t±Nõ ›¶tR Îuý×Ãà αLÁ nÂ×2a±¿õþh± h
535|αLÁ nÂ×2a±¿õþNî îÂ^Óó Õ±óNd ýÃÃý×ÃÃh± 46 N
536|sei bhave prabhu sei sloka uccarila
537|sloka uccarite tad-rupa apane ha-ila
538|SYNONYMS
539|sei bhave-in that ecstatic mood; prabhu-Sri Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu; sei-that; sloka-verse; uccarila-recited; sloka-
>|the verse; uccarite-by reciting; tat-rupa-like Srimati
>|Radharani; apane-Himself; ha-ila-became.
540|TRANSLATION
541|In the same spirit of ecstasy, Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu
>|recited that verse, and as soon as He did so, He felt like
>|Srimati Radharani.
542|Antya 20.47
543|TEXT 47
544|TEXT
545|Õ±¿ø¸I õ± ó±ðÃõþî±S ¿ód(c)†R ÷±-
546|÷ðÃúSd±ij÷SýÃÃî±S LÁNõþ±îR õ± h
547|ln± îÂn± õ± ¿õðÃs±îR h¥óNi±
548|÷R›¶±íd±nd u Ûõ d±óõþÐ N 47 N
549|aslisya va pada-ratam pinastu mam
550| adarsanan marma-hatam karotu va
551|yatha tatha va vidadhatu lampato
552| mat-prana-nathas tu sa eva naparah
553|SYNONYMS
554|aslisya-embracing with great pleasure; va-or; pada-ratam-
>|who have fallen at the lotus feet; pinastu-let Him trample;
>|mam-Me; adarsanat-by not being visible; marma-hatam-
>|brokenhearted; karotu-let Him make; va-or; yatha-as (He
>|likes); tatha-so; va-or; vidadhatu-let Him do; lampatah-a
>|debauchee, who mixes with other women; mat-prana-nathah-the
>|Lord of My life; tu-but; sah-He; eva-only; na aparah-not
>|anyone else.
555|TRANSLATION
556|"Let Krsna tightly embrace this maidservant who has fallen
>|at His lotus feet , or let Him trample Me or break My
>|heart by never being visible to Me. He is a debauchee,
>|after all, and can do whatever He likes, but still He alone
>|, and no one else , is the worshipable Lord of My
>|heart.
557|Antya 20.48
558|TEXT 48
559|TEXT
560|"Õ±¿÷–LÔÁøžóðÃ-ðñuN, ÎîDÂNýÃñ–õþuuRmõþ±¿ú,
561| Õ±¿h¿/lþ± LÁNõþ Õ±Ru±n h
562|¿LÁõ± d± ÎðÃlþ ðÃõþúd, æÃ±Nõþd Î÷±õþ îdR÷d,
563| îÂõR ÎîDÂNýÃñ–Î÷±õþ ›¶±íd±n N 48 N
564|"ami-krsna-pada-dasi, tenho-rasa-sukha-rasi,
565|alingiya kare atma-satha
566|kiba na deya darasana, jarena mora tanu-mana,
567|tabu tenho-mora prana-natha
568|SYNONYMS
569|ami-I; krsna-pada-dasi-a maidservant at the lotus feet of
>|Krsna; tenho-He; rasa-sukha-rasi-the reservoir of
>|transcendental mellows; alingiya-by embracing; kare-makes;
>|atma-satha-merged; kiba-or; na deya-does not give; darasana-
>|audience; jarena-corrodes; mora-My; tanu-mana-body and mind;
>| tabu-still; tenho-He; mora prana-natha-the Lord of My life.
570|TRANSLATION
571|"I am a maidservant at the lotus feet of Krsna. He is the
>|embodiment of transcendental happiness and mellows. If He
>|likes He can tightly embrace Me and make Me feel oneness
>|with Him, or by not giving Me His audience, He may corrode
>|My mind and body. Nevertheless, it is He who is the Lord of
>|My life.
572|Antya 20.49
573|TEXT 49
574|TEXT
575| u¿m ÎýÃÃ, qd Î÷±õþ ÷Ndõþ ¿d(lþ h
576|¿LÁõ± ÕdRõþ±á LÁNõþ, ¿LÁõ± ðRÃÐm ¿ðÃlþ± ÷±Nõþ,
577| Î÷±õþ ›¶±Ní«õþ LÔÁøž-ÕdI dlþ N 49 N
578|sakhi he, suna mora manera niscaya
579|kiba anuraga kare, kiba duhkha diya mare,
580|mora pranesvara krsna-anya naya
581|SYNONYMS
582|sakhi he-My dear friend; suna-just hear; mora-My; manera-of
>|the mind; niscaya-decision; kiba-whether; anuraga-affection;
>| kare-shows; kiba-or; duhkha-unhappiness; diya-bestowing;
>|mare-kills; mora-My; prana-isvara-the Lord of life; krsna-
>|Krsna; anya naya-and no one else.
583|TRANSLATION
584|"My dear friend, just hear the decision of My mind. Krsna
>|is the Lord of My life in all conditions, whether He shows
>|Me affection or kills Me by giving Me unhappiness.
585|Antya 20.50
586|TEXT 50
587|TEXT
588|rñ¿nÂl' ÕdI d±õþNáí, Î÷±õþ õú îdR÷d,
589| Î÷±õþ ÎuNt±áI ›¶LÁi LÁ¿õþlþ± h
590|î±-uõ±Nõþ ÎðÃlþ óNnÂl±, Õ±÷±-uNd LÁNõþ SNnÂl±,
591| Îuý×Ãà d±õþNáNí ÎðÃm±Ûž± N 50 N
592|chadi' anya nari-gana, mora vasa tanu-mana,
593|mora saubhagya prakata kariya
594|ta-sabare deya pida, ama-sane kare krida,
595|sei nari-gane dekhana
596|SYNONYMS
597|chadi'-giving up; anya-other; nari-gana-women; mora-My;
>|vasa-control; tanu-mana-mind and body; mora-My; saubhagya-
>|fortune; prakata kariya-manifesting; ta-sabare-unto all of
>|them; deya pida-gives distress; ama-sane-with Me; kare
>|krida-performs loving activities; sei nari-gane-unto these
>|women; dekhana-showing.
598|TRANSLATION
599|"Sometimes Krsna gives up the company of other gopis and
>|becomes controlled, mind and body, by Me. Thus He manifests
>|My good fortune and gives others distress by performing His
>|loving affairs with Me.
600|Antya 20.51
601|TEXT 51
602|TEXT
603|¿LÁõ± ÎîÂDNýÃñ h¥óiÂ, úêÂ, sÔ(c)†, uLÁóiÂ,
604| ÕdI d±õþNáí LÁ¿õþ' u±n h
605|Î÷±Nõþ ¿ðÃNî ÷dÐóNnÂl±, Î÷±õþ Õ±Ná LÁNõþ SNnÂl±,
606| îÂõR ÎîDÂNýÃñ-Î÷±õþ ›¶±íd±n N 51 N
607|kiba tenho lampata, satha, dhrsta, sakapata,
608|anya nari-gana kari' satha
609|more dite manah-pida, mora age kare krida,
610|tabu tenho-mora prana-natha
611|SYNONYMS
612|kiba-or; tenho-He; lampata-debauchee; satha-deceitful;
>|dhrsta-obstinate; sakapata-with a cheating propensity; anya-
>|other; nari-gana-women; kari'-accepting; satha-as
>|companions; more-unto Me; dite-to give; manah-pida-distress
>|in the mind; mora age-in front of Me; kare krida-performs
>|loving affairs; tabu-still; tenho-He; mora prana-natha-the
>|Lord of My life.
613|TRANSLATION
614|"Or, since after all He is a very cunning, obstinate
>|debauchee with a propensity to cheat, He takes to the
>|company of other women. He then indulges in loving affairs
>|with them in front of Me to give distress to My mind.
>|Nevertheless, He is still the Lord of My life.
615|Antya 20.52
616|TEXT 52
617|TEXT
618|d± á¿í Õ±ód-ðRÃÐm, uNõ õ±¿> îD±õþ uRm,
619| îD±õþ uRm-Õ±÷±õþ î±RólS h
620|Î÷±Nõþ l¿ðà ¿ðÃlþ± ðRÃÐm, îD±õþ ÆýÃÃh ÷ýÃñuRm,
621| Îuý×Ãà ðRÃÐm-Î÷±õþ uRmõlS N 52 N
622|na gani apana-duhkha, sabe vanchi tanra sukha,
623|tanra sukha-amara tatparya
624|more yadi diya duhkha, tanra haila maha-sukha,
625|sei duhkha-mora sukha-varya
626|SYNONYMS
627|na-not; gani-I count; apana-duhkha-own personal misery;
>|sabe-only; vanchi-I desire; tanra sukha-His happiness;
>|tanra sukha-His happiness; amara tatparya-the aim of My
>|life; more-unto Me; yadi-if; diya duhkha-giving distress;
>|tanra-His; haila-there was; maha-sukha-great happiness; sei
>|duhkha-that unhappiness; mora sukha-varya-the best of My
>|happiness.
628|TRANSLATION
629|"I do not mind My personal distress. I only wish for the
>|happiness of Krsna, for His happiness is the goal of My
>|life. However, if He feels great happiness in giving Me
>|distress, that distress is the best of My happiness.
630|PURPORT
631|Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura says that a devotee
>|does not care about his own happiness and distress; he is
>|simply interested in seeing that Krsna is happy, and for
>|that purpose he engages in various activities. A pure
>|devotee has no way of sensing happiness except by seeing
>|that Krsna is happy in every respect. If Krsna becomes
>|happy by giving him distress, such a devotee accepts that
>|unhappiness as the greatest of all happiness. Those who are
>|materialistic, however, who are very proud of material
>|wealth and have no spiritual knowledge, like the prakrta-
>|sahajiyas, regard their own happiness as the aim of life.
>|Some of them aspire to enjoy themselves by sharing the
>|happiness of Krsna. This is the mentality of fruitive
>|workers who want to enjoy sense gratification by making a
>|show of service to Krsna.
632|Antya 20.53
633|TEXT 53
634|TEXT
635|Îl d±õþNNõþ õ±N> LÔÁøž,  î±õþ õþ+Nó uîÔÂøž,
636| î±Nõþ d± ó±Ûž± ýÃÃlþ ðRÃÐmN h
637|÷Rý×Ãà î±õþ ó±lþ ó¿nÂl', hÛž± l±† ýÃñNî s¿õþ',
638| SNnÂl± LÁõþ±Ûž± îD±Nõþ LÁNõþD±Â uRmN N 53 N
639|ye narire vanche krsna, tara rupe satrsna,
640|tare na pana haya duhkhi
641|mui tara paya padi', lana yana hate dhari',
642|krida karana tanre karon sukhi
643|SYNONYMS
644|ye narire-the woman whom; vanche krsna-Krsna desires to
>|have in His company; tara rupe satrsna-attracted to her
>|beauty; tare-her; na pana-not getting; haya duhkhi-becomes
>|unhappy; mui-I; tara paya padi'-falling down at her feet;
>|lana yana-taking, go; hate dhari'-catching the hand; krida-
>|pastimes; karana-bringing about; tanre-Lord Krsna; karon
>|sukhi-I make happy.
645|TRANSLATION
646|"If Krsna, attracted by the beauty of some other woman,
>|wants to enjoy with her but is unhappy because He cannot
>|get her, I fall down at her feet, catch her hand and bring
>|her to Krsna to engage her for His happiness.
647|Antya 20.54
648|TEXT 54
649|TEXT
650|LÁ±(tm)L± LÔÁNøž LÁNõþ Îõþ±ø¸, LÔÁøž ó±lþ uN(tm)L±ø¸,
651| uRm ó±lþ î±nÂld-tÂRSuNd h
652|ln±Nl±áI LÁNõþ ÷±d, LÔÁøž î±Nî uRm ó±d,
653| rñNnÂl ÷±d ÕŠ-u±sNd N 54 N
654|kanta krsne kare rosa, krsna paya santosa,
655|sukha paya tadana-bhartsane
656|yatha-yogya kare mana, krsna tate sukha pana,
657|chade mana alpa-sadhane
658|SYNONYMS
659|kanta-the beloved; krsne-unto Lord Krsna; kare rosa-shows
>|anger; krsna paya santosa-Krsna becomes very happy; sukha
>|paya-obtains happiness; tadana-bhartsane-by chastisement;
>|yatha-yogya-as it is suitable; kare mana-shows pride; krsna-
>|Lord Krsna; tate-in such activities; sukha pana-obtains
>|happiness; chade mana-gives up pride; alpa-sadhane-by a
>|little endeavor.
660|TRANSLATION
661|"When a beloved gopi shows symptoms of anger toward Krsna,
>|Krsna is very satisfied. Indeed, He is extremely pleased
>|when chastised by such a gopi. She shows her pride suitably,
>| and Krsna enjoys that attitude. Then she gives up her
>|pride with a little endeavor.
662|Antya 20.55
663|TEXT 55
664|TEXT
665|Îuý×Ãà d±õþN æÃNNlþ ÎLÁNd, LÔÁøž-÷÷S õIn± æÃ±Nd,
666| îÂõR LÔÁNøž LÁNõþ á±nÂl Îõþ±ø h
667|¿dæÃ-uRNm ÷±Nd LÁ±æÃ, ónlÂRLÁ î±õþ ¿úNõþ õ±æÃ,
668| ÂLÔÁNøžõþ ÷±S a±¿ýÃÃNlþ uN(tm)L±ø¸ 55 N
669|sei nari jiye kene, krsna-marma vyatha jane,
670|tabu krsne kare gadha rosa
671|nija-sukhe mane kaja, paduka tara sire vaja,
672|krsnera matra cahiye santosa
673|SYNONYMS
674|sei nari-that woman; jiye-lives; kene-why; krsna-marma-
>|Krsna's heart; vyatha-unhappy; jane-knows; tabu-still;
>|krsne-unto Krsna; kare-does; gadha rosa-deep anger; nija-
>|sukhe-in her own happiness; mane-considers; kaja-the only
>|business; paduka-let there fall; tare-of her; sire-on the
>|head; vaja-a thunderbolt; krsnera-of Krsna; matra-only;
>|cahiye-we want; santosa-the happiness.
675|TRANSLATION
676|"Why does a woman continue to live who knows that Krsna's
>|heart is unhappy but who still shows her deep anger toward
>|Him? She is interested in her own happiness. I condemn such
>|a woman to be struck on the head with a thunderbolt, for We
>|simply want the happiness of Krsna.
677|PURPORT
678|A devotee who is satisfied only with his own sense
>|gratification certainly falls down from the service of
>|Krsna. Being attracted by material happiness, he later
>|joins the prakrta-sahajiyas, who are considered to be
>|nondevotees.
679|Antya 20.56
680|TEXT 56
681|TEXT
682|Îl Îá±óN Î÷±õþ LÁNõþ ÎZNø¸, LÔÁNøžõþ LÁNõþ uN(tm)L±Nø¸,
683| LÔÁøž l±Nõþ LÁNõþ Õ¿tÂh±ø¸ h
684|÷Rý×Ãà î±õþ âNõþ l±Ûž±, î±Nõþ ÎuNõD± ðñuN ýÃÃÛž±,
685| îÂNõ Î÷±õþ uRNmõþ nÂ×~±u N 56 N
686|ye gopi mora kare dvese, krsnera kare santose,
687|krsna yare kare abhilasa
688|mui tara ghare yana, tare sevon dasi hana,
689|tabe mora sukhera ullasa
690|SYNONYMS
691|ye gopi-any gopi who; mora-unto Me; kare dvese-shows envy;
>|krsnera kare santose-but satisfies Krsna; krsna-unto Lord
>|Krsna; yare-unto whom; kare-does; abhilasa-desiring; mui-I;
>|tara-her; ghare yana-going to the house; tare sevon-shall
>|render service unto her; dasi hana-becoming a maidservant;
>|tabe-then; mora-My; sukhera ullasa-awakening of happiness.
692|TRANSLATION
693|"If a gopi envious of Me satisfies Krsna and Krsna desires
>|her, I shall not hesitate to go to her house and become her
>|maidservant, for then My happiness will be awakened.
694|Antya 20.57
695|TEXT 57
696|TEXT
697|LRÁ‡ÂN-¿õN›¶õþ õþ÷íN, ó¿îÂõrî±-¿úNõþ±÷¿í,
698| ó¿î h±¿á' ÆLÁh± ÎõúI±õþ Îuõ± h
699|(tm)¦¿yh uÓNlSõþ á¿îÂ, æÃNlþ±ý×ÃÃh ÷Ôî ó¿îÂ,
700| îRÂ(c)† ÆLÁh ÷RmI ¿îd-ÎðÃõ± N 57 N
701|kusthi-viprera ramani, pativrata-siromani,
702|pati lagi' kaila vesyara seva
703|stambhila suryera gati, jiyaila mrta pati,
704|tusta kaila mukhya tina-deva
705|SYNONYMS
706|kusthi-viprera-of a brahmana who suffered from leprosy;
>|ramani-the wife; pati-vrata-siromani-the topmost of chaste
>|women; pati lagi'-for the satisfaction of her husband;
>|kaila-performed; vesyara seva-service to a prostitute;
>|stambhila-stopped; suryera gati-the movement of the sun;
>|jiyaila-revived; mrta pati-the dead husband; tusta kaila-
>|satisfied; mukhya-the principal; tina-deva-three deities or
>|demigods.
707|TRANSLATION
708|"The wife of a brahmana suffering from leprosy manifested
>|herself as the topmost of all chaste women by serving a
>|prostitute to satisfy her husband. She thus stopped the
>|movement of the sun, brought her dead husband back to life
>|and satisfied the three principal demigods [Brahma, Visnu
>|and Mahesvara].
709|PURPORT
710|The Aditya Purana, Markandeya Purana and Padma Purana tell
>|about a brahmana who was suffering from leprosy but had a
>|very chaste and faithful wife. He desired to enjoy the
>|company of a prostitute, and therefore his wife went to her
>|and became her maidservant, just to draw her attention for
>|his service. When the prostitute agreed to associate with
>|him, the wife brought her the leprotic husband. When that
>|leper, the sinful son of a brahmana, saw the chastity of
>|his wife, he finally abandoned his sinful intentions. While
>|coming home, however, he touched the body of Markandeya Rsi,
>| who thus cursed him to die at sunrise. Because of her
>|chastity, the woman was very powerful. Therefore when she
>|heard about the curse, she vowed to stop the sunrise.
>|Because of her strong determination to serve her husband,
>|the three deities-namely Brahma, Visnu and Mahesvara-were
>|very happy, and they gave her the benediction that her
>|husband would be cured and brought back to life. This
>|example is given herein to emphasize that a devotee should
>|engage himself exclusively for the satisfaction of Krsna,
>|without personal motives. That will make his life
>|successful.
711|Antya 20.58
712|TEXT 58
713|TEXT
714|L ÔÁøž- Î÷±õþ æÃNõd, LÔÁ
>|øž- Î÷±õþ ›¶±ísd,
715| LÔÁøž-Î÷±õþ ›¶±Níõþ óõþ±í h
716|ý+ðÃlþ-nÂ×óNõþ sNõþD±, Îuõ± LÁ¿õþ' uRmN LÁNõþD±,
717| Ûý×Ãà Î÷±õþ uðñ õþNýÃà sI±d N 58 N
718|krsna-mora jivana, krsna-mora prana-dhana,
719|krsna-mora pranera parana
720|hrdaya-upare dharon, seva kari' sukhi karon,
721|ei mora sada rahe dhyana
722|SYNONYMS
723|krsna-Lord Krsna; mora jivana-My life and soul; krsna-Lord
>|Krsna; mora prana-dhana-the wealth of My life; krsna-Lord
>|Krsna; mora pranera parana-the life of My life; hrdaya-
>|upare-on My heart; dharon-I hold; seva kari'-serving; sukhi
>|karon-I make happy; ei-this; mora-My; sada-always; rahe-
>|remains; dhyana-meditation.
724|TRANSLATION
725|"Krsna is My life and soul. Krsna is the treasure of My
>|life. Indeed, Krsna is the very life of My life. I
>|therefore keep Him always in My heart and try to please Him
>|by rendering service. That is My constant meditation.
726|Antya 20.59
727|TEXT 59
728|TEXT
729|Î÷±õþ uRm-ÎuõNd, LÔÁNøžõþ uRm-u/N÷,
730| ÕîÂÛõ ÎðÃýÃà ÎðÆ ðñd h
731|LÔÁøž Î÷±Nõþ 'LÁ±(tm)L±' LÁ¿õþ', LÁNýÃà Î÷±Nõþ '›¶±Ní«¿
>|õþ',
732| Î÷±õþ ýÃÃlþ 'ðñuN'-Õ¿tÂ÷±d N 59 N
733|mora sukha-sevane, krsnera sukha-sangame,
734|ataeva deha dena dana
735|krsna more 'kanta' kari', kahe more 'pranesvari',
736|mora haya 'dasi'-abhimana
737|SYNONYMS
738|mora sukha-My happiness; sevane-in service; krsnera sukha-
>|Krsna's happiness; sangame-by union with Me; ataeva-
>|therefore; deha-My body; dena-I offer; dana-as charity;
>|krsna-Lord Krsna; more-Me; kanta kari'-accepting as beloved;
>| kahe-says; more-to Me; prana-isvari-the most beloved; mora-
>|My; haya-there is; dasi-abhimana-considering His
>|maidservant.
739|TRANSLATION
740|"My happiness is in the service of Krsna, and Krsna's
>|happiness is in union with Me. For this reason, I give My
>|body in charity to the lotus feet of Krsna, who accepts Me
>|as His loved one and calls Me His most beloved. It is then
>|that I consider Myself His maidservant.
741|Antya 20.60
742|TEXT 60
743|TEXT
744|LÁ±(tm)L-Îuõ±-uRmóÓõþ, u/÷ ÆýÃÃNî uR÷sRõþ,
745| î±Nî u±ŽÂN-h„N ê±LRÁõþ±íN h
746|d±õþ±lþí-ý+¿ðà ¿¦š¿îÂ, îÂõR ó±ðÃNuõ±lþ ÷¿îÂ,
747| Îuõ± LÁNõþ 'ðñuN'-Õ¿tÂ÷±dN N 60 N
748|kanta-seva-sukha-pura, sangama haite sumadhura,
749|tate saksi-laksmi thakurani
750|narayana-hrdi sthiti, tabu pada-sevaya mati,
751|seva kare 'dasi'-abhimani"
752|SYNONYMS
753|kanta-seva-sukha-pura-the service of the Lord is the home
>|of happiness; sangama haite su-madhura-sweeter than direct
>|union; tate-in that; saksi-evidence; laksmi thakurani-the
>|goddess of fortune; narayana-hrdi-on the heart of Narayana;
>|sthiti-situation; tabu-still; pada-sevaya mati-her desire
>|is to serve the lotus feet; seva kare-renders service; dasi-
>|abhimani-considering herself a maidservant.
754|TRANSLATION
755|"Service to My lover is the home of happiness and is more
>|sweet than direct union with Him. The goddess of fortune is
>|evidence of this, for although she constantly lives on the
>|heart of Narayana, she wants to render service to His lotus
>|feet. She therefore considers herself a maidservant and
>|serves Him constantly."
756|Antya 20.61
757|TEXT 61
758|TEXT
759|Ûý×Ãà õþ±s±õþ õaÂd, ¿õqXN›¶÷-hŽÂí,
760| Õ±¦¤±ðÃNlþ MNáNõþ-õþ±lþ h
761|t±Nõ ÷d dNýÃÃÃà ¿¦šõþ, u±¿NNLÁ õI±Nó úõþNõþ,
762| ÷d-ÎðÃýÃà sõþí d± l±lþ N 61 N
763|ei radhara vacana, visuddha-prema-laksana,
764|asvadaye sri-gaura-raya
765|bhave mana nahe sthira, sattvike vyape sarira,
766|mana-deha dharana na yaya
767|SYNONYMS
768|ei-these; radhara vacana-the statements of Srimati
>|Radharani; visuddha-prema-laksana-the symptoms of pure love
>|of Krsna; asvadaye-tastes; sri-gaura-raya-Lord Sri Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu; bhave-because of this ecstasy; mana nahe sthira-
>|the mind is not steady; sattvike-the symptoms of
>|transcendental love; vyape-spread over; sarira-the body;
>|mana-deha-mind and body; dharana-sustaining; na yaya-is not
>|possible.
769|TRANSLATION
770|These statements by Srimati Radharani show the symptoms of
>|pure love for Krsna tasted by Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu. In
>|that ecstatic love, His mind was unsteady. Transformations
>|of transcendental love spread throughout His entire body,
>|and He could not sustain His body and mind.
771|Antya 20.62
772|TEXT 62
773|TEXT
774|õrNæÃõþ ¿õqXN›¶÷,- Îld æÃ±¥¤Ódðà ÎýÃÃ÷,
775| Õ±R-uRNmõþ l±ýÃÃD± d±¿ýÃà ág h
776|Îu Λ¶÷ æÃ±d±'Nî Îh±NLÁ, ›¶tR ÆLÁh± Ûý×Ãà αNLÁ,
777| óNðà ÆLÁh± ÕNnSõþ ¿dõSg N 62 N
778|vrajera visuddha-prema,- yena jambu-nada hema,
779|atma-sukhera yahan nahi gandha
780|se prema jana'te loke, prabhu kaila ei sloke,
781|pade kaila arthera nirbandha
782|SYNONYMS
783|vrajera-of Vrndavana; visuddha-prema-the pure love of Krsna;
>| yena-like; jambu-nada hema-the golden particles found in
>|the Jambu River; atma-sukhera-of personal sense
>|gratification; yahan-where; nahi gandha-there is not even a
>|scent; se prema-that love of Godhead; jana'te loke-to
>|advertise among the people; prabhu-Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu;
>|kaila-has written; ei sloke-this verse; pade-in different
>|steps; kaila arthera nirbandha-has clarified the real
>|meaning.
784|TRANSLATION
785|The pure devotional service in Vrndavana is like the golden
>|particles in the river Jambu. In Vrndavana there is not a
>|trace of personal sense gratification. It is to advertise
>|such pure love in this material world that Sri Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu has written the previous verse and explained its
>|meaning.
786|PURPORT
787|The verse referred to here is text 47, the eighth verse of
>|the Siksastaka.
788|Antya 20.63
789|TEXT 63
790|TEXT
791|Ûý×ÃÃ÷î ÷ýÃñ›¶tR t±õ±¿õ(c)† ýÃÃÛž± h
792|›¶h±ó LÁ¿õþh± îÂMÃÃR αLÁ ó¿nÂllþ± N 63 N
793|ei-mata mahaprabhu bhavavista hana
794|pralapa karila tat-tat sloka padiya
795|SYNONYMS
796|ei-mata-in this way; mahaprabhu-Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu;
>|bhava-avista hana-being overwhelmed by ecstatic love;
>|pralapa karila-said crazy words; tat-tat-appropriate; sloka
>|padiya-by reciting verses .
797|TRANSLATION
798|Thus overwhelmed by ecstatic love, Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu
>|spoke like a madman and recited suitable verses.
799|Antya 20.64
800|TEXT 64
801|TEXT
802|óÓNõS Õ(c)†-αLÁ ÂLÁ¿õþ' Îh±NLÁ ¿úŽÂ± ¿ðÃh± h
803|Îuý×Ãà Õ(c)†-N±NLÁõþ ÕnS Õ±óNd Õ±¦¤±¿ðÃh± N 64 N
804|purve asta-sloka kari' loke siksa dila
805|sei asta-slokera artha apane asvadila
806|SYNONYMS
807|purve-formerly; asta-sloka kari'-composing eight verses;
>|loke siksa dila-gave instruction to the people in general;
>|sei-those; asta-slokera-of the eight stanzas; artha-the
>|meaning; apane asvadila-personally tasted.
808|TRANSLATION
809|The Lord had formerly composed these eight verses to teach
>|people in general. Now He personally tasted the meaning of
>|the verses, which are called the Siksastaka.
810|Antya 20.65
811|TEXT 65
812|TEXT
813|›¶tRÂõþ '¿úŽÂ±(c)†LÁ'-αLÁ Îlý×Ãà óNnÂl, qNd h
814|LÔÁNøž Λ¶÷t¿Mà î±õþ õ±NnÂl ¿ðÃNd-¿ðÃNd N 65 N
815|prabhura 'siksastaka'-sloka yei pade, sune
816|krsne prema-bhakti tara bade dine-dine
817|SYNONYMS
818|prabhura-of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu; siksa-astaka-of the
>|eight instructions; sloka-the verses; yei-anyone who; pade-
>|recites; sune-or hears; krsne-unto Lord Krsna; prema-bhakti-
>|ecstatic love and devotion; tara-his; bade-increases; dine-
>|dine-day after day.
819|TRANSLATION
820|If anyone recites or hears these eight verses of
>|instruction by Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu, his ecstatic love
>|and devotion for Krsna increase day by day.
821|Antya 20.66
822|TEXT 66
823|TEXT
824|lðÃI¿óýÃà ›¶tRÂ-ÎLÁ±iÂNu÷R^-áyNõþ h
825|d±d±-t±õ-aÂNf±ðÃNlþ ýÃÃNlþd Õ¿¦šõþ N 66 N
826|yadyapiha prabhu-koti-samudra-gambhira
827|nana-bhava-candrodaye hayena asthira
828|SYNONYMS
829|yadyapiha-although; prabhu-Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu; koti-
>|samudra-gambhira-as deep as millions of oceans; nana-
>|various; bhava-of ecstatic emotions; candrodaye-because of
>|the moonrise; hayena-sometimes becomes; asthira-restless.
830|TRANSLATION
831|Although Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu is as deep and grave as
>|millions of oceans, when the moon of His various emotions
>|rises, He becomes restless.
832|Antya 20.67–68
833|TEXTS 67–68
834|TEXT
835|Îlý×Ãà Îlý×Ãà αLÁ æÃlþNðõ, t±áõNî h
836|õþ±Nlþõþ d±iÂNLÁ, Îlý×Ãà ձõþ LÁíS±÷ÔNî N 67 N
837|Îuý×Ãà Îuý×Ãà t±Nõ αLÁ LÁ¿õþlþ± óêÂNd h
838|Îuý×Ãà Îuý×Ãà t±õ±NõNú LÁNõþd Õ±¦¤±ðÃNd N 68 N
839|yei yei sloka jayadeva, bhagavate
840|rayera natake, yei ara karnamrte
841|sei sei bhave sloka kariya pathane
842|sei sei bhavavese karena asvadane
843|SYNONYMS
844|yei yei-whatever; sloka-verses; jayadeva-Jayadeva Gosvami;
>|bhagavate-in Srimad-Bhagavatam; rayera natake-in the drama
>|composed by Ramananda Raya; yei-whatever; ara-also;
>|karnamrte-in the book named Krsna-karnamrta, written by
>|Bilvamangala Thakura; sei sei bhave-in those ecstatic
>|emotions; sloka-verses; kariya pathane-reading regularly;
>|sei sei-in that particular; bhava-avese-ecstatic love;
>|karena asvadane-He tastes.
845|TRANSLATION
846|When Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu read the verses of Jayadeva's
>|Gita-govinda, of Srimad-Bhagavatam, of Ramananda Raya's
>|drama Jagannatha-vallabha-nataka, and of Bilvamangala
>|Thakura's Krsna-karnamrta, He was overwhelmed by the
>|various ecstatic emotions of those verses. Thus He tasted
>|their purports.
847|Antya 20.69
848|TEXT 69
849|TEXT
850|Z±ðÃú õRÂuõþ UNrà ðÃú±-õþ±¿S-¿ðÃNd h
851|LÔÁøžõþu Õ±¦¤±ðÃNlþ ðRÃý×ÃÃõgRÃÃÃ-uNd N 69 N
852|dvadasa vatsara aiche dasa-ratri-dine
853|krsna-rasa asvadaye dui-bandhu-sane
854|SYNONYMS
855|dvadasa vatsara-for twelve years; aiche dasa-such a
>|condition; ratri-dine-day and night; krsna-rasa-
>|transcendental bliss and mellows in connection with Krsna;
>|asvadaye-He tastes; dui-bandhu-sane-with two friends,
>|namely Ramananda Raya and Svarupa Damodara Gosvami.
856|TRANSLATION
857|For twelve years, Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu remained in that
>|state day and night. With His two friends He tasted the
>|meaning of those verses, which consists of nothing but the
>|transcendental bliss and mellows of Krsna consciousness.
858|Antya 20.70
859|TEXT 70
860|TEXT
861|Îuý×Ãà uõ hNh±õþu Õ±óNd Õd(tm)L h
862|uýÃæÚ-õðÃNd õ¿íS' d±¿ýÃà ó±'d Õ(tm)L N 70 N
863|sei saba lila-rasa apane ananta
864|sahasra-vadane varni' nahi pa'na anta
865|SYNONYMS
866|sei saba-all these; lila-rasa-transcendental mellows of Sri
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu's pastimes; apane-personally; ananta-
>|the Personality of Godhead Ananta; sahasra-vadane-with His
>|thousands of faces; varni'-describing; nahi-not; pa'na-gets;
>| anta-the limit.
867|TRANSLATION
868|Even Anantadeva, who has thousands of faces, could not
>|reach the end of describing the transcendental bliss of Sri
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu's pastimes.
869|Antya 20.71
870|TEXT 71
871|TEXT
872|æÃNõ ŽRÂ^õR¿X ÎLÁ±dA î±ýÃñ ó±Nõþ õ¿íSNî·
873|î±õþ ÛLÁ LÁí± ¦ó¿úS Õ±ód± Îú±¿sNî N 71 N
874|jiva ksudra-buddhi kon taha pare varnite?
875|tara eka kana sparsi apana sodhite
876|SYNONYMS
877|jiva-living being; ksudra-buddhi-limited intelligence; kon-
>|who; taha-that; pare-is able; varnite-to write; tara-of
>|that; eka kana-one particle; sparsi-I touch; apana sodhite-
>|to correct myself.
878|TRANSLATION
879|How, then, could an ordinary living being with very little
>|intelligence describe such pastimes? Nevertheless, I am
>|trying to touch but a particle of them just to rectify
>|myself .
880|Antya 20.72
881|TEXT 72
882|TEXT
883|lî ÎaÂ(c)†±, lî ›¶h±ó,-d±¿ýÃà ó±õþ±õ±õþ h
884|Îu uõ õ¿íSNî ¢¶Lš ýÃÃlþ uR¿õ(tm)¦Â±õþ N 72 N
885|yata cesta, yata pralapa,-nahi paravara
886|sei saba varnite grantha haya suvistara
887|SYNONYMS
888|yata cesta-all activities; yata pralapa-all crazy talking;
>|nahi paravara-there was no limit; sei saba-all of them;
>|varnite-to describe; grantha-the book; haya-would be; su-
>|vistara-very voluminous.
889|TRANSLATION
890|There is no limit to Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu's activities
>|and His words of madness. Therefore describing them all
>|would greatly increase the size of this book.
891|Antya 20.73
892|TEXT 73
893|TEXT
894|õÔµ±õd-ðñu ›¶n÷ Îl hNh± õ¿íSh h
895|Îuý×ÃÃuõ hNh±õþ Õ±¿÷ uÓS÷±S ÆLÁh N 73 N
896|vrndavana-dasa prathama ye lila varnila
897|sei-saba lilara ami sutra-matra kaila
898|SYNONYMS
899|vrndavana-dasa-Vrndavana dasa Thakura; prathama-at first;
>|ye-whatever; lila-pastimes; varnila-described; sei-saba-all
>|of those; lilara-of the pastimes; ami-I; sutra-matra kaila-
>|prepared only the synopsis.
900|TRANSLATION
901|Whatever pastimes Srila Vrndavana dasa Thakura has first
>|described I have merely summarized.
902|Antya 20.74
903|TEXT 74
904|TEXT
905|îD±õþ îÂIMà 'ÕõNúø¸' uSNŽÂNó LÁ¿ýÃÃh h
906|hNh±õþ õ±UNhI ¢¶Lš îÂn±¿ó õ±¿nÂlh N 74 N
907|tanra tyakta 'avasesa' sanksepe kahila
908|lilara bahulye grantha tathapi badila
909|SYNONYMS
910|tanra-his; tyakta-left out; avasesa-remainders; sanksepe
>|kahila-I have described very briefly; lilara bahulye-
>|because of the numerousness of the pastimes; grantha-this
>|book; tathapi-still; badila-has increased.
911|TRANSLATION
912|I have only very briefly described the pastimes of Sri
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu not described by Vrndavana dasa Thakura.
>| Nevertheless, because those transcendental pastimes are so
>|numerous, the size of this book has increased.
913|Antya 20.75
914|TEXT 75
915|TEXT
916|ÕîÂÛõ Îuý×ÃÃuõ hNh± d± ó±¿õþ õ¿íSõ±Nõþ h
917|u÷±¿5 LÁ¿õþhRD hNh±NLÁ LÁ¿õþ' d÷¦¨±Nõþ N 75 N
918|ataeva sei-saba lila na pari varnibare
919|samapti karilun lilake kari' namaskare
920|SYNONYMS
921|ataeva-therefore; sei-saba-all those; lila-pastimes; na
>|pari-I am not able; varnibare-to narrate; samapti karilun-
>|now I have finished; lilake-to the pastimes; kari'
>|namaskare-offering my respectful obeisances.
922|TRANSLATION
923|It is impossible to describe all the pastimes elaborately.
>|I shall therefore end this description and offer them my
>|respectful obeisances.
924|Antya 20.76
925|TEXT 76
926|TEXT
927|Îl ¿LÁrRà LÁ¿ýÃÃhRD Ûý×Ãà ¿ðÃáAðÃõþúd h
928|Ûý×Ãà ÕdRu±Nõþ ýÃÃNõ î±õþ Õ±¦¤±ðÃd N 76 N
929|ye kichu kahilun ei dig-darasana
930|ei anusare habe tara asvadana
931|SYNONYMS
932|ye kichu-whatever; kahilun-I have said; ei-this; dik-
>|darasana-just to make an indication; ei anusare-in this way;
>| habe-there will be; tara-of that; asvadana-tasting.
933|TRANSLATION
934|What I have described gives merely an indication, but by
>|following this indication one may obtain a taste of all the
>|pastimes of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu.
935|Antya 20.77
936|TEXT 77
937|TEXT
938|›¶tRÂõþ áyNõþ-hNh± d± ó±¿õþ õR¿sÁNî h
939|õR¿X-›¶Nõú d±¿ýÃà î±NîÂ, d± ó±¿õþ õ¿íSNî N 77 N
940|prabhura gambhira-lila na pari bujhite
941|buddhi-pravesa nahi tate, na pari varnite
942|SYNONYMS
943|prabhura-of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu; gambhira-deep; lila-
>|the pastimes; na pari-I am not able; bujhite-to understand;
>|buddhi-pravesa nahi-my intelligence cannot penetrate; tate-
>|because of this; na pari-I am not able; varnite-to describe
>|properly.
944|TRANSLATION
945|I cannot understand the very deep, meaningful pastimes of
>|Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu. My intelligence cannot penetrate
>|them, and therefore I could not properly describe them.
946|Antya 20.78
947|TEXT 78
948|TEXT
949|uõ Î|±î± ÆõøžNõõþ õ¿µlþ± aÂõþí h
950|ÆaÂîdIa¿õþS-õíSd ÆLÁhRD u÷±ód N 78 N
951|saba srota vaisnavera vandiya carana
952|caitanya-caritra-varnana kailun samapana
953|SYNONYMS
954|saba srota-all readers; vaisnavera-of the Vaisnavas;
>|vandiya carana-offering respectful obeisances unto the
>|lotus feet; caitanya-caritra-of the characteristics of Sri
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu; varnana-description; kailun-I have
>|done; samapana-finishing.
955|TRANSLATION
956|After offering my respectful obeisances to the lotus feet
>|of all my Vaisnava readers, I shall therefore end this
>|description of the characteristics of Sri Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu.
957|Antya 20.79
958|TEXT 79
959|TEXT
960|Õ±LÁ±ú-Õd(tm)L, î±Nî ÆlNrà ó¿ŽÂáí h
961|l±õþ lî ú¿MÃ, îÂî LÁNõþ Õ±Nõþ±ýÃÃí N 79 N
962|akasa-ananta, tate yaiche paksi-gana
963|yara yata sakti, tata kare arohana
964|SYNONYMS
965|akasa-the sky; ananta-unlimited; tate-in that sky; yaiche-
>|just as; paksi-gana-all types of birds; yara-of someone;
>|yata sakti-whatever power; tata-that much; kare arohana-
>|rises up and up.
966|TRANSLATION
967|The sky is unlimited, but many birds fly higher and higher
>|according to their own abilities.
968|Antya 20.80
969|TEXT 80
970|TEXT
971|UNrà ÷ýÃñ›¶tRÂõþ hNh±-d±¿ýÃà Ýõþ-ó±õþ h
972|'æÃNõ' ýÃÃÛž± ÎLÁõ± u÷ILAÁ ó±Nõþ õ¿íSõ±õþ· 80 N
973|aiche mahaprabhura lila-nahi ora-para
974|'jiva' hana keba samyak pare varnibara?
975|SYNONYMS
976|aiche-similarly; mahaprabhura lila-the pastimes of Sri
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu; nahi ora-para-there is no limit above
>|or below; jiva hana-being an ordinary living entity; keba-
>|who; samyak-fully; pare-is able; varnibara-to describe.
977|TRANSLATION
978|The pastimes of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu are like the
>|unlimited sky. How, then, can an ordinary living being
>|describe them all?
979|Antya 20.81
980|TEXT 81
981|TEXT
982|l±õR ÂõR¿Xõþ á¿îÂ, îÂNîÂLÁ õ¿íShRD h
983|u÷RN^õþ ÷NsI Îld ÛLÁ ÂLÁí rRDÃý×ÃÃhRD N 81 N
984|yavat buddhira gati, tateka varnilun
985|samudrera madhye yena eka kana chunilun
986|SYNONYMS
987|yavat-as far; buddhira gati-the limit of my intelligence;
>|tateka-that far; varnilun-I have described; samudrera
>|madhye-in the midst of the great ocean; yena-just like; eka
>|kana-one particle; chunilun-I have touched.
988|TRANSLATION
989|I have tried to describe them as far as my intelligence
>|allows, as if trying to touch a drop in the midst of a
>|great ocean.
990|Antya 20.82
991|TEXT 82
992|TEXT
993|¿dîÂI±dµ-LÔÁó±ó±S-õÔµ±õd-ðñu h
994|ÆaÂîdIhNh±lþ ÎîDÂNýÃñ ýÃÃNlþd 'Õ±¿ðÃõI±u' N 82 N
995|nityananda-krpa-patra-vrndavana-dasa
996|caitanya-lilaya tenho hayena 'adi-vyasa'
997|SYNONYMS
998|nityananda-of Lord Nityananda Prabhu; krpa-patra-the
>|favorite devotee; vrndavana-dasa-Vrndavana dasa Thakura;
>|caitanya-lilaya-in the pastimes of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu;
>|tenho-He; hayena-is; adi-vyasa-the original Vyasadeva.
999|TRANSLATION
1000|Vrndavana dasa Thakura is Lord Nityananda's favorite
>|devotee, and therefore he is the original Vyasadeva in
>|describing the pastimes of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu.
1001|PURPORT
1002|Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura says that all
>|writers after Vrndavana dasa Thakura who are pure devotees
>|of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu and who have tried to describe
>|the Lord's activities are to be considered like Vyasa.
>|Srila Vrndavana dasa Thakura is the original Vyasadeva in
>|describing caitanya-lila, and all others who follow in his
>|footsteps by describing Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu's pastimes
>|are also to be called Vyasadeva. The bona fide spiritual
>|master is called Vyasa because he is a representative of
>|Vyasa. Worshiping the birthday of such a spiritual master
>|is called Vyasa-puja.
1003|Antya 20.83
1004|TEXT 83
1005|TEXT
1006|îD±õþ Õ±Ná lðÃI¿ó uõ hNh±õþ t±G±õþ h
1007|îÂn±¿ó ÕŠ õ¿íSlþ± rñ¿nÂlNhd Õ±õþ N 83 N
1008|tanra age yadyapi saba lilara bhandara
1009|tathapi alpa varniya chadilena ara
1010|SYNONYMS
1011|tanra age-before him; yadyapi-although; saba-all; lilara-of
>|the pastimes; bhandara-full store; tathapi-still; alpa-very
>|little; varniya-describing; chadilena-he left; ara-the
>|others.
1012|TRANSLATION
1013|Although Vrndavana dasa Thakura has within his jurisdiction
>|the full store of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu's pastimes, he
>|has left aside most of them and described but a small
>|portion.
1014|Antya 20.84
1015|TEXT 84
1016|TEXT
1017|Îl ¿LÁrRà õ¿íShRD, ÎuýÃà uSNŽÂó LÁ¿õþlþ± h
1018|¿h¿mNî d± ó±Nõþd, îÂõR õþ±¿mlþ±Nrd ¿h¿mlþ± N 84 N
1019|ye kichu varnilun, seha sanksepa kariya
1020|likhite na parena, tabu rakhiyachena likhiya
1021|SYNONYMS
1022|ye kichu varnilun-whatever I have described; seha-them;
>|sanksepa-briefly; kariya-doing; likhite na parena-Vrndavana
>|dasa Thakura was not able to describe; tabu-still;
>|rakhiyachena-has kept; likhiya-recording in writing.
1023|TRANSLATION
1024|What I have described was left aside by Vrndavana dasa
>|Thakura, but although he could not describe these pastimes,
>|he gave us a synopsis.
1025|Antya 20.85
1026|TEXT 85
1027|TEXT
1028|ÆaÂîdI÷/Nh ÎîDÂNýÃñ ¿h¿mlþ±Nrd ¦š±Nd-¦š±Nd h
1029|Îuý×Ãà õaÂd qd, Îuý×Ãà óõþ÷-›¶÷±Ní N 85 N
1030|caitanya-mangale tenho likhiyache sthane-sthane
1031|sei vacana suna, sei parama-pramane
1032|SYNONYMS
1033|caitanya-mangale-in the book named Caitanya-mangala; tenho-
>|Vrndavana dasa Thakura; likhiyache-has written; sthane-
>|sthane-in several places; sei vacana suna-please hear those
>|statements; sei parama-pramane-that is the foremost proof.
1034|TRANSLATION
1035|In his book named Caitanya-mangala [Caitanya-bhagavata], he
>|has described these pastimes in many places. I request my
>|readers to hear that book, for that is the best evidence.
1036|Antya 20.86
1037|TEXT 86
1038|TEXT
1039|uSNŽÂNó LÁ¿ýÃÃhRD, ¿õ(tm)¦±õþ d± l±lþ LÁnNd h
1040|¿õ(tm)¦±¿õþlþ± ÂÎõðÃõI±u ÂLÁ¿õþõ õíSNd N 86 N
1041|sanksepe kahilun, vistara na yaya kathane
1042|vistariya veda-vyasa kariba varnane
1043|SYNONYMS
1044|sanksepe kahilun-I have described very briefly; vistara na
>|yaya kathane-it is not possible to describe them in full;
>|vistariya-elaborating; veda-vyasa-a representative of
>|Vyasadeva; kariba-will do; varnane-describing.
1045|TRANSLATION
1046|I have described the pastimes very briefly, for it is
>|impossible for me to describe them in full. In the future,
>|however, Vedavyasa will describe them elaborately.
1047|Antya 20.87
1048|TEXT 87
1049|TEXT
1050|ÆaÂîdI÷/Nh ý×ÃÃýÃñ ¿h¿mlþ±Nr ¦š±Nd-¦š±Nd h
1051|uîÂI LÁNýÃÃd,-'Õ±Ná ÂõI±u LÁ¿õþõ õíSNd' N 87 N
1052|caitanya-mangale iha likhiyache sthane-sthane
1053|satya kahena,-'age vyasa kariba varnane'
1054|SYNONYMS
1055|caitanya-mangale-in the book named Caitanya-mangala, now
>|known as Caitanya-bhagavata; iha-this statement; likhiyache-
>|has written; sthane-sthane-in many places; satya-the truth;
>|kahena-he says; age-in the future; vyasa kariba varnane-
>|Vyasadeva will describe them more elaborately.
1056|TRANSLATION
1057|In the Caitanya-mangala, Srila Vrndavana dasa Thakura has
>|stated in many places the factual truth that in the future
>|Vyasadeva will describe the Lord's pastimes elaborately.
1058|PURPORT
1059|The statement age vyasa kariba varnane is similar to a text
>|in the Caitanya-bhagavata (Adi- khanda, 1.180) in
>|which Vrndavana dasa Thakura says:
1060|sesa-khande caitanyera ananta vilasa
1061|vistariya varnite achena veda-vyasa
1062|"The unlimited pastimes of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu will be
>|described by Vyasadeva in the future." Srila
>|Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura says that these
>|statements indicate that in the future, other
>|representatives of Vyasadeva will elaborately describe Lord
>|Caitanya's pastimes. The purport is that any pure devotee
>|in the disciplic succession who describes the pastimes of
>|Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu is confirmed to be a representative
>|of Vyasadeva.
1063|Antya 20.88
1064|TEXT 88
1065|TEXT
1066|ÆaÂîdI-hNh±÷ÔîÂ-¿ugRÃÃÃ-ðRÃ*±¿t-u÷±d h
1067|îÔÂøž±dRõþ+ó sÁ±õþN t¿õþ' ÎîDÂNýÃñ ÆLÁh± ó±d N 88 N
1068|caitanya-lilamrta-sindhu-dugdhabdhi-samana
1069|trsnanurupa jhari bhari' tenho kaila pana
1070|SYNONYMS
1071|caitanya-lila-amrta-sindhu-the ocean of nectarean pastimes
>|of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu; dugdha-abdhi-samana-exactly
>|like the ocean of milk; trsna-anurupa-according to one's
>|thirst; jhari-the pitcher; bhari'-filling; tenho-he; kaila
>|pana-drank.
1072|TRANSLATION
1073|The ocean of nectarean pastimes of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu
>|is like the ocean of milk. According to his thirst,
>|Vrndavana dasa Thakura filled his pitcher and drank from
>|that ocean.
1074|Antya 20.89
1075|TEXT 89
1076|TEXT
1077|îD±õþ sÁ±õþN-Îúø¸±÷Ôî ¿LÁrRà Î÷±Nõþ ¿ðÃh± h
1078|îÂNîÂNLÁ t¿õþh ÎóiÂ, îÔÂøž± Î÷±õþ Îáh± N 89 N
1079|tanra jhari-sesamrta kichu more dila
1080|tateke bharila peta, trsna mora gela
1081|SYNONYMS
1082|tanra jhari-sesa-amrta-the remnants of the milk of
>|Vrndavana dasa Thakura's pitcher; kichu-some; more dila-has
>|given to me; tateke-by those remnants; bharila peta-my
>|abdomen is filled; trsna mora gela-now my thirst has gone.
1083|TRANSLATION
1084|Whatever remnants of milk Vrndavana dasa Thakura has given
>|me are sufficient to fill my belly. Now my thirst is
>|completely satiated.
1085|Antya 20.90–91
1086|TEXTS 90–91
1087|TEXT
1088|Õ±¿÷-Õ¿îÂŽRÂ^ æÃNõ, óŽÂN õþ±/±iR¿d h
1089|Îu ÆlNrà îÔÂøž±lþ ¿óNlþ u÷RN^õþ ó±dN N 90 N
1090|ÆîÂNrà ձ¿÷ ÛLÁ LÁí rDRÃý×ÃÃhRD hNh±õþ h
1091|Ûý×Ãà ðÔÃ(c)†±N(tm)L 汿dýÃà ›¶tRÂõþ hNh±õþ ¿õ(tm)¦±õþ N
>|91 N
1092|ami-ati-ksudra jiva, paksi ranga-tuni
1093|se yaiche trsnaya piye samudrera pani
1094|taiche ami eka kana chunilun lilara
1095|ei drstante janiha prabhura lilara vistara
1096|SYNONYMS
1097|ami-I; ati-ksudra jiva-a very insignificant living being;
>|paksi ranga-tuni-just like a little bird with a red beak;
>|se-he; yaiche-just as; trsnaya-in thirst; piye-drinks;
>|samudrera pani-the water of the sea; taiche-in the same way;
>| ami-I; eka kana-one small particle; chunilun-touched;
>|lilara-of the pastimes of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu; ei
>|drstante-by this example; janiha-all of you know; prabhura-
>|of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu; lilara vistara-expansion of the
>|pastimes.
1098|TRANSLATION
1099|I am a very insignificant living being, like a small red-
>|beaked bird. Just as such a bird drinks the water of the
>|sea to quench its thirst, so I have touched only a drop of
>|the ocean of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu's pastimes. From this
>|example, you may all understand how expansive are the
>|pastimes of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu.
1100|Antya 20.92
1101|TEXT 92
1102|TEXT
1103|'Õ±¿÷ ¿h¿m',-ÛýÃà ¿÷nI± LÁ¿õþ ÕdR÷±d h
1104|Õ±÷±õþ úõþNõþ LÁ±‡ÂóRîÂhN-u÷±d N 92 N
1105|'ami likhi',-eha mithya kari anumana
1106|amara sarira kastha-putali-samana
1107|SYNONYMS
1108|ami likhi-I write; eha mithya-this is false; kari anumana-I
>|can infer; amara sarira-my body; kastha-putali-samana-is
>|exactly like a wooden doll.
1109|TRANSLATION
1110|I infer that "I have written" is a false understanding, for
>|my body is like a wooden doll.
1111|Antya 20.93
1112|TEXT 93
1113|TEXT
1114|õÔX æÃõþ±îRÂõþ Õ±¿÷ Õg, õ¿sõþ h
1115|ýÃÃ(tm)¦ ýÃñNh, ÷Nd±õR¿X dNýÃà Î÷±õþ ¿¦šõþ N 93 N
1116|vrddha jaratura ami andha, badhira
1117|hasta hale, mano-buddhi nahe mora sthira
1118|SYNONYMS
1119|vrddha-an old man; jara-atura-troubled by invalidity; ami-I;
>| andha-blind; badhira-deaf; hasta hale-my hands tremble;
>|manah-buddhi-mind and intelligence; nahe-not; mora-my;
>|sthira-steady.
1120|TRANSLATION
1121|I am old and troubled by invalidity. I am almost blind and
>|deaf, my hands tremble, and my mind and intelligence are
>|unsteady.
1122|Antya 20.94
1123|TEXT 94
1124|TEXT
1125|d±d±-Îõþ±á¢¶(tm)¦,-a¿hNî õ¿uNî d± ó±¿õþ h
1126|ó=Nõþ±á-óNnÂl±-õI±LRÁh, õþ±¿S-¿ðÃNd ÷¿õþ N 94 N
1127|nana-roga-grasta,-calite vasite na pari
1128|panca-roga-pida-vyakula, ratri-dine mari
1129|SYNONYMS
1130|nana-roga-grasta-infected with so many diseases; calite-to
>|walk; vasite-to sit down; na pari-I am not properly able;
>|panca-roga-pida-vyakula-always disturbed by five kinds of
>|disease; ratri-dine-day or night; mari-I can die any time.
1131|TRANSLATION
1132|I am infected with so many diseases that I can neither
>|properly walk nor properly sit. Indeed, I am always
>|exhausted by five kinds of diseases. I may die at any time
>|of the day or night.
1133|Antya 20.95
1134|TEXT 95
1135|TEXT
1136|óÓNõS ¢¶NLš ý×ÃÃýÃñ LÁ¿õþlþ±¿rà ¿dNõðÃd h
1137|îÂn±¿ó ¿h¿mNlþ, qd ý×ÃÃýÃñõþ LÁ±õþí N 95 N
1138|purve granthe iha kariyachi nivedana
1139|tathapi likhiye, suna ihara karana
1140|SYNONYMS
1141|purve-previously; granthe-in the book; iha-this; kariyachi
>|nivedana-I have submitted to the readers; tathapi-still;
>|likhiye-I write; suna-please hear; ihara karana-the reason
>|for this.
1142|TRANSLATION
1143|I have previously given an account of my inabilities.
>|Please hear the reason why I nevertheless still write.
1144|Antya 20.96–98
1145|TEXTS 96–98
1146|TEXT
1147|MN᱿õµ, MÍaÂîdI, M¿dîÂI±dµ h
1148|MÕÍZîÂ, MtÂMÃ, Õ±õþ MN|±îÔÂõÔµ N 96 N
1149|M¦¤õþ+ó, Mõþ+ó, Mud±îd h
1150|MõþâRd±n-ðñu M&, MæÃNõaÂõþí N 97 N
1151|ý×DÃÃýÃñ-uõ±õþ aÂõþí-LÔÁó±lþ Îhm±lþ Õ±÷±Nõþ h
1152|Õ±õþ ÛLÁ ýÃÃlþ-ÎîDÂNýÃñ Õ¿îÂLÔÁó± LÁNõþ N 98 N
1153|sri-govinda, sri-caitanya, sri-nityananda
1154|sri-advaita, sri-bhakta, ara sri-srotr-vrnda
1155|sri-svarupa, sri-rupa, sri-sanatana
1156|sri-raghunatha-dasa sri-guru, sri-jiva-carana
1157|inha-sabara carana-krpaya lekhaya amare
1158|ara eka haya,-tenho ati-krpa kare
1159|SYNONYMS
1160|sri-govinda-Sri Govindadeva; sri-caitanya-Sri Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu; sri-nityananda-Lord Nityananda; sri-advaita-
>|Advaita Acarya; sri-bhakta-other devotees; ara-also; sri-
>|srotr-vrnda-the readers of this book; sri-svarupa-Svarupa
>|Damodara Gosvami; sri-rupa-Sri Rupa Gosvami; sri-sanatana-
>|Sri Sanatana Gosvami; sri-raghunatha-dasa-Sri Raghunatha
>|dasa Gosvami; sri-guru-my spiritual master; sri-jiva-carana-
>|the lotus feet of Sri Jiva Gosvami; inha sabara-of all of
>|them; carana-krpaya-by the mercy of the lotus feet; lekhaya-
>|causes to write; amare-me; ara eka-another one; haya-there
>|is; tenho-He; ati-krpa kare-shows me very great favor.
1161|TRANSLATION
1162|I am writing this book by the mercy of the lotus feet of
>|Sri Govindadeva, Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu, Lord Nityananda,
>|Advaita Acarya, other devotees and the readers of this book,
>| as well as Svarupa Damodara Gosvami, Sri Rupa Gosvami, Sri
>|Sanatana Gosvami, Sri Raghunatha dasa Gosvami, who is my
>|spiritual master, and Sri Jiva Gosvami. I have also been
>|specifically favored by another Supreme Personality.
1163|Antya 20.99
1164|TEXT 99
1165|TEXT
1166|M÷ðÃdNá±ó±h Î÷±Nõþ Îhm±lþ Õ±:± LÁ¿õþ' h
1167|LÁ¿ýÃÃNî d± lRlþ±lþ, îÂõR õþ¿ýÃÃNî d± ó±¿õþ N 99 N
1168|sri-madana-gopala more lekhaya ajna kari'
1169|kahite na yuyaya, tabu rahite na pari
1170|SYNONYMS
1171|sri-madana-gopala-the Madana-mohana Deity of Vrndavana;
>|more-me; lekhaya-causes to write; ajna kari'-by giving the
>|order; kahite-to say; na yuyaya-is not befitting; tabu-
>|still; rahite-to remain silent; na pari-I am not able.
1172|TRANSLATION
1173|Sri Madana-mohana Deity of Vrndavana has given the order
>|that is making me write. Although this should not be
>|disclosed, I disclose it because I am unable to remain
>|silent.
1174|Antya 20.100
1175|TEXT 100
1176|TEXT
1177|d± LÁ¿ýÃÃNh ýÃÃlþ Î÷±õþ LÔÁîÂâ(r)î±-Îðñø¸ h
1178|ðÃy LÁ¿õþ õ¿h' Î|±î±, d± LÁ¿õþýÃà Îõþ±ø¸ N 100 N
1179|na kahile haya mora krta-ghnata-dosa
1180|dambha kari bali' srota, na kariha rosa
1181|SYNONYMS
1182|na kahile-if I do not say; haya-there is; mora-my; krta-
>|ghnata-dosa-fault of ingratitude; dambha kari-I am proud;
>|bali'-taking as; srota-O readers; na kariha rosa-do not be
>|angry.
1183|TRANSLATION
1184|If I did not disclose this fact, I would be guilty of
>|ingratitude to the Lord. Therefore, my dear readers, please
>|do not consider me too proud and be angry at me.
1185|Antya 20.101
1186|TEXT 101
1187|TEXT
1188|Îî±÷±-uõ±õþ aÂõþí-sÓ¿h LÁ¿õþdR õµd h
1189|î±Nî ÆaÂîdI-hNh± ÆýÃÃh Îl ¿LÁrRà ¿hmd N 101 N
1190|toma-sabara carana-dhuli karinu vandana
1191|tate caitanya-lila haila ye kichu likhana
1192|SYNONYMS
1193|toma-sabara-of all of you; carana-dhuli-the dust of the
>|feet; karinu vandana-I have prayed to; tate-for that reason;
>| caitanya-lila-the pastimes of Lord Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu;
>| haila-there was; ye-whatever; kichu-some; likhana-writing.
1194|TRANSLATION
1195|It is because I have offered my prayers unto the lotus feet
>|of all of you that whatever I have written about Sri
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu has been possible.
1196|Antya 20.102
1197|TEXT 102
1198|TEXT
1199|ÛNõ Õ(tm)LIhNh±áNíõþ LÁ¿õþ ÕdRõ±ðà h
1200|'ÕdRõ±ðÃ' ÆLÁNh ó±ý×Ãà hNh±õþ 'Õ±¦¤±ðÃ' N 102 N
1201|ebe antya-lila-ganera kari anuvada
1202|'anuvada' kaile pai lilara 'asvada'
1203|SYNONYMS
1204|ebe-now; antya-lila-ganera kari anuvada-I beg to repeat all
>|the facts of this Antya-lila; anuvada kaile-if it is
>|repeated; pai-I get; lilara-of the pastime; asvada-taste.
1205|TRANSLATION
1206|Now let me repeat all the pastimes of the Antya-lila, for
>|if I do so I shall taste the pastimes again.
1207|Antya 20.103
1208|TEXT 103
1209|TEXT
1210|›¶n÷ ó¿õþN26ÃNðÃ-õþ+Nóõþ ¿ZîÂNlþ-¿÷hd h
1211|î±õþ ÷NsI ðRÃý×ÃÃd±iÂNLÁõþ ¿õs±d-|õí N 103 N
1212|prathama paricchede-rupera dvitiya-milana
1213|tara madhye dui-natakera vidhana-sravana
1214|SYNONYMS
1215|prathama paricchede-in the First Chapter; rupera-of Rupa
>|Gosvami; dvitiya-milana-the second meeting with Lord
>|Caitanya; tara madhye-within that chapter; dui-natakera-of
>|the two dramas; vidhana-sravana-hearing of the process of
>|writing.
1216|TRANSLATION
1217|The First Chapter describes how Rupa Gosvami met Sri
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu for the second time and how the Lord
>|heard his two dramas [Vidagdha-madhava and Lalita-madhava].
1218|Antya 20.104
1219|TEXT 104
1220|TEXT
1221|î±õþ ÷NsI ¿úõ±dµ-uN/ LRÁ!RÁõþ Õ±ý×ÃÃh± h
1222|›¶tR î±Nõþ LÔÁøž LÁýÃñ۞± ÷RMà LÁ¿õþh± N 104 N
1223|tara madhye sivananda-sange kukkura aila
1224|prabhu tare krsna kahana mukta karila
1225|SYNONYMS
1226|tara madhye-in that chapter; sivananda-sange-with Sivananda
>|Sena; kukkura-the dog; aila-came; prabhu-Sri Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu; tare-unto him (the dog); krsna kahana-inducing
>|to chant Krsna; mukta karila-liberated.
1227|TRANSLATION
1228|That chapter also describes the incident of Sivananda Sena'
>|s dog, who was induced by Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu to chant
>|the holy name of Krsna and was thus liberated.
1229|Antya 20.105
1230|TEXT 105
1231|TEXT
1232|¿ZîÂNNlþ-ÎrñiÂ-ÂýÃÿõþðñNu LÁõþ±ý×ÃÃh± ¿úŽÂí h
1233|î±õþ ÷NsI ¿úõ±dNµõþ Õ±(lS ðÃúSd N 105 N
1234|dvitiye-chota-haridase karaila siksana
1235|tara madhye sivanandera ascarya darsana
1236|SYNONYMS
1237|dvitiye-in the Second Chapter; chota-haridase-Junior
>|Haridasa; karaila siksana-He taught very strictly; tara
>|madhye-within that chapter; sivanandera-of Sivananda Sena;
>|ascarya darsana-the wonderful vision.
1238|TRANSLATION
1239|the Second Chapter tells how the Lord instructively
>|punished Junior Haridasa. Also in that chapter is a
>|description of the wonderful vision of Sivananda Sena.
1240|Antya 20.106
1241|TEXT 106
1242|TEXT
1243|îÔÂîÂNNlþ-ýÃÿõþðñNuõþ ÷¿ýÃÃ÷± ›¶aÂG h
1244|ðñN÷±ðÃõþ-ó¿Gî ÆLÁh± ›¶tÂRNõþ õ±LÁIðÃG N 106 N
1245|trtiye-haridasera mahima pracanda
1246|damodara-pandita kaila prabhure vakya-danda
1247|SYNONYMS
1248|trtiye-in the Third Chapter; haridasera-of Thakura Haridasa;
>| mahima pracanda-very forceful glories; damodara-pandita-
>|Damodara Pandita; kaila-made; prabhure-Sri Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu; vakya-danda-impudence of chastising by words.
1249|TRANSLATION
1250|In the Third Chapter is a description of the forceful
>|glories of Haridasa Thakura. That chapter also mentions how
>|Damodara Pandita spoke words of criticism to Sri Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu.
1251|Antya 20.107
1252|TEXT 107
1253|TEXT
1254|›¶tR 'd±÷' ¿ðÃlþ± ÆLÁh± õrpÁ±G-Î÷±aÂd h
1255|ýÃÿõþðñu LÁ¿õþh± d±N÷õþ ÷¿ýÃÃ÷±-¦š±ód N 107 N
1256|prabhu 'nama' diya kaila brahmanda-mocana
1257|haridasa karila namera mahima-sthapana
1258|SYNONYMS
1259|prabhu-Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu; nama diya-delivering the
>|holy name; kaila-did; brahmanda-mocana-the liberation of
>|the universe; haridasa-Haridasa; karila-did; namera-of the
>|holy name; mahima-sthapana-the establishment of the glories.
1260|TRANSLATION
1261|The Third Chapter also tells how Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu
>|delivered everyone by bestowing upon the universe the holy
>|name of the Lord, and it describes how Haridasa Thakura
>|established the glories of the holy name by his practical
>|example.
1262|Antya 20.108
1263|TEXT 108
1264|TEXT
1265|aÂîRÂNnS-Mud±îÂNdõþ ¿ZîÂNlþ-¿÷hd h
1266|ÎðÃýÃÃîÂI±á ÆýÃÃNî îD±õþ LÁ¿õþh± õþŽÂí N 108 N
1267|caturthe-sri-sanatanera dvitiya-milana
1268|deha-tyaga haite tanra karila raksana
1269|SYNONYMS
1270|caturthe-in the Fourth Chapter; sri-sanatanera-of Sanatana
>|Gosvami; dvitiya-milana-visiting for the second time; deha-
>|tyaga haite-from committing suicide; tanra karila raksana-
>|Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu protected him.
1271|TRANSLATION
1272|The Fourth Chapter describes Sanatana Gosvami's second
>|visit with Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu and how the Lord saved
>|him from committing suicide.
1273|Antya 20.109
1274|TEXT 109
1275|TEXT
1276|ÆæÃI‡Â-÷±Nuõþ sÓNó îD±Nõþ ÆLÁh± óõþNŽÂí h
1277|ú¿Mà u=±¿õþlþ± óRdÐ ó±ê±ý×ÃÃh± õÔµ±õd N 109 N
1278|jyaistha-masera dhupe tanre kaila pariksana
1279|sakti sancariya punah pathaila vrndavana
1280|SYNONYMS
1281|jyaistha-masera-of the month of May-June; dhupe-in the
>|sunshine; tanre-him; kaila-did; pariksana-examining; sakti-
>|potency; sancariya-giving him; punah-again; pathaila
>|vrndavana-sent back to Vrndavana.
1282|TRANSLATION
1283|The Fourth Chapter also tells how Sanatana Gosvami was
>|tested in the sunshine of Jyaistha [May- June] and was
>|then empowered and sent back to Vrndavana.
1284|Antya 20.110
1285|TEXT 110
1286|TEXT
1287|ó=N÷-›¶ðRÃI¥§¿÷N| ›¶tR LÔÁó± LÁ¿õþh± h
1288|õþ±lþ-Z±õþ± LÔÁøžLÁn± îD±Nõþ qd±ý×ÃÃh± N 110 N
1289|pancame-pradyumna-misre prabhu krpa karila
1290|raya-dvara krsna-katha tanre sunaila
1291|SYNONYMS
1292|pancame-in the Fifth Chapter; pradyumna-misre-unto
>|Pradyumna Misra; prabhu-Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu; krpa
>|karila-showed mercy; raya-dvara-with the help of Ramananda
>|Raya; krsna-katha-topics of Krsna; tanre sunaila-made him
>|hear.
1293|TRANSLATION
1294|the Fifth Chapter tells how the Lord showed His favor
>|to Pradyumna Misra and made him hear topics of Krsna from
>|Ramananda Raya.
1295|Antya 20.111
1296|TEXT 111
1297|TEXT
1298|î±õþ ÷NsI 'õ±/±h'-LÁ¿õõþ d±iÂLÁ-nÂ×NóŽÂí h
1299|¦¤õþ+ó-Îá±u±¿Ûž ÆLÁh± ¿õ¢¶NýÃÃõþ ÷¿ýÃÃ÷±-¦š±ód N 111 N
1300|tara madhye 'bangala'-kavira nataka-upeksana
1301|svarupa-gosani kaila vigrahera mahima-sthapana
1302|SYNONYMS
1303|tara madhye-within that chapter; bangala-kavira-of a poet
>|from Bengal; nataka-upeksana-the rejection of the drama;
>|svarupa-gosani-Svarupa Damodara Gosvami; kaila-did;
>|vigrahera-of the Deity; mahima-sthapana-the establishment
>|of the glories.
1304|TRANSLATION
1305|that chapter also describes how Svarupa Damodara
>|Gosvami rejected the drama of a poet from Bengal and
>|established the glories of the Deity.
1306|Antya 20.112
1307|TEXT 112
1308|TEXT
1309|ø¸N‡Â-õþâRd±n-ðñu ›¶tRÂNõþ ¿÷¿hh± h
1310|¿dîÂI±dµ-Õ±:±lþ ¿aÂnÂl±-÷NýÃñRuõ ÆLÁh± N 112 N
1311|sasthe-raghunatha-dasa prabhure milila
1312|nityananda-ajnaya cida-mahotsava kaila
1313|SYNONYMS
1314|sasthe-in the Sixth Chapter; raghunatha-dasa-Raghunatha
>|dasa Gosvami; prabhure milila-met Lord Sri Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu; nityananda-ajnaya-by the order of Nityananda
>|Prabhu; cida-mahotsava kaila-performed the festival of
>|chipped rice.
1315|TRANSLATION
1316|The Sixth Chapter describes how Raghunatha dasa Gosvami met
>|Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu and performed the chipped rice
>|festival in accordance with Nityananda Prabhu's order.
1317|Antya 20.113
1318|TEXT 113
1319|TEXT
1320|ðñN÷±ðÃõþ-¦¤õþ+ó-걿۞ îD±Nõþ u÷¿óSh h
1321|'Îá±õsSd-¿úh±', '&?±÷±h±' îÂD±Nõþ ¿ðÃh N 113 N
1322|damodara-svarupa-thani tanre samarpila
1323|'govardhana-sila', 'gunja-mala' tanre dila
1324|SYNONYMS
1325|damodara-svarupa-thani-to the care of Svarupa Damodara
>|Gosvami; tanre samarpila-the Lord entrusted him; govardhana-
>|sila-the stone from Govardhana Hill; gunja-mala-the garland
>|of small conchshells; tanre dila-delivered to him.
1326|TRANSLATION
1327|That chapter also tells how the Lord entrusted Raghunatha
>|dasa Gosvami to the care of Svarupa Damodara Gosvami and
>|gave Raghunatha dasa the gift of a stone from Govardhana
>|Hill and a garland of small conchshells.
1328|Antya 20.114
1329|TEXT 114
1330|TEXT
1331|u5÷-ó¿õþN26ÃNðÃ-õ~t tÂNAõþ ¿÷hd h
1332|d±d±-÷Nî ÆLÁh± îD±õþ áõS mGd N 114 N
1333|saptama-paricchede-vallabha bhattera milana
1334|nana-mate kaila tanra garva khandana
1335|SYNONYMS
1336|saptama-paricchede-in the Seventh Chapter; vallabha
>|bhattera milana-the meeting of Vallabha Bhatta with Sri
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu; nana-mate-in various ways; kaila-did;
>|tanra-his; garva-pride; khandana-dismantling.
1337|TRANSLATION
1338|The Seventh Chapter tells how Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu met
>|Vallabha Bhatta and dismantled his false pride in various
>|ways.
1339|Antya 20.115
1340|TEXT 115
1341|TEXT
1342|Õ(c)†N÷-õþ±÷aÂf-óRõþNõþ Õ±á÷d h
1343|îD±õþ tÂNlþ ÆLÁh± ›¶tR ¿tޱ uN‚±aÂd N 115 N
1344|astame-ramacandra-purira agamana
1345|tanra bhaye kaila prabhu bhiksa sankocana
1346|SYNONYMS
1347|astame-in the Eighth Chapter; ramacandra-purira agamana-the
>|arrival of Ramacandra Puri; tanra bhaye-because of fear of
>|him; kaila-did; prabhu-Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu; bhiksa
>|sankocana-minimizing His eating.
1348|TRANSLATION
1349|The Eighth Chapter describes the arrival of Ramacandra Puri
>|and how Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu minimized His eating due to
>|fear of him.
1350|Antya 20.116
1351|TEXT 116
1352|TEXT
1353|dõN÷-Îá±óNd±n-óAd±lþLÁ-Î÷±aÂd h
1354|¿SæÃáNîÂõþ Îh±LÁ ›¶tRÂõþ ó±ý×ÃÃh ðÃõþúd N 116 N
1355|navame-gopinatha-pattanayaka-mocana
1356|trijagatera loka prabhura paila darasana
1357|SYNONYMS
1358|navame-in the Ninth Chapter; gopinatha-pattanayaka-mocana-
>|the deliverance of Gopinatha Pattanayaka, the brother of
>|Ramananda Raya; tri-jagatera-of the three worlds; loka-the
>|people in general; prabhura-of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu;
>|paila darasana-got the audience.
1359|TRANSLATION
1360|In the Ninth Chapter is a description of how Gopinatha
>|Pattanayaka was delivered and how the people of the three
>|worlds were able to see Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu.
1361|Antya 20.117
1362|TEXT 117
1363|TEXT
1364|ðÃúN÷-LÁ¿ýÃÃhRD tÂMÃðÃMÃÃ-Õ±¦¤±ðÃd h
1365|Âõþ±âõ-ó¿GNîÂõþ î±ýÃÃD± sÁ±¿hõþ u±æÃd N 117 N
1366|dasame-kahilun bhakta-datta-asvadana
1367|raghava-panditera tahan jhalira sajana
1368|SYNONYMS
1369|dasame-in the Tenth Chapter; kahilun-I have described;
>|bhakta-datta-asvadana-the tasting of the food given by the
>|devotees; raghava-panditera-of Raghava Pandita; tahan-
>|therein; jhalira sajana-the assortment in the bags.
1370|TRANSLATION
1371|In the Tenth Chapter I have described how Sri Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu tasted the food given by His devotees, and I
>|have also described the assortment of prasadam in the
>|bags of Raghava Pandita.
1372|Antya 20.118
1373|TEXT 118
1374|TEXT
1375|î±õþ ÷NsI Î᱿õNµõþ ÆLÁh± óõþNŽÂí ¯
1376|î±õþ ÷NsI ó¿õþ÷RG±-dÔNîÂIõþ õíSd N 118 N
1377|tara madhye govindera kaila pariksana
1378|tara madhye parimunda-nrtyera varnana
1379|SYNONYMS
1380|tara madhye-within that chapter; govindera-of Govinda, His
>|personal assistant; kaila-did; pariksana-testing; tara
>|madhye-in that chapter; parimunda-nrtyera varnana-
>|description of Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu's dancing in the
>|temple.
1381|TRANSLATION
1382|Also in that chapter is a description of how the Lord
>|examined Govinda and how He danced in the temple.
1383|Antya 20.119
1384|TEXT 119
1385|TEXT
1386|ÛLÁ±ðÃNú-ýÃÿõþðñu-ê±LRÁNõþõþ ¿dl±Sí h
1387|tÂMÃ-õ±RuhI l±ýÃÃD± ÎðÃm±ý×ÃÃh± ÎáNõþ tÂáõ±dA N 119 N
1388|ekadase-haridasa-thakurera niryana
1389|bhakta-vatsalya yahan dekhaila gaura bhagavan
1390|SYNONYMS
1391|ekadase-in the Eleventh Chapter; haridasa-thakurera niryana-
>|the disappearance of Srila Haridasa Thakura; bhakta-
>|vatsalya-affection for the devotees; yahan-wherein;
>|dekhaila-exhibited; gaura bhagavan-Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu,
>|the Supreme Personality of Godhead.
1392|TRANSLATION
1393|The Eleventh Chapter describes the disappearance of
>|Haridasa Thakura and how Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu, the
>|Supreme Personality of Godhead, showed His affection for
>|His devotees.
1394|Antya 20.120
1395|TEXT 120
1396|TEXT
1397|Z±ðÃNú-æÃáð±dNµõþ ÆîÂh-tÂ?d h
1398|¿dîÂI±dµ ÆLÁh± ¿úõ±dNµNõþ î±nÂlí N 120 N
1399|dvadase-jagadanandera taila-bhanjana
1400|nityananda kaila sivanandere tadana
1401|SYNONYMS
1402|dvadase-in the Twelfth Chapter; jagadanandera-of
>|Jagadananda Pandita; taila-bhanjana-breaking the oil pot;
>|nityananda-Lord Nityananda; kaila-performed; sivanandere
>|tadana-the chastisement of Sivananda Sena.
1403|TRANSLATION
1404|In the Twelfth Chapter are descriptions of how Jagadananda
>|Pandita broke a pot of oil and how Lord Nityananda
>|chastised Sivananda Sena.
1405|Antya 20.121
1406|TEXT 121
1407|TEXT
1408|SNlþ±ðÃNú-æÃáðñdµ ÷nRõþ± l±ý×ÃÃ' Õ±ý×ÃÃh± h
1409|÷ýÃñ›¶tR ÎðÃõðñuNõþ áNî q¿dh± N 121 N
1410|trayodase-jagadananda mathura yai' aila
1411|mahaprabhu deva-dasira gita sunila
1412|SYNONYMS
1413|trayodase-in the Thirteenth Chapter; jagadananda-
>|Jagadananda Pandita; mathura yai'-going to Mathura; aila-
>|returned; mahaprabhu-Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu; deva-dasira-
>|of the deva-dasi dancing girl; gita sunila-heard the song.
1414|TRANSLATION
1415|the Thirteenth Chapter tells how Jagadananda Pandita
>|went to Mathura and returned and how Sri Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu by chance heard a song sung by a deva-dasi
>|dancing girl.
1416|Antya 20.122
1417|TEXT 122
1418|TEXT
1419|ÂõþâRd±n-tÂA±a±NlSõþ î±ýÃÃD±ý×Ãà ¿÷hd h
1420|›¶tR îD±Nõþ LÔÁó± LÁ¿õþ' ó±ê±ý×ÃÃh± õÔµ±õd N 122 N
1421|raghunatha-bhattacaryera tahani milana
1422|prabhu tanre krpa kari' pathaila vrndavana
1423|SYNONYMS
1424|raghunatha-bhattacaryera-of Raghunatha Bhatta; tahani-there;
>| milana-meeting; prabhu-Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu; tanre-to
>|him; krpa kari'-showing causeless mercy; pathaila vrndavana-
>|sent to Vrndavana.
1425|TRANSLATION
1426|Also in the Thirteenth Chapter is an account of how
>|Raghunatha Bhatta met Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu, who by His
>|causeless mercy sent him to Vrndavana.
1427|Antya 20.123
1428|TEXT 123
1429|TEXT
1430|aÂîRÂðSNú-¿ðÃNõI±ij±ðÃ-Õ±õþy õíSd h
1431|'úõþNõþ' Ûn± ›¶tRÂõþ, '÷d' Îáh± õÔµ±õd N 123 N
1432|caturdase-divyonmada-arambha varnana
1433|'sarira' etha prabhura, 'mana' gela vrndavana
1434|SYNONYMS
1435|caturdase-in the Fourteenth Chapter; divya-unmada-arambha-
>|the beginning of the spiritual trance of Sri Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu; varnana-describing; sarira-the body; etha-here;
>|prabhura-of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu; mana-the mind; gela-
>|went; vrndavana-to Vrndavana.
1436|TRANSLATION
1437|The Fourteenth Chapter describes the beginning of the Lord'
>|s spiritual trance, in which His body was at Jagannatha
>|Puri but His mind was in Vrndavana.
1438|Antya 20.124
1439|TEXT 124
1440|TEXT
1441|î±õþ ÷NsI ›¶tRÂõþ ¿uSýÃÃZ±Nõþ óîd h
1442|Õ¿¦š-u¿g-îÂI±á, ÕdRt±Nõõþ nÂ×ðAá÷ N 124 N
1443|tara madhye prabhura simha-dvare patana
1444|asthi-sandhi-tyaga, anubhavera udgama
1445|SYNONYMS
1446|tara madhye-in that chapter; prabhura-of Sri Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu; simha-dvare patana-falling down by the Simha-
>|dvara gate; asthi-sandhi-of the joints of the bones; tyaga-
>|release; anubhavera udgama-the awakening of a trance and
>|emotion.
1447|TRANSLATION
1448|Also in that chapter is a description of how Sri Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu fell down in front of the Simha-dvara gate of
>|the Jagannatha temple, His bones separated at the joints,
>|and how various transcendental symptoms awakened in Him.
1449|Antya 20.125
1450|TEXT 125
1451|TEXT
1452|aÂiÂLÁ-óõSî Îðÿm' ›¶tRÂõþ s±õd h
1453|î±õþ ÷NsI ›¶tRÂõþ ¿LÁrRà ›¶h±ó-õíSd N 125 N
1454|cataka-parvata dekhi' prabhura dhavana
1455|tara madhye prabhura kichu pralapa-varnana
1456|SYNONYMS
1457|cataka-parvata-the hill known as Cataka-parvata; dekhi'-
>|seeing; prabhura dhavana-the running of Sri Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu; tara madhye-in that chapter; prabhura-of Sri
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu; kichu-some; pralapa varnana-talking
>|like a madman.
1458|TRANSLATION
1459|Also in that chapter is a description of how Sri
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu ran toward Cataka-parvata and spoke
>|like a madman.
1460|Antya 20.126
1461|TEXT 126
1462|TEXT
1463|ó=ðÃú-ó¿õþN26ÃNðÃ-nÂ×ðÃI±d-¿õh±Nu h
1464|õÔµ±õdwN÷ l±ýÃÃD± LÁ¿õþh± ›¶NõNú N 126 N
1465|pancadasa-paricchede-udyana-vilase
1466|vrndavana-bhrame yahan karila pravese
1467|SYNONYMS
1468|pancadasa-paricchede-in the Fifteenth Chapter; udyana-
>|vilase-in His pastimes within the garden; vrndavana-bhrame-
>|His mistaking the garden for Vrndavana; yahan-where;
>|karila pravese-He entered.
1469|TRANSLATION
1470|In the Fifteenth Chapter is a description of how Sri
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu entered a garden on the seashore and
>|mistook it for Vrndavana.
1471|Antya 20.127
1472|TEXT 127
1473|TEXT
1474|î±õþ ÷NsI ›¶tRÂõþ óN=¿flþ-Õ±LÁø¸Sí h
1475|î±õþ ÷NsI LÁ¿õþh± õþ±Nu LÔÁøž-ÕNi¤ø¸í N 127 N
1476|tara madhye prabhura pancendriya-akarsana
1477|tara madhye karila rase krsna-anvesana
1478|SYNONYMS
1479|tara madhye-within that; prabhura-of Sri Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu; panca-indriya-akarsana-the attraction of the
>|five senses; tara madhye-within that chapter; karila-did;
>|rase-in the rasa dance; krsna-anvesana-searching for Krsna.
1480|TRANSLATION
1481|Also in that chapter is a description of the attraction of
>|Lord Caitanya's five senses to Krsna and how He searched
>|for Krsna in the rasa dance.
1482|Antya 20.128
1483|TEXT 128
1484|TEXT
1485|Îø¸±nÂlNú-LÁ±¿hðñNu ›¶tR LÔÁó± LÁ¿õþh± h
1486|ÆõøžNõ±¿26Ã(c)† m±ý×ÃÃõ±õþ ôÂh ÎðÃm±ý×ÃÃh± N 128 N
1487|sodase-kalidase prabhu krpa karila
1488|vaisnavocchista khaibara phala dekhaila
1489|SYNONYMS
1490|sodase-in the Sixteenth Chapter; kalidase -unto
>|Kalidasa; prabhu-Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu; krpa karila-
>|showed favor; vaisnava-ucchista khaibara-of eating the
>|remnants of food left by Vaisnavas; phala dekhaila-showed
>|the result.
1491|TRANSLATION
1492|The Sixteenth Chapter tells how Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu
>|showed His mercy to Kalidasa and thus demonstrated the
>|result of eating the remnants of the food of Vaisnavas.
1493|Antya 20.129
1494|TEXT 129
1495|TEXT
1496|¿úõ±dNµõþ õ±hNLÁ αLÁ LÁõþ±ý×ÃÃh± h
1497|¿uSýÃÃZ±Nõþ Z±õþN ›¶tRÂNõþ LÔÁøž ÎðÃm±ý×ÃÃh± N 129 N
1498|sivanandera balake sloka karaila
1499|simha-dvare dvari prabhure krsna dekhaila
1500|SYNONYMS
1501|sivanandera-of Sivananda Sena; balake-the son; sloka
>|karaila-made to compose a verse; simha-dvare-at the Simha-
>|dvara gate of the Jagannatha temple; dvari-the doorkeeper;
>|prabhure-unto Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu; krsna dekhaila-
>|showed Lord Krsna.
1502|TRANSLATION
1503|It also describes how Sivananda's son composed a verse and
>|how the doorkeeper of the Simha-dvara showed Krsna to Sri
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu.
1504|Antya 20.130
1505|TEXT 130
1506|TEXT
1507|÷ýÃñ›¶u±NðÃõþ î±ýÃÃD± ÷¿ýÃÃ÷± õ¿íSh± h
1508|LÔÁøž±sõþ±÷ÔNîÂõþ ôÂh-αLÁ Õ±¦¤±¿ðÃh± N 130 N
1509|maha-prasadera tahan mahima varnila
1510|krsnadharamrtera phala-sloka asvadila
1511|SYNONYMS
1512|maha-prasadera-of the remnants of the food of the Lord,
>|maha-prasadam; tahan-there; mahima-the glories; varnila-
>|described; krsna-adhara-amrtera-of the nectar from the lips
>|of Krsna; phala-sloka-the verse mentioning the result;
>|asvadila-tasted.
1513|TRANSLATION
1514|Also in that chapter, the glories of maha-prasadam are
>|explained, and a verse is tasted describing the effect of
>|nectar from the lips of Krsna.
1515|Antya 20.131
1516|TEXT 131
1517|TEXT
1518|u5ðÃNú-á±tÂN-÷NsI ›¶tRÂõþ óîd h
1519|LÓÁ÷S±LÁ±õþ-ÕdRt±Nõõþ î±ýÃÃD±ý×Ãà nÂ×ðÃá÷ N 131 N
1520|saptadase-gabhi-madhye prabhura patana
1521|kurmakara-anubhavera tahani udgama
1522|SYNONYMS
1523|saptadase-in the Seventeenth Chapter; gabhi-madhye-among
>|the cows; prabhura patana-the falling down of Sri Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu; kurma-akara-anubhavera-of ecstatic emotion in
>|the form of a tortoise; tahani-there; udgama-awakening.
1524|TRANSLATION
1525|the Seventeenth Chapter recounts how Sri Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu fell among the cows and assumed the form of a
>|tortoise as His ecstatic emotions awakened.
1526|Antya 20.132
1527|TEXT 132
1528|TEXT
1529|LÔÁNøžõþ ús-&Ní ›¶tRÂõþ ÷d Õ±LÁ¿ø¸Sh± h
1530|"LÁ±¦aI/ ÎîÂ" αNLÁõþ ÕnS Õ±NõNú LÁ¿õþh± N 132 N
1531|krsnera sabda-gune prabhura mana akarsila
1532|"ka stry anga te" slokera artha avese karila
1533|SYNONYMS
1534|krsnera-of Lord Krsna; sabda-gune-by the qualities of the
>|sound; prabhura-of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu; mana-the mind;
>|akarsila-was attracted; ka stry anga te slokera-of the
>|verse beginning with the words ka stry anga te; artha-the
>|meaning; avese-in ecstasy; karila-described.
1535|TRANSLATION
1536|That chapter also tells how the attributes of
>|Krsna's sound attracted the mind of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu,
>| who then described in ecstasy the meaning of the "ka stry
>|anga te" verse.
1537|Antya 20.133
1538|TEXT 133
1539|TEXT
1540|t±õ-ú±õNhI óRdÐ ÆLÁh± ›¶hód h
1541|LÁíS±÷ÔîÂ-αNLÁõþ ÕnS ÆLÁh± ¿õõõþí N 133 N
1542|bhava-sabalye punah kaila pralapana
1543|karnamrta-slokera artha kaila vivarana
1544|SYNONYMS
1545|bhava-sabalye-from the aggregate of all ecstatic emotions;
>|punah-again; kaila pralapana-He talked like a madman;
>|karnamrta-slokera-of a verse from Krsna-karnamrta; artha-
>|the meaning; kaila vivarana-described in detail.
1546|TRANSLATION
1547|The Seventeenth Chapter also tells how Sri Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu, due to the conjunction of various ecstatic
>|emotions, again began speaking like
>|a madman and described in detail the meaning of a verse
>|from the Krsna-karnamrta.
1548|Antya 20.134
1549|TEXT 134
1550|TEXT
1551|Õ(c)†±ðÃú ó¿õþN26ÃNðÃ-u÷RN^ óîd h
1552|LÔÁøž-Îá±óN-æÃhNLÁ¿h î±ýÃÃD± ðÃõþúd N 134 N
1553|astadasa paricchede-samudre patana
1554|krsna-gopi-jala-keli tahan darasana
1555|SYNONYMS
1556|astadasa paricchede-in the Eighteenth Chapter; samudre
>|patana-the Lord's falling into the ocean; krsna-gopi-jala-
>|keli-the water pastimes of Krsna and the gopis; tahan
>|darasana-seeing there.
1557|TRANSLATION
1558|In the Eighteenth Chapter is an account of how the Lord
>|fell into the ocean and in ecstasy saw in a dream the
>|pastimes of a water fight between Krsna and the gopis.
1559|Antya 20.135
1560|TEXT 135
1561|TEXT
1562|î±ýÃÃD±ý×Ãà Îðÿmh± LÔÁNøžõþ õdI-Ît±æÃd h
1563|æÃ±¿hlþ± nÂ×ê±ý×ÃÃh, ›¶tR ձý×ÃÃh± ¦¤-tÂõd N 135 N
1564|tahani dekhila krsnera vanya-bhojana
1565|jaliya uthaila, prabhu aila sva-bhavana
1566|SYNONYMS
1567|tahani-there; dekhila-He saw; krsnera-of Krsna; vanya-
>|bhojana-a picnic in the forest; jaliya-a fisherman; uthaila-
>|caught Him; prabhu-the Lord; aila-returned; sva-bhavana-to
>|His own residence.
1568|TRANSLATION
1569|In that dream, Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu saw Krsna's picnic
>|in the forest. As Lord Caitanya floated in the sea, a
>|fisherman caught Him, and then the Lord returned to His own
>|residence. All this is recounted in the Eighteenth Chapter.
1570|Antya 20.136
1571|TEXT 136
1572|TEXT
1573|Ød¿õSNú-¿tÂNMÃÃI ›¶tRÂõþ ÷RmuSâø¸Sí h
1574|LÔÁNøžõþ ¿õõþýÃÃ-¦£Ó¿îSÂ-›¶h±ó-õíSd N 136 N
1575|unavimse-bhittye prabhura mukha-sangharsana
1576|krsnera viraha-sphurti-pralapa-varnana
1577|SYNONYMS
1578|unavimse-in the Nineteenth Chapter; bhittye-on the walls;
>|prabhura mukha-sangharsana-the rubbing of the face of the
>|Lord; krsnera viraha-sphurti-the awakening of separation
>|from Krsna; pralapa-varnana-and talking like a crazy person.
1579|TRANSLATION
1580|In the Nineteenth Chapter is a description of how Lord Sri
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu rubbed His face against the walls and
>|spoke like a madman because of separation from Krsna.
1581|Antya 20.137
1582|TEXT 137
1583|TEXT
1584|õu(tm)L-õþæÃdNNî óRN(c)ó±ðÃI±Nd ¿õýÃÃõþí h
1585|LÔÁNøžõþ ÎuNõþtÂI-αNLÁõþ ÕnS-¿õõõþí N 137 N
1586|vasanta-rajanite puspodyane viharana
1587|krsnera saurabhya-slokera artha-vivarana
1588|SYNONYMS
1589|vasanta-rajanite-on a spring night; puspa-udyane-in a
>|flower garden; viharana-the wandering; krsnera-of Lord
>|Krsna; saurabhya-slokera-of a verse about the bodily
>|fragrance; artha-vivarana-describing the meaning.
1590|TRANSLATION
1591|That chapter also describes Krsna's wandering in a garden
>|on a spring night, and it fully describes the meaning of a
>|verse about the scent of Krsna's body.
1592|Antya 20.138
1593|TEXT 138
1594|TEXT
1595|¿õSú-ó¿õþN26ÃNðÃ-¿dæÃ-'¿úŽÂ±(c)†LÁ' ó¿nÂllþ± h
1596|î±õþ ÕnS Õ±¦¤±¿ðÃh± Λ¶÷±¿õ(c)† ýÃÃÛž± N 138 N
1597|vimsa-paricchede-nija-'siksastaka' padiya
1598|tara artha asvadila premavista hana
1599|SYNONYMS
1600|vimsa-paricchede-in the Twentieth Chapter; nija-siksastaka
>|padiya-reciting His own Siksastaka verses; tara artha-their
>|meaning; asvadila-tasted; prema-avista hana-being absorbed
>|in ecstatic love.
1601|TRANSLATION
1602|the Twentieth Chapter tells how Lord Sri Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu recited His own eight stanzas of instruction and
>|tasted their meaning in ecstatic love.
1603|Antya 20.139
1604|TEXT 139
1605|TEXT
1606|tÂNMà ¿úm±ý×ÃÃNî Îlý×Ãà ¿úŽÂ±(c)†LÁ LÁ¿ýÃÃh± h
1607|Îuý×Ãà αLÁ±(c)†NLÁõþ ÕnS óRdÐ Õ±¦¤±¿ðÃh± N 139 N
1608|bhakte sikhaite yei siksastaka kahila
1609|sei slokastakera artha punah asvadila
1610|SYNONYMS
1611|bhakte-the devotees; sikhaite-to teach; yei-that which;
>|siksa-astaka-eight instructions; kahila-described; sei
>|sloka-astakera-of the same eight verses; artha-the meaning;
>|punah asvadila-again He tasted.
1612|TRANSLATION
1613|Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu composed those eight stanzas to
>|instruct the devotees, but He also personally tasted their
>|meaning.
1614|Antya 20.140
1615|TEXT 140
1616|TEXT
1617|÷RmI-÷RRmI-hNh±õþ ÕnS LÁ¿õþhRD LÁnd h
1618|'ÕdRõ±ðÃ' ÆýÃÃNî ¦œNõþ ¢¶Lš-¿õõõþí N 140 N
1619|mukhya-mukhya-lilara artha karilun kathana
1620|'anuvada' haite smare grantha-vivarana
1621|SYNONYMS
1622|mukhya-mukhya-lilara-of the chief pastimes of Lord Sri
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu; artha-the meaning; karilun-have done;
>|kathana-describing; anuvada haite-by repeating;
>|smare-one remembers; grantha-vivarana-the description in
>|the book.
1623|TRANSLATION
1624|I have thus repeated the principal pastimes and their
>|meaning, for by such repetition one can remember the
>|descriptions in the book.
1625|Antya 20.141
1626|TEXT 141
1627|TEXT
1628|ÛLÁ ÛLÁ ó¿õþN26ÃNðÃõþ LÁn±-ÕNdLÁ ›¶LÁ±õþ h
1629|÷RmI-÷RmI LÁ¿ýÃÃhRD, LÁn± d± l±lþ ¿õ(tm)¦±õþ N 141 N
1630|eka eka paricchedera katha-aneka-prakara
1631|mukhya-mukhya kahilun, katha na yaya vistara
1632|SYNONYMS
1633|eka eka paricchedera-of every chapter; katha-description;
>|aneka-prakara-different varieties; mukhya-mukhya kahilun-I
>|have repeated only the principal ones; katha-discussions;
>|na yaya-not possible; vistara-expansion.
1634|TRANSLATION
1635|In every chapter there are various topics, but I have
>|repeated only those that are principal, for not all of them
>|could be described again.
1636|Antya 20.142–143
1637|TEXTS 142–143
1638|TEXT
1639|Mõþ±s±-uýÃà 'M÷ðÃdN÷±ýÃÃd' h
1640|Mõþ±s±-uýÃà 'MN᱿õµ'-aÂõþí N 142 N
1641|Mõþ±s±-uýÃÃ Mh 'MNá±óNd±n' h
1642|Ûý×Ãà ¿îd ê±LRÁõþ ýÃÃlþ 'ÎáN¿nÂllþ±õþ d±n' N 143 N
1643|sri-radha-saha 'sri-madana-mohana'
1644|sri-radha-saha 'sri-govinda'-carana
1645|sri-radha-saha srila 'sri-gopinatha'
1646|ei tina thakura haya 'gaudiyara natha'
1647|SYNONYMS
1648|sri-radha-saha-with Srimati Radharani; sri-madana-mohana-
>|the Deity Madana-mohanaji; sri-radha-saha-with Srimati
>|Radharani; sri-govinda-carana-the lotus feet of Sri
>|Govindaji; sri-radha-saha-with Srimati Radharani; srila sri-
>|gopinatha-the all-beautiful and opulent Gopinathaji; ei
>|tina-all these three; thakura-Deities; haya-are; gaudiyara
>|natha-worshipable by all the Gaudiya Vaisnavas.
1649|TRANSLATION
1650|The Vrndavana Deities of Madana-mohana with Srimati
>|Radharani, Govinda with Srimati Radharani, and Gopinatha
>|with Srimati Radharani are the life and soul of the Gaudiya
>|Vaisnavas.
1651|Antya 20.144–146
1652|TEXTS 144–146
1653|
1654|TEXT
1655|MLÔÁøžÍaÂîdI, MlRî ¿dîÂI±dµ h
1656|MÕÍZîÂ-Õ±a±lS, MNáNõþtÂMÃõÔµ N 144 N
1657|M¦¤õþ+ó, Mõþ+ó, Mud±îd h
1658|M& MõþâRd±n, MæÃNõaÂõþí N 145 N
1659|¿dæÃ-¿úNõþ s¿õþ' Ûý×Ãà uõ±õþ aÂõþí h
1660|l±ýÃñ ÆýÃÃNî ýÃÃlþ uõ õ±¿>îÂ-óÓõþí N 146 N
1661|sri-krsna-caitanya, sri-yuta nityananda
1662|sri-advaita-acarya, sri-gaura-bhakta-vrnda
1663|sri-svarupa, sri-rupa, sri-sanatana
1664|sri-guru sri-raghunatha, sri-jiva-carana
1665|nija-sire dhari' ei sabara carana
1666|yaha haite haya saba vanchita-purana
1667|SYNONYMS
1668|sri-krsna-caitanya-Lord Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu; sri-yuta
>|nityananda-Lord Nityananda; sri-advaita-acarya-Sri Advaita
>|Prabhu; sri-gaura-bhakta-vrnda-the devotees of Sri Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu; sri-svarupa-Svarupa Damodara Gosvami; sri-rupa-
>|Sri Rupa Gosvami; sri-sanatana-Srila Sanatana Gosvami; sri-
>|guru-the spiritual master; sri-raghunatha-Raghunatha dasa
>|Gosvami; sri-jiva-carana-the lotus feet of Srila Jiva
>|Gosvami; nija-sire dhari'-catching on my head; ei sabara
>|carana-the lotus feet of all of them; yaha haite-by which
>|action; haya-there is; saba-all; vanchita-purana-the
>|fulfilling of desires.
1669|TRANSLATION
1670|So that my desires may be fulfilled, I place the lotus feet
>|of these personalities on my head: Lord Sri Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu, with Lord Nityananda, Advaita Acarya and Their
>|devotees, as well as Sri Svarupa Damodara Gosvami, Sri Rupa
>|Gosvami, Sri Sanatana Gosvami, Sri Raghunatha dasa Gosvami,
>|who is my spiritual master, and Srila Jiva Gosvami.
1671|PURPORT
1672|Srila Raghunatha dasa Gosvami was the instructing spiritual
>|master of Krsnadasa Kaviraja Gosvami and has therefore been
>|described as sri-guru.
1673|Antya 20.147
1674|TEXT 147
1675|TEXT
1676|uõ±õþ aÂõþí-LÔÁó±-'& nÂ×ó±sI±lþN' h
1677|Î÷±õþ õ±íN-¿úø¸I±, î±Nõþ õUî d±a±ý×Ãà N 147 N
1678|sabara carana-krpa-'guru upadhyayi'
1679|mora vani-sisya, tare bahuta nacai
1680|SYNONYMS
1681|sabara-of all of them; carana-krpa-the mercy of the lotus
>|feet; guru upadhyayi-my teacher of Vedic instruction; mora
>|vani-my words; sisya-the disciples; tare-them; bahuta nacai-
>|I made dance in various ways.
1682|TRANSLATION
1683|The mercy of their lotus feet is my spiritual master, and
>|my words are my disciples, whom I have made dance in
>|various ways.
1684|PURPORT
1685|Upadhyayi, or upadhyaya, refers to one who teaches when
>|approached (upetya adhiyate asmat). In the Manu-samhita it
>|is said:
1686|eka-desam tu vedasya vedangany api va punah
1687|yo 'dhyapayati vrtty -artham upadhyayah sa ucyate
1688|"One who teaches others a part of the Vedas or literatures
>|supplementary to the Vedas may be called upadhyaya."
>|Upadhyaya also refers to one who teaches art.
1689|Antya 20.148
1690|TEXT 148
1691|TEXT
1692|¿úø¸I±õþ |÷ Îðÿm' & d±a±d õþ±¿mh± h
1693|'LÔÁó±' d± d±a±lþ, 'õ±íN' õ¿ulþ± õþ¿ýÃÃh± N 148 N
1694|sisyara srama dekhi' guru nacana rakhila
1695|'krpa' na nacaya, 'vani' vasiya rahila
1696|SYNONYMS
1697|sisyara-of the disciples; srama-the fatigue; dekhi'-seeing;
>|guru-the spiritual master; nacana rakhila-stopped causing
>|the dancing; krpa-mercy; na nacaya-does not make dance;
>|vani-the words; vasiya-sitting down; rahila-remain silent.
1698|TRANSLATION
1699|Seeing the fatigue of the disciples, the spiritual master
>|has stopped making them dance, and because that mercy no
>|longer makes them dance, my words now sit silently.
1700|Antya 20.149
1701|TEXT 149
1702|TEXT
1703|Õ¿dóRí± õ±íN Õ±óNd d±¿aÂNî d± æÃ±Nd h
1704|lî d±a±ý×ÃÃh±, d±¿aÂ' LÁ¿õþh± ¿õ|±N÷ N 149 N
1705|anipuna vani apane nacite na jane
1706|yata nacaila, naci' karila visrame
1707|SYNONYMS
1708|anipuna vani-inexperienced words; apane-by themselves;
>|nacite-to dance; na-not; jane-know how; yata-whatever;
>|nacaila-caused to dance; naci'-after dancing; karila
>|visrame-took rest.
1709|TRANSLATION
1710|My inexperienced words do not know how to dance by
>|themselves. The mercy of the guru made them dance as much
>|as possible, and now, after dancing, they have taken rest.
1711|Antya 20.150
1712|TEXT 150
1713|TEXT
1714|uõ Î|±î±áNíõþ LÁ¿õþ aÂõþí õµd h
1715|lD±-uõ±õþ aÂõþí-LÔÁó±-qNtÂõþ LÁ±õþí N 150 N
1716|saba srota-ganera kari carana vandana
1717|yan-sabara carana-krpa-subhera karana
1718|SYNONYMS
1719|saba-all; srota-ganera-of the readers; kari-I do; carana
>|vandana-worshiping the lotus feet; yan-sabara-of all of
>|whom; carana-krpa-the mercy of the lotus feet; subhera
>|karana-the cause of all good fortune.
1720|TRANSLATION
1721|I now worship the lotus feet of all my readers, for by the
>|mercy of their lotus feet there is all good fortune.
1722|Antya 20.151
1723|TEXT 151
1724|TEXT
1725|ÆaÂîdIa¿õþî±÷Ôî Îlý×Ãà æÃd qNd h
1726|îD±õþ aÂõþí sRÛž± LÁNõþD± ÷R¿Ûž ó±Nd N 151 N
1727|Caitanya-caritamrta yei jana sune
1728|tanra carana dhuna karon muni pane
1729|SYNONYMS
1730|Caitanya-caritamrta-the description of Lord Sri Caitanya's
>|pastimes; yei jana sune-anyone who hears; tanra carana-his
>|lotus feet; dhuna-washing; karon-do; muni-I; pane-drinking.
1731|TRANSLATION
1732|If one hears the pastimes of Lord Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu
>|as described in Sri Caitanya-caritamrta, I wash his lotus
>|feet and drink the water.
1733|Antya 20.152
1734|TEXT 152
1735|TEXT
1736|Î|±î±õþ óðÃNõþíR LÁNõþD±Â ÷(tm)¦LÁ-tÓÂø¸í h
1737|Îî±÷õþ± Û-Õ÷Ôî ¿óNh uôÂh ÆýÃÃh |÷ N 152 N
1738|srotara pada-renu karon mastaka-bhusana
1739|tomara e-amrta pile saphala haila srama
1740|SYNONYMS
1741|srotara-of the audience; pada-renu-the dust of the lotus
>|feet; karon-I make; mastaka-bhusana-a decoration on my head;
>| tomara-all of you; e-amrta-this nectar; pile-having drunk;
>|sa-phala-successful; haila-has become; srama-my labor.
1742|TRANSLATION
1743|I decorate my head with the dust of the lotus feet of my
>|audience. Now you have all drunk this nectar, and therefore
>|my labor is successful.
1744|Antya 20.153
1745|TEXT 153
1746|TEXT
1747|Mõþ+ó-õþâRd±n-óNðà l±õþ Õ±ú h
1748|ÆaÂîdIa¿õþî±÷Ôî LÁNýÃà LÔÁøžðñu N 153 N
1749|sri-rupa-raghunatha-pade yara asa
1750|caitanya-caritamrta kahe krsnadasa
1751|SYNONYMS
1752|sri-rupa-Srila Rupa Gosvami; raghunatha-Srila Raghunatha
>|dasa Gosvami; pade-at the lotus feet; yara-whose; asa-
>|expectation; Caitanya-caritamrta-the book named Caitanya-
>|caritamrta; kahe-describes; krsnadasa-Srila Krsnadasa
>|Kaviraja Gosvami.
1753|TRANSLATION
1754|Praying at the lotus feet of Sri Rupa and Sri Raghunatha,
>|always desiring their mercy, I, Krsnadasa, narrate Sri
>|Caitanya-caritamrta, following in their footsteps.
1755|Antya 20.154
1756|TEXT 154
1757|TEXT
1758|a¿õþîÂ÷÷ÔîÂN÷îÂ4NhÍaÂîdI¿õNøž±Ð
1759|qtÂðÃ÷qtÂd±¿ú |Xlþ±¦¤±ðÃNlþðAÃlÐ h
1760|îÂðÃ÷hóðóN1/2 tÔÂ/î±N÷îÂI Îu±•ÃlþS
1761|õþulþ¿î õþu÷RÍ2aÂРΛ¶÷÷±s‰NLÁóÓõþ÷A N 154 N
1762|caritam amrtam etac chrila-caitanya-visnoh
1763| subha-dam asubha-nasi sraddhayasvadayed yah
1764|tad-amala-pada-padme bhrngatam etya so 'yam
1765| rasayati rasam uccaih prema-madhvika-puram
1766|SYNONYMS
1767|caritam-the character and activities; amrtam-nectarean;
>|etat-this; srila-most opulent; caitanya-Lord Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu; visnoh-of Him who is Lord Visnu Himself, the
>|Supreme Personality of Godhead; subha-dam-giving
>|auspiciousness; asubha-nasi-destroying all inauspiciousness;
>| sraddhaya-with faith and love; asvadayet-should taste; yah-
>|anyone who; tat-amala-pada-padme-at the spotless lotus feet
>|of the Supreme Personality of Godhead; bhrngatam etya-
>|becoming like a bumblebee; sah-that person; ayam-this;
>|rasayati-tastes; rasam-transcendental mellow; uccaih-a
>|large quantity; prema-madhvika-of the wine of ecstatic love;
>| puram-full.
1768|TRANSLATION
1769|Sri Caitanya-caritamrta is filled with the activities of
>|Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu, who is the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead Himself. It invokes all good fortune and destroys
>|everything inauspicious. If one tastes the nectar of Sri
>|Caitanya-caritamrta with faith and love, I become like a
>|bumblebee tasting the honey of transcendental love from his
>|lotus feet.
1770|Antya 20.155
1771|TEXT 155
1772|TEXT
1773|M÷ijðÃdNá±ó±h-Î᱿õµNðÃõ-îRÂ(c)†Nlþ h
1774|ÆaÂîdI±¿óSîÂ÷Nb¦îÂÍ2aÂîdIa¿õþî±÷ÔîÂ÷A N 155 N
1775|sriman-madana-gopala-
1776| govindadeva -tustaye
1777|caitanyarpitam astv etac
1778| caitanya-caritamrtam
1779|SYNONYMS
1780|srimat-all-beautiful; madana-gopala-of the Madana-
>|mohana Deity; govinda-deva-of the Sri Govindadeva
>|Deity in Vrndavana; tustaye-for the satisfaction; caitanya-
>|arpitam-offered to Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu; astu-let it be;
>|etat-this book; caitanya-caritamrtam-containing the
>|nectarean activities of Lord Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu.
1781|TRANSLATION
1782|Since this book, Caitanya-caritamrta, is now complete,
>|having been written for the satisfaction of the most
>|opulent Deities Madana-mohanaji and Govindaji, let it be
>|offered at the lotus feet of Sri Krsna Caitanyadeva.
1783|Antya 20.156
1784|TEXT 156
1785|TEXT
1786|ó¿õþ÷hõ±¿uîÂtRÂõdS
1787|¦¤õþNu±ij±¿ðÃîÂ-õþu:-Îõþ±h¥¤÷A h
1788|¿á¿õþsõþaÂõþí±Ny±æÃS
1789|LÁÐ mhR õþ¿uLÁÐ u÷NýÃÃNî ýÃñîRÂ÷A N 156 N
1790|parimala-vasita-bhuvanam
1791| sva-rasonmadita-rasajna-rolambam
1792|giridhara-caranambhojam
1793| kah khalu rasikah samihate hatum
1794|SYNONYMS
1795|parimala-with the scent; vasita-perfumed; bhuvanam-the
>|whole world; sva-rasa-unmadita-inspired by their own
>|mellows; rasa-jna-devotees; rolambam-like bumblebees;
>|giridhara-carana-ambhojam-the lotus feet of Lord Giridhari;
>|kah-who; khalu-certainly; rasikah-a realized soul; samihate
>|hatum-endeavors to give up.
1796|TRANSLATION
1797|Realized devotees are like bumblebees maddened by their own
>|mellows at Krsna's lotus feet. The scent of those lotus
>|feet perfumes the entire world. Who is the realized soul
>|that could give them up?
1798|Antya 20.157
1799|TEXT 157
1800|TEXT
1801|ú±NLÁ ¿ug3¿¢Ÿõ±NíNµN ÆæÃIN‡Â õÔµ±õd±(tm)LNõþ h
1802|uÓlS±N•ýÃÿuîÂó=÷I±S ¢¶NLš±•ÃlþS óÓíSî±S áîÂÐ N 157 N
1803|sake sindhv-agni-vanendau
1804| jyaisthe vrndavanantare
1805|suryahe 'sita-pancamyam
1806| grantho 'yam purnatam gatah
1807|SYNONYMS
1808|sake-in the Sakabda Era; sindhu-agni-vana-indau-in
>|1537; jyaisthe-in the month of Jyaistha (May-June);
>|vrndavana-antare-in the forest of Vrndavana; surya-ahe-on
>|the day of the sun (Sunday); asita-pancamyam-on the fifth
>|day of the dark fortnight; granthah-book; ayam-this (
>|Caitanya-caritamrta); purnatam-completion; gatah-achieved.
1809|TRANSLATION
1810|In Vrndavana in the year 1537 Sakabda Era [A.D 1615], in
>|the month of Jyaistha [May-June], on Sunday, the fifth day
>|of the waning moon, this Caitanya-caritamrta has been
>|completed.
1811|Thus end the Bhaktivedanta purports to Sri Caitanya-
>|caritamrta, Antya-lila, Twentieth Chapter, describing the
>|meaning of the Siksastaka and how the Lord tasted it
>|Himself.
1812|END OF THE ANTYA-LILA
1813|Antya Concluding Words
1814|Concluding Words
1815|Today, Sunday, November 10, 1974–corresponding to the 10th
>|of Kartika, Caitanya Era 488, the eleventh day of the dark
>|fortnight, the Rama-ekadasi-we have now finished the
>|English translation of Sri Krsnadasa Kaviraja Gosvami's Sri
>|Caitanya-caritamrta in accordance with the authorized order
>|of His Divine Grace Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura
>|Gosvami Maharaja, my beloved eternal spiritual master,
>|guide and friend. Although according to material vision His
>|Divine Grace Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura
>|Prabhupada passed away from this material world on the last
>|day of December, 1936, I still consider His Divine Grace to
>|be always present with me by his vani, his words. There are
>|two ways of association-by vani and by vapuh. Vani means
>|words, and vapuh means physical presence. Physical presence
>|is sometimes appreciable and sometimes not, but vani
>|continues to exist eternally. Therefore we must take
>|advantage of the vani, not the physical presence. The
>|Bhagavad-gita, for example, is the vani of Lord Krsna.
>|Although Krsna was personally present five thousand years
>|ago and is no longer physically present from the
>|materialistic point of view, the Bhagavad-gita continues.
1816|In this connection we may call to memory the time when I
>|was fortunate enough to meet His Divine Grace Srila
>|Prabhupada, sometime in the year 1922. Srila Prabhupada had
>|come to Calcutta from Sridhama Mayapur to start the
>|missionary activities of the Gaudiya Matha. He was sitting
>|in a house at Ulta Danga when through the inducement of an
>|intimate friend, the late Sriman Narendranath Mullik, I
>|had the opportunity to meet His Divine Grace for the first
>|time. I do not remember the actual date of the meeting, but
>|at that time I was one of the managers of Dr. Bose's
>|laboratory in Calcutta. I was a newly married young man,
>|addicted to Gandhi's movement and dressed in khadi.
>|Fortunately, even at our first meeting His Divine Grace
>|advised me to preach the cult of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu in
>|English in the Western countries. Because at that time I
>|was a complete nationalist, a follower of Mahatma Gandhi's,
>|I submitted to His Divine Grace that unless our country
>|were freed from foreign subjugation, no one would hear the
>|message of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu seriously. Of course, we
>|had some argument on this subject, but at last I was
>|defeated and convinced that Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu's
>|message is the only panacea for suffering humanity. I was
>|also convinced that the message of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu
>|was then in the hands of a very expert devotee and that
>|surely the message of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu would spread
>|all over the world. I could not, however, immediately take
>|up his instructions to preach, but I took his words very
>|seriously and was always thinking of how to execute his
>|order, although I was quite unfit to do so.
1817|In this way I passed my life as a householder until 1950,
>|when I retired from family life as a vanaprastha. With no
>|companion, I loitered here and there until 1958, when I
>|took sannyasa. Then I was completely ready to discharge the
>|order of my spiritual master. Previously, in 1936, just
>|before His Divine Grace passed away at Jagannatha Puri, I
>|wrote him a letter asking what I could do to serve him. In
>|reply, he wrote me a letter, dated 13 December 1936,
>|ordering me, in the same way, to preach in English the cult
>|of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu as I had heard it from him.
1818|After he passed away, I started the fortnightly magazine
>|Back to Godhead sometime in 1944 and tried to spread the
>|cult of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu through this magazine.
>|After I took sannyasa, a well-wishing friend suggested that
>|I write books instead of magazines. Magazines, he said,
>|might be thrown away, but books remain perpetually. Then I
>|attempted to write Srimad-Bhagavatam. Before that, when I
>|was a householder, I had written on Srimad Bhagavad-gita
>|and had completed about eleven hundred pages, but somehow
>|or other the manuscript was stolen. In any case, when I had
>|published Srimad-Bhagavatam, First Canto, in three volumes
>|in India, I thought of going to the U.S.A. By the mercy of
>|His Divine Grace, I was able to come to New York on
>|September 17, 1965. Since then, I have translated many
>|books, including Srimad-Bhagavatam, the Bhakti-rasamrta-
>|sindhu, Teachings of Lord Caitanya (a summary) and many
>|others.
1819|In the meantime, I was induced to translate Sri Caitanya-
>|caritamrta and publish it in an elaborate version. In his
>|leisure time in later life, His Divine Grace
>|Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura would simply read Sri
>|Caitanya-caritamrta. It was his favorite book. He used to
>|say that there would be a time when foreigners would
>|learn the Bengali language to read the Caitanya-caritamrta.
>|The work on this translation began about eighteen months
>|ago. Now, by the grace of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu and His
>|Divine Grace Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura, it is
>|finished. In this connection I have to thank my American
>|disciples, especially Sriman Pradyumna dasa Adhikari,
>|Sriman Nitai dasa Adhikari, Sriman Jayadvaita dasa
>|Brahmacari and many other boys and girls who are sincerely
>|helping me in writing, editing and publishing all these
>|literatures.
1820|I think that His Divine Grace Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati
>|Thakura is always seeing my activities and guiding me
>|within my heart by his words. As it is said in Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam, tene brahma hrda ya adi-kavaye [SB 1.1.1].
>|Spiritual inspiration comes from within the heart, wherein
>|the Supreme Personality of Godhead, in His Paramatma
>|feature, is always sitting with all His devotees and
>|associates. It is to be admitted that whatever translation
>|work I have done is through the inspiration of my spiritual
>|master , because personally I am most insignificant and
>|incompetent to do this materially impossible work. I do not
>|think myself a very learned scholar, but I have full faith
>|in the service of my spiritual master, His Divine Grace
>|Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura. If there is any
>|credit to my activities of translating, it is all due to
>|His Divine Grace. Certainly if His Divine Grace were
>|physically present at this time, it would have been a great
>|occasion for jubilation, but even though he is not
>|physically present, I am confident that he is very much
>|pleased by this work of translation. He was very fond of
>|seeing many books published to spread the Krsna
>|consciousness movement. Therefore our society, the
>|International Society for Krishna Consciousness, has been
>|formed to execute the order of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu and
>|His Divine Grace Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura.
1821|It is my wish that devotees of Lord Caitanya all over the
>|world enjoy this translation, and I am glad to express my
>|gratitude to the learned men in the Western countries who
>|are so pleased with my work that they are ordering in
>|advance all my books that will be published in the future.
>|On this occasion, therefore, I request my disciples who are
>|determined to help me in this work to continue their
>|cooperation fully, so that philosophers, scholars,
>|religionists and people in general all over the world will
>|benefit by reading our transcendental literatures , such as
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam and Sri Caitanya-caritamrta.
1822|Thus end the Bhaktivedanta purports to Sri Caitanya-
>|caritamrta, dated November 10, 1974, at the Bhaktivedanta
>|Book Trust, Hare Krishna Land, Juhu, Bombay.
1823| 05. Other Books by Srila Prabhupada Reviews
1824|Teachings of Lord Caitanya
1825|Reviews
1826| Preface
1827| Prologue
1828| Mission
1829| Intoduction
1830| 1. Teachings to Rupa Gosvami
1831| 2. Sanatana Gosvami
1832| 3. Teachings to Sanatana Gosvami
1833| 4. The Wise Man
1834| 5. How to Approach God
1835| 6. His Forms Are One and the Same
1836| 7. Unlimited Forms of Godhead
1837| 8. The Avataras
1838| 9. The Opulences of Krsna
1839| 10. The Beauty of Krsna
1840| 11. Service to the Lord
1841| 12. The Devotee
1842| 13. Devotional Service in Attachment
1843| 14. The Ecstasy of the Lord and His Devotees
1844| 15. Explanation of the Atmarama Verse in Srimad Bhagavatam
1845| 16. Conclusion of Teachings to Sanatana Gosvami
1846| 17. Lord Caitanya, the Original Personality of Godhead
1847| 18. The Conversations with Prakasananda
1848| 19. Further Talks with Prakasananda
1849| 20. The Goal of Vedanta Study
1850| 21. The Mayavadi Philosophers are Converted
1851| 22. The Srimad Bhagavatam
1852| 23. Why Study the Vedanta-sutra?
1853| 24. Talks with Sarvabhauma Bhattacarya
1854| 25. Personal and Impersonal Realization
1855| 26. Bhattacarya is Converted
1856| 27. Lord Caitanya and Ramananda Raya
1857| 28. Relationship with the Supreme
1858| 29. Pure Love for Krsna
1859| 30. The Transcendental Pastimes of Radha and Krsna
1860| 31. The Supreme Perfection
1861| 32. Conclusion
1862|
1863|TLC Dedication
1864|Dedication
1865|
1866|Dedicated To
1867|
1868|The Sacred Service
1869|of
1870|SRILA SACCIDANANDA BHAKTIVINODA THAKURA
1871|Who Initiated The Teachings of Lord Chaitanya
1872|in
1873|The Western World
1874|(McGill University, Canada)
1875|in 1896
1876|The Year of My Birth
1877|
1878|A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami
1879|TLC Acknowledgement
1880|Acknowledgement
1881|
1882|My thankful acknowledgement is due to Sriman Brahmananda
>|Brahmachary (Mr. Bruce Scharf), Sriman Gargamuni
>|Brahmachary (Mr. Gregory Scharf) and Sriman Satyabrata
>|Brahmachary (Mr. Stanley Moskowitz) for their financial
>|help for this publication, and I beg to thank Sriman
>|Rayarama Brahmachary (Mr. Raymond Marais), Sriman
>|Satsvarupa Brahmachary (Mr. Stephen Guarino and Sriman
>|Madhusudana Brahmachary (Mr. Michael Blumert) for editing
>|and typing the manuscript, and Sriman Goursundar Das
>|Adhikary (Mr. Gary McElroy) and his good wife Srimati
>|Govinda Dasi (Mrs. Bonny McElroy) who are always engaged to
>|see to my personal comforts and I am so much obliged to
>|them for their drawing all the nice pictures contained in
>|this great publication.
1883|All glories to the devotees engaged in the matter of
>|Krishna Consciousness. I am sure that Lord Sri Krishna
>|Chaitanya Mahaprabhu will bestow His Causeless Mercy upon
>|everyone who is engaged in pushing the cause of Krishna
>|Consciousness.
1884|A.C.B.
1885|TLC Preface
1886|Preface
1887|There is no difference between the teachings of Lord
>|Caitanya presented here and the teachings of Lord Krsna in
>|the Bhagavad-gita. The teachings of Lord Caitanya are
>|practical demonstrations of Lord Krsna's teachings. Lord
>|Krsna's ultimate instruction in Bhagavad-gita is that
>|everyone should surrender unto Him, Lord Krsna. Krsna
>|promises to take immediate charge of such a surrendered
>|soul. The Lord, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, is
>|already in charge of the maintenance of this creation by
>|virtue of His plenary expansion, Ksirodakasayi Visnu, but
>|this maintenance is not direct. However, when the Lord says
>|that He takes charge of His pure devotee, He actually takes
>|direct charge. A pure devotee is a soul who is forever
>|surrendered to the Lord, just as a child is surrendered to
>|his parents or an animal to its master. In the surrendering
>|process, one should: (1) accept things favorable for
>|discharging devotional service, (2) reject things
>|unfavorable, (3) believe firmly in the Lord's protection, (
>|4) feel exclusively dependent on the mercy of the Lord, (5)
>|have no interest separate from the interest of the Lord,
>|and (6) always feel oneself meek and humble.
1888|The Lord demands that one surrender unto Him by following
>|these six guidelines, but the unintelligent so-called
>|scholars of the world misunderstand these demands and urge
>|the general mass of people to reject them. At the
>|conclusion of the Ninth Chapter of Bhagavad-gita, Lord
>|Krsna directly says: "Engage your mind always in thinking
>|of Me, offer obeisances and worship Me. Being completely
>|absorbed in Me, surely you will come to Me." (Bg. 9.34)
>|However, the scholarly demons misguide the masses of people
>|by directing them to the impersonal, unmanifest, eternal,
>|unborn truth rather than the Personality of Godhead. The
>|impersonalist Mayavadi philosophers do not accept that the
>|ultimate aspect of the Absolute Truth is the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead. If one desires to understand the
>|sun as it is, one must first face the sunshine, then the
>|sun globe and, after entering into that globe, come face to
>|face with the predominating deity of the sun. Due to a poor
>|fund of knowledge, the Mayavadi philosophers cannot go
>|beyond the Brahman effulgence, which may be compared to the
>|sunshine. The Upanisads confirm that one has to penetrate
>|the dazzling effulgence of Brahman before one can see the
>|real face of the Personality of Godhead.
1889|Lord Caitanya therefore teaches direct worship of Lord
>|Krsna, who appeared as the foster child of the King of
>|Vraja. He also suggests that the place known as Vrndavana
>|is as good as Lord Krsna because there is no difference
>|between the name, quality, form, pastimes, entourage and
>|paraphernalia of Lord Krsna and Lord Krsna Himself. That is
>|the absolute nature of the Absolute Truth.
1890|Lord Caitanya also recommended that the highest mode of
>|worship in the highest perfectional stage is the method
>|practiced by the damsels of Vraja. These damsels (gopis, or
>|cowherd girls) simply loved Krsna without a motive for
>|material or spiritual gain. Caitanya also recommended
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam as the spotless narration of
>|transcendental knowledge, and He pointed out that the
>|highest goal in human life is to develop unalloyed love for
>|Krsna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead.
1891|Lord Caitanya's teachings are identical to those given by
>|Lord Kapila, the original propounder of sankhya-yoga, the
>|sankhya system of philosophy. This authorized system of
>|yoga recommends meditation on the transcendental form of
>|the Lord. There is no question of meditating on something
>|void or impersonal. One can meditate on the transcendental
>|form of Lord Visnu even without practicing involved sitting
>|postures. Such meditation is called perfect samadhi. This
>|perfect samadhi is verified at the end of the Sixth Chapter
>|of Bhagavad-gita where Lord Krsna says: "And of all yogis,
>|he who always abides in Me with great faith, worshiping Me
>|in transcendental loving service, is most intimately united
>|with Me in yoga and is the highest of all." (Bg. 6.47)
1892|Lord Caitanya instructed the mass of people in the sankhya
>|philosophy of acintya-bhedabheda-tattva, which maintains
>|that the Supreme Lord is simultaneously one with and
>|different from His creation. Lord Caitanya taught this
>|philosophy through the chanting of the holy name of the
>|Lord. He taught that the holy name of the Lord is the sound
>|incarnation of the Lord and that since the Lord is the
>|absolute whole, there is no difference between His holy
>|name and His transcendental form. Thus by chanting the holy
>|name of the Lord one can directly associate with the
>|Supreme Lord by sound vibration. As one practices this
>|sound vibration, he passes through three stages of
>|development: the offensive stage, the clearing stage and
>|the transcendental stage. In the offensive stage one may
>|desire all kinds of material happiness, but in the second
>|stage one becomes clear of all material contamination. When
>|one is situated on the transcendental stage, he attains the
>|most coveted position-the stage of loving God. Lord
>|Caitanya taught that this is the highest stage of
>|perfection for human beings.
1893|Yoga practice is essentially meant for controlling the
>|senses. The central controlling factor of all the senses is
>|the mind; therefore one first has to practice controlling
>|the mind by engaging it in Krsna consciousness. The gross
>|activities of the mind are expressed through the external
>|senses, either for the acquiring of knowledge or the
>|functioning of the senses in accordance to the will. The
>|subtle activities of the mind are thinking, feeling and
>|willing. In accordance to one's consciousness, the
>|individual is either polluted or clear. If one's mind is
>|fixed on Krsna (His name, quality, form, pastimes,
>|entourage and paraphernalia), all one's activities-both
>|subtle and gross-become favorable. The Bhagavad-gita's
>|process of purifying consciousness is the process of fixing
>|one's mind on Krsna by talking of His transcendental
>|activities, cleansing His temple, going to His temple,
>|seeing the beautiful transcendental form of the Lord nicely
>|decorated, hearing His transcendental glories, tasting food
>|offered to Him, associating with His devotees, smelling the
>|flowers and tulasi leaves offered Him, engaging in
>|activities for the Lord's interest, etc. No one can bring
>|the activities of the mind and senses to a stop, but one
>|can purify these activities through a change in
>|consciousness. This change is indicated in Bhagavad-gita
>|when Krsna tells Arjuna of the knowledge of yoga whereby
>|one can work without fruitive results. "O son of Prtha,
>|when you act by such intelligence, you can free yourself
>|from the bondage of works." (Bg. 2.39) A human being is
>|sometimes restricted in sense gratification due to certain
>|circumstances such as disease, etc., but this is not the
>|prescription. Without knowing the actual process by which
>|the mind and senses can be controlled, less intelligent men
>|either try to stop the mind and senses by force, or they
>|give in to them and are carried away by the waves of sense
>|gratification.
1894|The regulative principles and the rules of yoga, the
>|various sitting postures and breathing exercises performed
>|in an attempt to withdraw one's senses from the sense
>|objects are methods meant for those who are too much
>|engrossed in the bodily conception of life. The intelligent
>|man who is situated in Krsna consciousness does not try to
>|forcibly stop his senses from acting. Rather, he engages
>|his senses in the service of Krsna. No one can stop a child
>|from playing by leaving him inactive. A child can be
>|stopped from engaging in nonsense by being engaged in
>|superior activities. The forceful restraint of sense
>|activities by the eight principles of yoga is recommended
>|for inferior men. Being engaged in the superior activities
>|of Krsna consciousness, superior men naturally retire from
>|the inferior activities of material existence.
1895|In this way Lord Caitanya teaches the science of Krsna
>|consciousness. That science is absolute. Dry mental
>|speculators try to restrain themselves from material
>|attachment, but it is generally found that the mind is too
>|strong to be controlled and that it drags them down to
>|sensual activities. A person in Krsna consciousness does
>|not run this risk. One has to engage his mind and senses in
>|Krsna conscious activities, and Lord Caitanya teaches one
>|how to do this in practice.
1896|Before accepting sannyasa (the renounced order), Lord
>|Caitanya was known as Visvambhara. The word visvambhara
>|refers to one who maintains the entire universe and who
>|leads all living entities. This maintainer and leader
>|appeared as Lord Sri Krsna Caitanya to give humanity these
>|sublime teachings. Lord Caitanya is the ideal teacher of
>|life's prime necessities. He is the most munificent
>|bestower of love of Krsna. He is the complete reservoir of
>|all mercies and good fortune. As confirmed in Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam, Bhagavad-gita, Mahabharata and the Upanisads,
>|He is the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Krsna Himself,
>|and He is worshipable by everyone in this age of
>|disagreement. Everyone can join in His sankirtana movement.
>|No previous qualification is necessary. just by following
>|His teachings, anyone can become a perfect human being. If
>|one is fortunate enough to be attracted by His features,
>|one is sure to be successful in one's life mission. In
>|other words, those who are interested in attaining
>|spiritual existence can be easily relieved from the
>|clutches of maya by the grace of Lord Caitanya. These
>|teachings presented in this book are nondifferent from the
>|Lord.
1897|Being engrossed in the material body, the conditioned soul
>|increases the pages of history by all kinds of material
>|activities. The teachings of Lord Caitanya can help human
>|society stop such unnecessary and temporary activities. By
>|these teachings, humanity can be elevated to the topmost
>|platform of spiritual activity. These spiritual activities
>|actually begin after liberation from material bondage. Such
>|liberated activities in Krsna consciousness constitute the
>|goal of human perfection. The false prestige one acquires
>|by attempting to dominate material nature is illusory.
>|Illuminating knowledge can be acquired from the teachings
>|of Lord Caitanya, and by such knowledge one can advance in
>|spiritual existence.
1898|Everyone has to suffer or enjoy the fruits of his activity;
>|no one can check the laws of material nature which govern
>|such things. As long as one is engaged in fruitive activity,
>| he is sure to be baffled in an attempt to attain the
>|ultimate goal of life. I sincerely hope that by
>|understanding the teachings of Lord Caitanya, human society
>|will experience a new light of spiritual life which will
>|open the field of activity for the pure soul.
1899|Om Tat Sat
1900|A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami
1901|
1902|14 March 1968
1903|(Birthday of Lord Caitanya)
1904|Sri-Sri-Radha-Krsna Temple
1905|New York, N.Y.
1906|TLC Prologue
1907|Prologue
1908|by Bhaktivinoda Thakura
1909|[This account originally appeared in a short work by Srila
>|Bhaktivinoda Thakura entitled, "Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu:
>|His Life and Precepts." (August 20, 1896)]
1910|Caitanya Mahaprabhu was born in Mayapur in the town of
>|Nadia just after sunset on the evening of the 23rd Phalguna
>|1407 Sakabda, answering to the 18th of February, 1486, of
>|the Christian Era. The moon was eclipsed at the time of his
>|birth, and the people of Nadia were then engaged, as was
>|usual on such occasions, in bathing in the Bhagirathi with
>|loud cheers of Haribol. His father, Jagannatha Misra, a
>|poor brahmana of the Vedic order, and his mother, Saci-devi,
>| a model good woman, both descended from brahmana stock
>|originally residing in Sylhet. Mahaprabhu was a beautiful
>|child, and the ladies of the town came to see him with
>|presents. His mother's father, Pandita Nilambara Cakravarti,
>| a renowned astrologer, foretold that the child would be a
>|great personage in time; and he, therefore, gave him the
>|name Visvambhara. The ladies of the neighborhood styled him
>|Gaurahari on account of his golden complexion, and his
>|mother called him Nimai on account of the nimba tree near
>|which he was born. Beautiful as the lad was, everyone
>|heartily loved to see him every day. As he grew up he
>|became a whimsical and frolicsome lad. After his fifth year,
>| he was admitted into a pathasala where he picked up
>|Bengali in a very short time.
1911|Most of his contemporary biographers have mentioned certain
>|anecdotes regarding Caitanya which are simple records of
>|his early miracles. It is said that when he was an infant
>|in his mother's arms he wept continually, and when the
>|neighboring ladies cried Haribol he used to stop. Thus
>|there was a continuation of the utterance of Haribol in the
>|house, foreshewing the future mission of the hero. It has
>|also been stated that when his mother once gave him
>|sweetmeats to eat, he ate clay instead of the food. His
>|mother asking for the reason, he stated that as every
>|sweetmeat was nothing but clay transformed, he could eat
>|clay as well. His mother, who was also the consort of a
>|pandita, explained that every article in a special state
>|was adapted to a special use. Earth, while in the state of
>|a jug, could be used as a water pot, but in the state of a
>|brick such a use was not possible. Clay, therefore, in the
>|form of sweetmeats was usable as food, but clay in its
>|other states was not. The lad was convinced and admitted
>|his stupidity in eating clay and agreed to avoid the
>|mistake in the future. Another miraculous act has been
>|related. It is said that a brahmana on pilgrimage became a
>|guest in his house, cooked food and read grace with
>|meditation upon Krsna. In the meantime the lad came and ate
>|up the cooked rice. The brahmana, astonished at the lad's
>|act, cooked again at the request of Jagannatha Misra. The
>|lad again ate up the cooked rice while the brahmana was
>|offering the rice to Krsna with meditation. The brahmana
>|was persuaded to cook for the third time. This time all the
>|inmates of the house had fallen asleep, and the lad shewed
>|himself as Krsna to the traveler and blessed him. The
>|brahmana was then lost in ecstasy at the appearance of the
>|object of his worship. It has also been stated that two
>|thieves stole away the lad from his father's door with a
>|view to purloin his jewels and gave him sweetmeats on the
>|way. The lad exercised his illusory energy and deceived the
>|thieves back towards his own house. The thieves, for fear
>|of detection, left the boy there and fled. Another
>|miraculous act that has been described is the lad's
>|demanding and getting from Hiranya and Jagadisa all the
>|offerings they had collected for worshiping Krsna on the
>|day of Ekadasi. When only four years of age he sat on
>|rejected cooking pots which were considered unholy by his
>|mother. He explained to his mother that there was no
>|question of holiness and unholiness as regards earthen pots
>|thrown away after the cooking was over. These anecdotes
>|relate to his tender age up to the fifth year.
1912|In his eighth year, he was admitted into the tola of
>|Gangadasa Pandita in Ganganagara close by the village of
>|Mayapur. In two years he became well read in Sanskrit
>|grammar and rhetoric. His readings after that were of the
>|nature of self-study in his own house, where he had found
>|all-important books belonging to his father, who was a
>|pandita himself. It appears that he read the smrti in his
>|own study, and the nyaya also, in competition with his
>|friends, who were then studying under the celebrated
>|Pandita Raghunatha Siromani.
1913|Now, after the tenth year of his age, Caitanya became a
>|passable scholar in grammar, rhetoric, the smrti and the
>|nyaya. It was after this that his elder brother Visvarupa
>|left his house and accepted the asrama (status) of a
>|sannyasi (ascetic). Caitanya, though a very young boy,
>|consoled his parents, saying that he would serve them with
>|a view to please God. Just after that, his father left this
>|world. His mother was exceedingly sorry, and Mahaprabhu,
>|with his usual contented appearance, consoled his widowed
>|mother.
1914|It was at the age of 14 or 15 that Mahaprabhu was married
>|to Laksmidevi, the daughter of Vallabhacarya, also of Nadia.
>| He was at this age considered one of the best scholars of
>|Nadia, the renowned seat of nyaya philosophy and Sanskrit
>|learning. Not to speak of the smarta panditas, the
>|Naiyayikas were all afraid of confronting him in literary
>|discussions. Being a married man, he went to Eastern Bengal
>|on the banks of the Padma for acquirement of wealth. There
>|he displayed his learning and obtained a good sum of money.
>|It was at this time that he preached Vaisnavism at
>|intervals. After teaching him the principles of Vaisnavism,
>|he ordered Tapana Misra to go to and live in Benares.
>|During his residence in East Bengal, his wife Laksmidevi
>|left this world from the effects of snakebite. On returning
>|home, he found his mother in a mourning state. He consoled
>|her with a lecture on the uncertainty of human affairs. It
>|was at his mother's request that he married Visnupriya, the
>|daughter of Raja Pandita Sanatana Misra. His comrades
>|joined him on his return from pravasa or sojourn. He was
>|now so renowned that he was considered to be the best
>|pandita in Nadia. Kesava Misra of Kashmir, who had called
>|himself the Great Digvijayi, came to Nadia with a view to
>|discuss with the panditas of that place. Afraid of the so-
>|called conquering pandita, the tola professors of Nadia
>|left their town on pretence of Invitation. Kesava met
>|Mahaprabhu at the Barokona-ghata in Mayapur, and after a
>|very short discussion with him he was defeated by the boy,
>|and mortification obliged him to decamp. Nimai Pandita was
>|now the most important pandita of his times.
1915|It was at the age of 16 or 17 that he traveled to Gaya with
>|a host of his students and there took his spiritual
>|initiation from Isvara Puri, a Vaisnava sannyasi and a
>|disciple of the renowned Madhavendra Puri. Upon his return
>|to Nadia, Nimai Pandita turned religious preacher, and his
>|religious nature became so strongly represented that
>|Advaita Prabhu, Srivasa and others who had before the birth
>|of Caitanya already accepted the Vaisnava faith were
>|astonished at the change of the young man. He was then no
>|more a contending naiyayika, a wrangling smarta and a
>|criticising rhetorican. He swooned at the name of Krsna and
>|behaved as an inspired man under the influence of his
>|religious sentiment. It has been described by Murari Gupta,
>|an eyewitness, that he shewed his heavenly powers in the
>|house of Srivasa Pandita in the presence of hundreds of his
>|followers, who were mostly well-read scholars. It was at
>|this time that he opened a nocturnal school of kirtana in
>|the compound of Srivasa Pandita with his sincere followers.
>|There he preached, there he sang, there he danced, and
>|there he expressed all sorts of religious feelings.
>|Nityananda Prabhu, who was then a preacher of Vaisnavism
>|and who had then completed his travels all over India,
>|joined him by that time. In fact, a host of pandita
>|preachers of Vaisnavism, all sincere at heart, came and
>|joined him from different parts of Bengal. Nadia now became
>|the regular seat of a host of Vaisnava acaryas whose
>|mission it was to spiritualize mankind with the highest
>|influence of the Vaisnava creed.
1916|The first mandate that he issued to Prabhu Nityananda and
>|Haridasa was this: "Go, friends, go through the streets of
>|the town, meet every man at his door and ask him to sing
>|the name of Hari with a holy life, and you then come and
>|report to me every evening the result of your preaching."
>|Thus ordered, the two preachers went on and met Jagai and
>|Madhai, two most abominable characters. They insulted the
>|preachers on hearing Mahaprabhu's mandate, but were soon
>|converted by the influence of bhakti (devotion) inculcated
>|by their Lord. The people of Nadia were now surprised. They
>|said, "Nimai Pandita is not only a gigantic genius, but he
>|is certainly a missionary from God Almighty." From this
>|time to his twenty-third year, Mahaprabhu preached his
>|principles not only in Nadia but in all important towns and
>|villages around his city. In the houses of his followers he
>|shewed miracles, taught the esoteric principles of bhakti
>|and sang his sankirtana with other bhaktas. His followers
>|of the town of Nadia commenced to sing the holy name of
>|Hari in the streets and bazaars. This created a sensation
>|and roused different feelings in different quarters. The
>|bhaktas were highly pleased. The smarta brahmanas became
>|jealous of Nimai Pandita's success and complained to Chand
>|Kazi against the character of Caitanya as un-Hindu. The
>|Kazi came to Srivasa Pandita's house and broke a mrdanga (
>|khola drum) there and declared that unless Nimai Pandita
>|ceased to make noise about his queer religion he would be
>|obliged to enforce Mohammedanism on him and his followers.
>|This was brought to Mahaprabhu's notice. He ordered the
>|townspeople to appear in the evening, each with a torch in
>|his hand. This groups, and on his arrival in the Kazi's
>|house, he held a long conversation with the Kazi and in the
>|end communicated into his heart his Vaisnava influence by
>|touching his body. The Kazi then wept and admitted that he
>|had felt a keen spiritual influence which had cleared up
>|his doubts and produced in him a religious sentiment which
>|gave him the highest ecstasy. The Kazi then joined the
>|sankirtana party. The world was astonished at the spiritual
>|power of the Great Lord, and hundreds and hundreds of
>|heretics converted and joined the banner of Visvambhara
>|after this affair.
1917|It was after this that some of the jealous and low-minded
>|brahmanas of Kulia picked a quarrel with Mahaprabhu and
>|collected a party to oppose him. Nimai Pandita was
>|naturally a soft-hearted person, though strong in his
>|principles. He declared that party feelings and
>|sectarianism were the two great enemies of progress and
>|that as long as he should continue to be an inhabitant of
>|Nadia belonging to a certain family, his mission would not
>|meet with complete success. He then resolved to be a
>|citizen of the world by cutting his connection with his
>|particular family, caste and creed, and with this
>|resolution he embraced the position of a sannyasi at Katwa,
>|under the guidance of Kesava Bharati of that town, on the
>|24th year of his age. His mother and wife wept bitterly for
>|his separation, but our hero, though soft in heart, was a
>|strong person in principle. He left his little world in his
>|house for the unlimited spiritual world of Krsna with man
>|in general.
1918|After his sannyasa, he was induced to visit the house of
>|Advaita Prabhu in Santipura. Advaita managed to invite all
>|his friends and admirers from Nadia and brought Sacidevi to
>|see her son. Both pleasure and pain invaded her heart when
>|she saw her son in the attire of a sannyasi. As a sannyasi,
>|Krsna Caitanya put on nothing but a kaupina and a bahirvasa
>|(outer covering). His head was without hair, and his hands
>|bore a danda (stick) and a kamandalu (hermit's water pot).
>|The holy son fell at the feet of his beloved mother and
>|said, "Mother! This body is yours, and I must obey your
>|orders. Permit me to go to Vrndavana for my spiritual
>|attainments." The mother, in consultation with Advaita and
>|others, asked her son to reside in Puri (the town of
>|Jagannatha) so that she might obtain his information now
>|and then. Mahaprabhu agreed to that proposition and in a
>|few days left Santipura for Orissa. His biographers have
>|described the journey of Krsna Caitanya (that was the name
>|he got after his sannyasa) from Santipura to Puri in great
>|detail. He traveled along the side of the Bhagirathi as far
>|as Chatrabhoga, situated now in Thana Mathurapura, Diamond
>|Harbour, 24 Parganas. There he took a boat and went as far
>|as Prayaga-ghata in the Midnapura District. Thence he
>|walked through Balasore and Cuttack to Puri, seeing the
>|temple of Bhuvanesvara on his way. Upon his arrival at Puri
>|he saw Jagannatha in the temple and resided with
>|Sarvabhauma at the request of the latter. Sarvabhauma was a
>|gigantic pandita of the day. His readings knew no bounds.
>|He was the best naiyayika of the times and was known as the
>|most erudite scholar in the Vedanta philosophy of the
>|school of Sankaracarya. He was born in Nadia (Vidyanagara)
>|and taught innumerable pupils in the nyaya philosophy in
>|his tola there. He had left for Puri some time before the
>|birth of Nimai Pandita. His brother-in-law Gopinatha Misra
>|introduced our new sannyasi to Sarvabhauma, who was
>|astonished at his personal beauty and feared that it would
>|be difficult for the young man to maintain sannyasa-dharma
>|during the long run of his life. Gopinatha, who had known
>|Mahaprabhu from Nadia, had a great reverence for him and
>|declared that the sannyasi was not a common human being. On
>|this point Gopinatha and Sarvabhauma had a hot discussion.
>|Sarvabhauma then requested Mahaprabhu to hear his
>|recitation of the Vedanta-sutras, and the latter tacitly
>|submitted. Caitanya heard with silence what the great
>|Sarvabhauma uttered with gravity for seven days, at the end
>|of which the latter said, "Krsna Caitanya! I think you do
>|not understand the Vedanta, for you do not say anything
>|after hearing my recitation and explanations." The reply of
>|Caitanya was that he understood the sutras very well, but
>|he could not make out what Sankaracarya meant by his
>|commentaries. Astonished at this, Sarvabhauma said, "How is
>|it that you understand the meanings of the sutras and do
>|not understand the commentaries which explain the sutras?
>|All well! If you understand the sutras, please let me have
>|your interpretations." Mahaprabhu thereon explained all the
>|sutras in his own way without touching the pantheistic
>|commentary of Sankara. The keen understanding of
>|Sarvabhauma saw the truth, beauty and harmony of arguments
>|in the explanations given by Caitanya and obliged him to
>|utter that it was the first time that he had found one who
>|could explain the Brahma-sutras in such a simple manner. He
>|admitted also that the commentaries of Sankara never gave
>|such natural explanations of the Vedanta-sutras as he had
>|obtained from Mahaprabhu. He then submitted himself as an
>|advocate and follower. In a few days Sarvabhauma turned out
>|to be one of the best Vaisnavas of the time. When reports
>|of this came out, the whole of Orissa sang the praise of
>|Krsna Caitanya, and hundreds and hundreds came to him and
>|became his followers. In the meantime Mahaprabhu thought of
>|visiting Southern India, and he started with one Krsnadasa
>|Brahmana for the journey.
1919|His biographers have given us a detail of the journey. He
>|went first to Kurmaksetra, where he performed a miracle by
>|curing a leper named Vasudeva. He met Ramananda Raya, the
>|Governor of Vidyanagara, on the banks of the Godavari and
>|had a philosophical conversation with him on the subject of
>|prema-bhakti. He worked another miracle by touching (making
>|them immediately disappear) the seven tala trees through
>|which Ramacandra, the son of Dasaratha, had shot his arrow
>|and killed the great Bali Raja. He preached Vaisnavism and
>|nama-sankirtana throughout the journey. At Rangaksetra he
>|stayed for four months in the house of one Venkata Bhatta
>|in order to spend the rainy season. There he converted the
>|whole family of Venkata from Ramanuja Vaisnavism to Krsna-
>|bhakti, along with the son of Venkata, a boy of ten years
>|named Gopala, who afterwards came to Vrndavana and became
>|one of the six Gosvamis or prophets serving under their
>|leader Sri Krsna Caitanya. Trained up in Sanskrit by his
>|uncle Prabodhananda Sarasvati, Gopala wrote several books
>|on Vaisnavism.
1920|Caitanya visited numerous places in Southern India as far
>|as Cape Comorin and returned to Puri in two years by
>|Pandepura on the Bhima. In this latter place he
>|spiritualized one Tukarama, who became from that time a
>|religious preacher himself. This fact has been admitted in
>|his abhangas, which have been collected in a volume by Mr.
>|Satyendra Nath Tagore of the Bombay Civil Service. During
>|his journey he had discussions with the Buddhists, the
>|Jains and the Mayavadis in several places and converted his
>|opponents to Vaisnavism.
1921|Upon his return to Puri, Raja Prataparudra-deva and several
>|pandita brahmanas joined the banner of Caitanya Mahaprabhu.
>|He was now twenty-seven years of age. In his twenty-eighth
>|year he went to Bengal as far as Gauda in Malda. There he
>|picked up two great personages named Rupa and Sanatana.
>|Though descended from the lines of the Karnatic brahmanas,
>|these two brothers turned demi-Moslems by their continual
>|contact with Hussain Shah, the then Emperor of Gauda. Their
>|names had been changed by the Emperor into Dabira Khasa and
>|Sakara Mallika, and their master loved them heartily since
>|they were both learned in Persian, Arabic and Sanskrit and
>|were loyal servants of the state. The two gentlemen had
>|found no way to come back as regular Hindus and had written
>|to Mahaprabhu for spiritual help while he was at Puri.
>|Mahaprabhu had written in reply that he would come to them
>|and extricate them from their spiritual difficulties. Now
>|that he had come to Gauda, both the brothers appeared
>|before him with their long-standing prayer. Mahaprabhu
>|ordered them to go to Vrndavana and meet him there.
1922|Caitanya returned to Puri through Santipura, where he again
>|met his dear mother. After a short stay at Puri he left for
>|Vrndavana. This time he was accompanied by one Balabhadra
>|Bhattacarya. He visited Vrndavana and came down to Prayaga (
>|Allahabad), converting a large number of Mohammedans to
>|Vaisnavism by argument from the Koran. The descendants of
>|those converts are still known as Pathana Vaisnavas. Rupa
>|Gosvami met him at Allahabad. Caitanya trained him up in
>|spirituality in ten days and directed him to go to
>|Vrndavana on missions. His first mission was to write
>|theological works explaining scientifically pure bhakti and
>|prema. The second mission was to revive the places where
>|Krsnacandra had in the end of Dvapara-yuga exhibited His
>|spiritual lila (pastimes) for the benefit of the religious
>|world. Rupa Gosvami left Allahabad for Vrndavana, and
>|Mahaprabhu came down to Benares. There he resided in the
>|house of Candrasekhara and accepted his daily bhiksa (meal)
>|in the house of Tapana Misra. Here it was that Sanatana
>|Gosvami joined him and took instruction for two months in
>|spiritual matters. The biographers, especially Krsnadasa
>|Kaviraja, have given us details of Caitanya's teachings to
>|Rupa and Sanatana. Krsnadasa was not a contemporary writer,
>|but he gathered his information from the Gosvamis
>|themselves, the direct disciples of Mahaprabhu. Jiva
>|Gosvami, who was nephew of Sanatana and Rupa and who has
>|left us his invaluable work the Sat-sandarbha, has
>|philosophized on the precepts of his great leader. We have
>|gathered and summarized the precepts of Caitanya from the
>|books of those great writers.
1923|While at Benares, Caitanya had an interview with the
>|learned sannyasis of that town in the house of a Maratha
>|brahmana who had invited all the sannyasis for
>|entertainment. At this interview, Caitanya shewed a miracle
>|which attracted all the sannyasis to him. Then ensued
>|reciprocal conversation. The sannyasis were headed by their
>|most learned leader Prakasananda Sarasvati. After a short
>|controversy, they submitted to Mahaprabhu and admitted that
>|they had been misled by the commentaries of Sankaracarya.
>|It was impossible even for learned scholars to oppose
>|Caitanya for a long time, for there was some spell in him
>|which touched their hearts and made them weep for their
>|spiritual improvement. The sannyasis of Benares soon fell
>|at the feet of Caitanya and asked for his grace (krpa).
>|Caitanya then preached pure bhakti and instilled into their
>|hearts spiritual love for Krsna which obliged them to give
>|up sectarian feelings. The whole population of Benares, on
>|this wonderful conversion of the sannyasis, turned
>|Vaisnavas, and they made a master sankirtana with their new
>|Lord. After sending Sanatana to Vrndavana, Mahaprabhu went
>|to Puri again through the jungles with his comrade
>|Balabhadra. Balabhadra reported that Mahaprabhu had shown a
>|good many miracles on his way to Puri, such as making
>|tigers and elephants dance on hearing the name of Krsna.
1924|From this time, that is, from his 31 st year, Mahaprabhu
>|continually lived in Puri in the house of Kasi Misra until
>|his disappearance in his forty-eighth year at the time of
>|sankirtana in the temple of Tota-gopinatha. During these 18
>|years, his life was one of settled love and piety. He was
>|surrounded by numerous followers, all of whom were of the
>|highest order of Vaisnavas and who were distinguished from
>|the common people by their purest character and learning,
>|firm religious principles and spiritual love of Radha-Krsna.
>| Svarupa Damodara, who had been known by the name of
>|Purusottamacarya while Mahaprabhu was in Nadia, joined him
>|from Benares and accepted service as his secretary. No
>|production of any poet or philosopher could be laid before
>|Mahaprabhu unless Svarupa had passed it as pure and useful.
>|Raya Ramananda was his second mate. Both he and Svarupa
>|would sing while Mahaprabhu expressed his sentiments on a
>|certain point of worship. Paramananda Puri was his minister
>|in matters of religion. There are hundreds of anecdotes
>|described by his biographers which we do not think it meet
>|here to reproduce. Mahaprabhu slept short. His sentiments
>|carried him far and wide in the firmament of spirituality
>|every day and night, and all his admirers and followers
>|watched him throughout. He worshiped, communicated with his
>|missionaries at Vrndavana, and conversed with those
>|religious men who newly came to visit him. He sang and
>|danced, took no care of himself and oft-times lost himself
>|in religious beatitude. All who came to him believed in him
>|as the all-beautiful God appearing in the nether world for
>|the benefit of mankind. He loved his mother all along and
>|sent her mahaprasada now and then with those who went to
>|Nadia. He was most amiable in nature. Humility was
>|personified in him. His sweet appearance gave cheer to all
>|who came in contact with him. He appointed Prabhu
>|Nityananda as the missionary in charge of Bengal. He
>|dispatched six disciples (Gosvamis) to Vrndavana to preach
>|love in the upcountry. He punished all of his disciples who
>|deviated from a holy life. This he markedly did in the case
>|of Junior Haridasa. He never lacked in giving proper
>|instructions in life to those who solicited them. This will
>|be seen in his teachings to Raghunatha dasa Gosvami. His
>|treatment to Haridasa (senior) will show how he loved
>|spiritual men and how he defied caste distinction in
>|spiritual brotherhood.
1925|TLC Mission
1926|Lord Caitanya's Mission
1927|Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu instructed His disciples to write
>|books on the Science of Krsna, a task which those who
>|follow Him have continued to carry out down to the present
>|day. The elaborations and expositions on the philosophy
>|taught by Lord Caitanya are in fact most voluminous,
>|exacting and consistent due to the system of disciplic
>|succession. Although Lord Caitanya was widely renowned as a
>|scholar in His youth, He left only eight verses, called
>|Siksastaka. These eight verses clearly reveal His mission
>|and precepts. These supremely valuable prayers are
>|translated herein.
1928|1.
1929|Glory to the Sri Krsna sankirtana, which cleanses the heart
>|of all the dust accumulated for years and extinguishes the
>|fire of conditional life, of repeated birth and death. This
>|sankirtana movement is the prime benediction for humanity
>|at large because it spreads the rays of the benediction
>|moon. It is the life of all transcendental knowledge. It
>|increases the ocean of transcendental bliss, and it enables
>|us to fully taste the nectar for which we are always
>|anxious.
1930|2.
1931|O my Lord, Your holy name alone can render all benediction
>|to living beings, and thus You have hundreds and millions
>|of names like Krsna and Govinda. In these transcendental
>|names You have invested all Your transcendental energies.
>|There are not even hard and fast rules for chanting these
>|names. O my Lord, out of kindness You enable us to easily
>|approach You by Your holy names, but I am so unfortunate
>|that I have no attraction for them.
1932|3.
1933|One should chant the holy name of the Lord in a humble
>|state of mind, thinking oneself lower than the straw in the
>|street; one should be more tolerant than a tree, devoid of
>|all sense of false prestige and should be ready to offer
>|all respect to others. In such a state of mind one can
>|chant the holy name of the Lord constantly.
1934|4.
1935|O almighty Lord, I have no desire to accumulate wealth, nor
>|do I desire beautiful women, nor do I want any number of
>|followers. I only want Your causeless devotional service
>|birth after birth.
1936|5.
1937|O son of Maharaja Nanda [Krsna], I am Your eternal servitor,
>| yet somehow or other I have fallen into the ocean of birth
>|and death. Please pick me up from this ocean of death and
>|place me as one of the atoms at Your lotus feet.
1938|6.
1939|O my Lord, when will my eyes be decorated with tears of
>|love flowing constantly when I chant Your holy name? When
>|will my voice choke up, and when will the hairs of my body
>|stand on end at the recitation of Your name?
1940|7.
1941|O Govinda! Feeling Your separation, I am considering a
>|moment to be like twelve years or more. Tears are flowing
>|from my eyes like torrents of rain, and I am feeling all
>|vacant in the world in Your absence.
1942|8.
1943|I know no one but Krsna as my Lord, and He shall remain so
>|even if He handles me roughly by His embrace or makes me
>|brokenhearted by not being present before me. He is
>|completely free to do anything and everything, for He is
>|always my worshipful Lord unconditionally.
1944|TLC Intoduction
1945|Introduction
1946|[Originally delivered as five morning lectures on Caitanya-
>|caritamrta-the authoritative biography of Lord Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu, by Krsnadasa Kaviraja Gosvami-before the
>|International Society for Krishna Consciousness, New York
>|City, April 10-14, 1967.]
1947|The word caitanya means living force. As living entities,
>|we can move, but a table cannot because it does not possess
>|living force. Movement and activity may be considered to be
>|signs or symptoms of the living force. Indeed, it may be
>|said that there can be no activity without the living force.
>| Although the living force is present in the material
>|condition, it is not amrta, immortal. The words caitanya-
>|caritamrta, then, may be translated as "the character of
>|the living force in immortality."
1948|But how is this living force displayed immortally? It is
>|not displayed by man or any other creature in this material
>|universe, for none of us are immortal in these bodies. We
>|possess the living force, we perform activities, and we are
>|immortal by our nature and constitution, but the material
>|condition into which we have been put does not allow our
>|immortality to be displayed. It is stated in the Katha
>|Upanisad that eternality and the living force belong both
>|to ourselves and God. Although this is true in that both
>|God and ourselves are immortal, there is a difference. As
>|living entities, we perform many activities, but we have a
>|tendency to fall down into material nature. God has no such
>|tendency. Being all-powerful, He never comes under the
>|control of material nature. Indeed, material nature is but
>|one display of His inconceivable energies.
1949|On the ground we may see only clouds in the sky, but if we
>|fly above the clouds we can see the sun shining. From the
>|sky, skyscrapers and cities seem very tiny; similarly, from
>|God's position this entire material creation is
>|insignificant. The tendency of the conditioned living
>|entity is to come down from the heights where everything
>|can be seen in perspective. God, however, does not have
>|this tendency. The Supreme Lord is not subject to fall down
>|into illusion (maya) any more than the sun is subject to
>|fall beneath the clouds. Because the Supreme Lord is not
>|subject to illusion, He is unconditioned; because we, as
>|finite living entities, are prone to fall into illusion, we
>|are called conditioned. Impersonalist philosophers (
>|Mayavadis) maintain that both the living entity and God
>|Himself are under the control of maya when they come into
>|this material world. This may be true of the living entity,
>|but it is not true of God, for in all instances the
>|material energy is working under His direction. Those who
>|consider the Supreme Lord to be subject to material
>|conditioning are called fools by Krsna Himself in Bhagavad-
>|gita:
1950|avajananti mam mudha
1951|manusim tanum asritam
1952|param bhavam ajananto
1953|mama bhuta-mahesvaram
1954|"Fools deride Me when I descend in the human form. They do
>|not know My transcendental nature and My supreme dominion
>|over all that be." (Bg. 9.11)
1955|Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu should not be considered to be one
>|of us. He is Krsna Himself, the supreme living entity, and
>|as such He never comes under the cloud of maya. Krsna, His
>|expansions, and even His higher devotees never fall into
>|the clutches of illusion. Lord Caitanya came to earth
>|simply to preach Krsna-bhakti, love of Krsna. In other
>|words, He is Lord Krsna Himself teaching the living
>|entities the proper way to approach Krsna. He is like a
>|teacher who, seeing a student doing poorly, takes up a
>|pencil and writes, saying, "Do it like this: A, B, C." By
>|this, one must not foolishly think that the teacher is
>|learning his ABC's. Although He appears in the guise of a
>|devotee, we should always remember that Lord Caitanya is
>|Krsna (God) Himself teaching us how to become Krsna
>|conscious, and we must study Him in that light.
1956|In Bhagavad-gita Lord Krsna sets forth the highest
>|religious principle in this way:
1957|sarva-dharman parityajya
1958|mam ekam saranam vraja
1959|aham tvam sarva-papebhyo
1960|moksayisyami ma sucah
1961|"Abandon all varieties of religion and just surrender unto
>|Me. I shall deliver you from all sinful reaction. Do not
>|fear." (Bg. 18.66)
1962|This may seem to be a simple instruction to follow, but
>|invariably our reaction is, "Oh, surrender? Give up? But I
>|have so many responsibilities." And maya, illusion, says to
>|us, "Don't do it, or you'll be out of my clutches. Just
>|stay in my clutches, and I'll kick you." It is a fact that
>|we are constantly being kicked by maya, just as the male
>|ass is kicked in the face by the she-ass when he comes for
>|sex. Similarly, cats and dogs are always fighting and
>|whining when they have sex. These are the tricks of nature.
>|Even an elephant in the jungle is caught by the use of a
>|trained she-elephant who leads him into a pit. Maya has
>|many activities, and in the material world her strongest
>|shackle is the female. Of course in actuality we are
>|neither male nor female-for these designations refer only
>|to the outer dress, the body. We are all actually Krsna's
>|servants. In conditioned life, however, we are shackled by
>|the iron chains which take the form of beautiful women.
>|Thus every male is bound by sex life, and therefore when
>|one attempts to gain liberation from the material clutches,
>|he must first learn to control the sex urge. Unrestricted
>|sex puts one fully in the clutches of illusion. Lord
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu officially renounced this illusion at
>|the age of twenty-four, although His wife was sixteen and
>|His mother seventy, and He was the only male member of the
>|family. Although He was a brahmana and was not rich, He
>|took sannyasa, the renounced order of life, and thus
>|extricated Himself from family entanglement.
1963|If we wish to become fully Krsna conscious, we have to give
>|up the shackles of maya, or, if we remain with maya, we
>|should live in such a way that we will not be subject to
>|illusion. It is not necessary for one to abandon his family,
>| for there were many householders amongst Lord Caitanya's
>|closest devotees. What must be renounced is the propensity
>|for material enjoyment. Although Lord Caitanya approved of
>|a householder having regulated sex in marriage, He was very
>|strict with those in the renounced order, and He even
>|banished junior Haridasa for glancing lustfully at a young
>|woman. The point is that one must take up a particular path
>|and stick to it, obeying all the rules and regulations
>|necessary for success in spiritual life. It was Lord
>|Caitanya's mission that He teach the path of Krsna
>|consciousness to all men and thereby enable them to partake
>|of the immortality of spiritual life.
1964|From Caitanya-caritamrta we learn how Caitanya taught
>|people to become immortal, and thus the title may be
>|properly translated as "the immortal character of the
>|living force." The supreme living force is the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead. He is also the supreme entity.
>|There are innumerable living entities, and all of them are
>|individual. This is very easy to understand: We are all
>|individual in thought and desires, and the Supreme Lord is
>|also an individual person. He is different, though, in that
>|He is the leader, the one whom no one can excel. Amongst
>|the created living entities, one being can excel another in
>|one capacity or another. The Lord is an individual, just as
>|the living entities are individual, but He is different in
>|that He is the supreme individual. God is also infallible,
>|and in Bhagavad-gita He is addressed as Acyuta, which means,
>| "He who never falls down." This is indicated because in
>|Bhagavad-gita Arjuna had fallen into delusion but Krsna had
>|not. We often hear it said that God is infallible, and in
>|Bhagavad-gita Krsna states:
1965|nanyam gunebhyah kartaram
1966|yada drastanupasyati
1967|gunebhyas ca param vetti
1968|mad-bhavam so 'dhigacchati
1969|"When you see that there is nothing beyond these modes of
>|nature in all activities and that the Supreme Lord is
>|transcendental to all these modes, then you can know My
>|spiritual nature." (Bg. 14.19)
1970|Thus we should not think that Krsna is overpowered by the
>|material potency when He is in the material world. Krsna
>|and His incarnations are not under the control of material
>|nature. They are totally free. Indeed, in Srimad-Bhagavatam
>|one who has a godly nature is actually defined as one who
>|is not affected by the modes of material nature, although
>|in material nature. If even a devotee can attain this
>|freedom, then what to speak of the Supreme?
1971|The real question is how can we remain unpolluted by
>|material contamination while in the material world. It was
>|Rupa Gosvami who explained that we can remain
>|uncontaminated while in the world if we simply make it our
>|ambition to serve Krsna. One may then justifiably ask, "How
>|can I serve?" Obviously this is not simply a matter of
>|meditation, which is just an activity of the mind, but of
>|practical work. Love of Krsna's service can only be
>|attained by working for Krsna. In such work, we should
>|leave no resource unused. Whatever is there, whatever we
>|have, should be used for Krsna. We can use everything:
>|typewriters, automobiles, airplanes, missiles-anything. If
>|we simply speak to people about Krsna consciousness, we are
>|also rendering service. If our minds, senses, speech, money
>|and energies are thus engaged in the service of Krsna, we
>|cannot be considered to be existing in material nature. By
>|virtue of spiritual consciousness, or Krsna consciousness,
>|we transcend the platform of material nature. It is a fact
>|that Krsna, His expansions and His devotees-that is, those
>|who work for Him-are not in material nature, although
>|people with a poor fund of knowledge think that they are.
1972|Caitanya-caritamrta teaches that the spirit soul is
>|immortal and that our activities in the spiritual world are
>|also immortal. The Mayavadis, who hold to the view that the
>|Absolute is impersonal and formless, contend that a
>|realized soul has no need to talk. However, the Vaisnavas,
>|who are devotees of Krsna, contend that when one reaches
>|the stage of realization, he really begins to talk. "
>|Previously we only talked of nonsense," the Vaisnava says. "
>|Now let us begin our real talks, talks of Krsna." The
>|Mayavadis are also fond of using the example of the water
>|pot, maintaining that when a pot is not filled with water
>|it makes a sound, but that when it is filled it makes no
>|sound. But are we waterpots? How can we be compared to them?
>| A good analogy utilizes as many similarities between two
>|objects as possible. A water pot is not an active living
>|force, but we are. Ever silent meditation may be adequate
>|for a waterpot, but not for us. Indeed, when one has has
>|realized he has so much to say about Krsna, twenty-four
>|hours in a day is not sufficient. It is the fool who is
>|celebrated as long as he does not speak, for when he breaks
>|his silence his lack of knowledge is exposed. Caitanya-
>|caritamrta shows that there are many wonderful things to
>|discover by glorifying the Supreme.
1973|In the beginning of Caitanya-caritamrta, Krsnadasa Kaviraja
>|Gosvami writes: "I offer my respects to my spiritual
>|masters." He uses the plural here to indicate the disciplic
>|succession. It is not that he offers obeisances to his
>|spiritual master alone but to the whole parampara, the
>|chain of disciplic succession beginning with Lord Krsna
>|Himself. Thus the guru is addressed in the plural to show
>|the author's highest respect for all the Vaisnavas. After
>|offering obeisances to the disciplic succession, the author
>|pays obeisances to all the other devotees, God-brothers,
>|the expansions of Godhead and the first manifestation of
>|Krsna's energy. Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu (sometimes called
>|Krsna Caitanya) is the embodiment of all of these; He is
>|God, guru, devotee and the expansion of God. As His
>|associate, Nityananda, He is the first manifestation of
>|energy; as Advaita, He is an incarnation; as Gadadhara, He
>|is the internal potency; and as Srivasa, He is the marginal
>|living entity. Thus Krsna should not be thought of as being
>|alone but should be considered as eternally existing with
>|all His manifestations, as described by Ramanujacarya. In
>|visistadvaita philosophy, God's energies, expansions and
>|incarnations are considered to be oneness in diversity. In
>|other words, God is not separate from all these; everything
>|together is God.
1974|Actually Caitanya-caritamrta is not intended for the novice,
>| for it is the post-graduate study of spiritual knowledge.
>|Ideally, one begins with and advances through Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam to the Caitanya-caritamrta. Although all these
>|great scriptures are on the absolute level, for the sake of
>|comparitive study Caitanya-caritamrta is considered to be
>|on the highest platform. Every verse in it is perfectly
>|composed. Indeed, Lord Caitanya and Nityananda are compared
>|to the sun and moon in that They dissipate the darkness of
1975|the material world. In this instance both the sun and moon
>|have risen together, and it is proper to offer obeisances
>|directly to Lord Caitanya and Nityananda.
1976|In the Western world where the glories of Lord Caitanya are
>|relatively unknown, one may inquire, "Who is Krsna Caitanya?
>|" The scriptural conclusion in answer to that question is
>|that He is the Supreme Personality of Godhead. Generally in
>|the Upanisads the Supreme Absolute Truth is described in an
>|impersonal way, but the personal aspect of the Absolute
>|Truth is mentioned in the Isopanisad, where, after a
>|description of the all-pervading, we find the following
>|verse:
1977|hiranmayena patrena
1978|satyasyapihitam mukham
1979|tat tvam pusann apavrnu
1980|satya-dharmaya drstaye
1981|"O my Lord, sustainer of all that lives, Your real face is
>|covered by Your dazzling effulgence. Kindly remove that
>|covering and exhibit Yourself to Your pure devotee." (Sri
>|Isopanisad, Mantra 15)
1982|The impersonalists do not have the power to go beyond the
>|effulgence of God and arrive at the personality from whom
>|this effulgence is emanating. At the end of Isopanisad,
>|however, there is a hymn to the Personality of Godhead. It
>|is not that the impersonal Brahman is denied; it is also
>|described, but that Brahman is considered to be the glaring
>|effulgence of the body of Caitanya. In other words, Krsna
>|Caitanya is the basis of the impersonal Brahman. It is also
>|stated by Krsna in Bhagavad-gita that the impersonal
>|Brahman rests on Him (brahmano hi pratisthaham, Bg. 14.27).
>|The Paramatma, or Supersoul, which is present within the
>|heart of every living entity and within every atom of the
>|universe, is but the partial representation of Caitanya.
>|Krsna Caitanya is therefore the basis of Brahman and the
>|Supreme Personality of Godhead as well. As the Supreme, He
>|is full in six opulences: wealth, fame, strength, beauty,
>|knowledge and renunciation. In short, we should know that
>|He is Krsna, God, and nothing is equal to or greater than
>|Him. There is no superior to be conceived. He is the
>|Supreme Person.
1983|It was Rupa Gosvami, a confidential devotee taught for more
>|than ten days continuously by Lord Caitanya, who wrote:
1984|namo maha-vadanyaya
1985|krsna-prema-pradaya te
1986|krsnaya krsna-caitanya-
1987|namne gaura-tvise namah
1988| [Cc. Madhya 19.53]
1989|"I offer my respectful obeisances unto the Supreme Lord Sri
>|Krsna Caitanya, who is more magnanimous than any other
>|avatara, even Krsna Himself, because He is bestowing freely
>|what no one else has ever given-pure love of Krsna."
1990|It is not that Caitanya teaches a long and elaborate path
>|to God realization. He is completely spiritual, and He
>|begins from the point of surrender to Krsna. He does not
>|pursue the paths of karma-yoga or jnana-yoga or hatha-yoga
>|but begins at the end of material existence, at the point
>|where one gives up all material attachment. In Bhagavad-
>|gita Krsna began His teachings by distinguishing the soul
>|from matter and in the Eighteenth Chapter concluded at the
>|point where the soul surrenders to Him in devotion. The
>|Mayavadis would have all talk cease there, but at that
>|point the real discussion only begins. It is the Vedanta-
>|sutra which begins: athato brahma jijnasa: "Now let us
>|begin to inquire about the Supreme Absolute Truth." Rupa
>|Gosvami thus praises Caitanya as the most munificent
>|incarnation of all, for He gives the greatest gift by
>|indicating the highest form of devotional service. In other
>|words, He answers the most important inquiries that anyone
>|can make.
1991|There are different stages of devotional service and God
>|realization. Strictly speaking, anyone who accepts the
>|existence of God is situated in devotional service. To
>|acknowledge that God is great is something, but not much.
>|Caitanya, preaching as an acarya, a great teacher, taught
>|that we can enter into a relationship with God and actually
>|become God's friend. In Bhagavad-gita Krsna showed Arjuna
>|His universal form because Arjuna was His "very dear friend.
>|" Upon seeing Krsna as the Lord of the universes, however,
>|Arjuna actually asked Krsna to forgive the familiarity of
>|his friendship. Caitanya goes beyond this point. Through
>|Lord Caitanya we can become friends with Krsna, and there
>|is no limit to this friendship. We can become friends of
>|Krsna not in awe or adoration but in complete freedom. We
>|can even relate to God as His father. This is not only the
>|philosophy of Caitanya-caritamrta but of Srimad-Bhagavatam
>|as well. There are no other literatures in the world in
>|which God is treated as the son of a devotee. Usually God
>|is seen as the almighty Father who supplies the demands of
>|His sons. The great devotees, however, sometimes treat God
>|as a son in their execution of devotional service. The son
>|demands, and the father supplies, and in supplying Krsna
>|the devotee becomes like a father. Instead of taking from
>|God, we give to God. It was in this relationship that Krsna'
>|s mother, Yasoda, told the Lord, "Here, eat this or You'll
>|die. Eat nicely." In this way Krsna, although the
>|proprietor of everything, depends on the mercy of His
>|devotee. This is a uniquely high level of friendship in
>|which the devotee actually believes himself to be the
>|father of Krsna.
1992|However, Lord Caitanya's greatest gift was His teaching
>|that Krsna can be actually treated as one's lover. In this
>|relationship the Lord is so much attached that He expresses
>|His inability to reciprocate. Krsna was so obliged to the
>|gopis, the cowherd girls of Vrndavana, that He felt unable
>|to return their love. "I cannot repay your love," He told
>|them. "I have no more assets to return." Thus devotional
>|service is performed on this excellent platform, and
>|knowledge of the devotee's relationship to Krsna as lover
>|and beloved was given by Caitanya Mahaprabhu. It was never
>|given by any previous incarnation or acarya. Thus Rupa
>|Gosvami wrote of Caitanya: "Devotional service itself is
>|the highest platform, the glorious platform which You have
>|contributed. You are Krsna in a yellow complexion, and You
>|are Sacinandana, the son of mother Saci. Those who hear
>|Caitanya-caritamrta will keep You in their hearts. It will
>|be easy to understand Krsna through You." Thus Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu came to deliver Krsna. His method of deliverance
>|was not meditation, fruitive activities or scriptural study,
>| but love.
1993|We have often heard the phrase "love of Godhead." How far
>|this love of Godhead can actually be developed can be
>|learned from the Vaisnava philosophy. Theoretical knowledge
>|of love of God can be found in many places and in many
>|scriptures, but what that love of Godhead actually is and
>|how it is developed can be found in Vaisnava literatures.
>|It is the unique and highest development of love of God
>|that is given by Caitanya Mahaprabhu.
1994|Even in this material world we can have a little sense of
>|love. How is this possible? It is due to the love which is
>|found in the Godhead. Whatever we find within our
>|experience within this conditional life is situated in the
>|Supreme Lord, who is the ultimate source of everything. In
>|our original relationship with the Supreme Lord there is
>|real love, and that love is reflected pervertedly through
>|material conditions. Our real love is continuous and
>|unending, but because that love is reflected pervertedly in
>|this material world, it lacks continuity and is inebriating.
>| If we want real transcendental love, we have to transfer
>|our love to the supreme lovable object-the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead. This is the basic principle of
>|Krsna consciousness.
1995|In material consciousness we are trying to love that which
>|is not at all lovable. We give our love to dogs and cats,
>|running the risk that at the time of death we may think of
>|them and consequently take birth in a family of cats or
>|dogs. Thus love that does not have Krsna as its object
>|leads downward. It is not that Krsna or God is something
>|obscure or something that only a few chosen people can
>|attain. Caitanya Mahaprabhu informs us that in every
>|country and in every scripture there is some hint of love
>|of Godhead. Unfortunately no one knows what love of Godhead
>|actually is. The Vedic scriptures, however, are different
>|in that they can direct the individual in the proper way to
>|love God. Other scriptures do not give information on how
>|one can love God, nor do they actually define or describe
>|what or who the Godhead actually is. Although they
>|officially promote love of Godhead, they have no idea how
>|to execute it. But Caitanya Mahaprabhu gives a practical
>|demonstration of how to love God in a conjugal relationship.
>| Taking the part of Radharani, Caitanya tries to love Krsna
>|as Radharani loved Him. Krsna was always amazed by
>|Radharani's love. "How does Radharani give Me such pleasure?
>|" He would ask. In order to study Radharani, Krsna lived in
>|Her role and tried to understand Himself. This is the
>|secret of Lord Caitanya's incarnation. Caitanya is Krsna,
>|but He has taken the mode or role of Radharani to show us
>|how to love Krsna. Thus He is addressed: "I offer my
>|respectful obeisances unto the Supreme Lord who is absorbed
>|in Radharani's thoughts."
1996|This brings up the question of who Radharani is and what
>|Radha-Krsna is. Actually Radha-Krsna is the exchange of
>|love. This is not ordinary love; Krsna has immense
>|potencies, of which three are principal: internal, external
>|and marginal. In the internal potency there are three
>|divisions: samvit, hladini and sandhini. The hladini
>|potency is the pleasure potency. All living entities have
>|this pleasure-seeking potency, for all beings are trying to
>|have pleasure. This is the very nature of the living entity.
>| At present we are trying to enjoy our pleasure potency by
>|means of the body in this material condition. By bodily
>|contact we are attempting to derive pleasure from material
>|sense objects. We should not think, however, that Krsna,
>|who is always spiritual, tries to seek pleasure on this
>|material plane like us. Krsna describes the material
>|universe as a nonpermanent place full of miseries. Why,
>|then, would He seek pleasure in the material form? He is
>|the Supersoul, the supreme spirit, and His pleasure is
>|beyond the material conception.
1997|In order to learn how Krsna's pleasure can be obtained, we
>|must read the Tenth Canto of Srimad-Bhagavatam in which
>|Krsna's pleasure potency is displayed in His pastimes with
>|Radharani and the damsels of Vraja. Unfortunately,
>|unintelligent people turn at once to the sports of Krsna in
>|the Dasama-skandha, the Tenth Canto. Krsna's embracing
>|Radharani or His dancing with the cowherd girls in the rasa
>|dance are generally not understood by ordinary men because
>|they consider these pastimes in the light of mundane lust.
>|They incorrectly think that Krsna is like themselves and
>|that He embraces the gopis just as an ordinary man embraces
>|a young girl. Some people thus become interested in Krsna
>|because they think that His religion allows indulgence in
>|sex. This is not Krsna-bhakti, love of Krsna, but prakrta-
>|sahajiya-materialistic lust.
1998|In order to avoid such errors, we should understand what
>|Radha-Krsna actually is. Radha and Krsna display their
>|pastimes through Krsna's internal energy. The pleasure
>|potency of Krsna's internal energy is a most difficult
>|subject matter, and unless one understands what Krsna is,
>|he cannot understand it. Krsna does not take any pleasure
>|in this material world, but He has a pleasure potency.
>|Because we are part and parcel of Krsna, the pleasure
>|potency is within us also, but we are trying to exhibit
>|that pleasure potency in matter. Krsna, however, does not
>|make such a vain attempt. The object of Krsna's pleasure
>|potency is Radharani, and He exhibits His potency or His
>|energy as Radharani and then engages in loving affairs with
>|Her. In other words, Krsna does not take pleasure in this
>|external energy but exhibits His internal energy, His
>|pleasure potency, as Radharani. Thus Krsna manifests
>|Himself as Radharani in order to exhibit His internal
>|pleasure potency. Of the many extensions, expansions and
>|incarnations of the Lord, this pleasure potency is the
>|foremost and chief.
1999|It is not that Radharani is separate from Krsna. Radharani
>|is also Krsna, for there is no difference between the
>|energy and the energetic. Without energy, there is no
>|meaning to the energetic, and without the energetic, there
>|is no energy. Similarly, without Radha there is no meaning
>|to Krsna, and without Krsna, there is no meaning to Radha.
>|Because of this, the Vaisnava philosophy first of all pays
>|obeisances to and worships the internal pleasure potency of
>|the Supreme Lord. Thus the Lord and His potency are always
>|referred to as Radha-Krsna. Similarly, those who worship
>|the name of Narayana first of all utter the name of Laksmi,
>|as Laksmi-Narayana. Similarly, those who worship Lord Rama
>|first of all utter the name of Sita. In any case-Sita-Rama,
>|Radha-Krsna, Laksmi-Narayana-the potency always comes first.
2000|Radha and Krsna are one, and when Krsna desires to enjoy
>|pleasure, He manifests Himself as Radharani. The spiritual
>|exchange of love between Radha and Krsna is the actual
>|display of the internal pleasure potency of Krsna. Although
>|we speak of "when" Krsna desires, just when He did desire
>|we cannot say. We only speak in this way because in
>|conditional life we take it that everything has a beginning;
>| however, in the absolute or spiritual life there is
>|neither beginning nor end. Yet in order to understand that
>|Radha and Krsna are one and that They also become divided,
>|the question "When?" automatically comes to mind. When
>|Krsna desired to enjoy His pleasure potency, He manifested
>|Himself in the separate form of Radharani, and when He
>|wanted to understand Himself through the agency of Radha,
>|He united with Radharani, and that unification is called
>|Lord Caitanya.
2001|Why did Krsna assume the form of Caitanya Mahaprabhu? It is
>|explained that Krsna desired to know the glory of Radha's
>|love. "Why is She so much in love with Me?" Krsna asked. "
>|What is My special qualification that attracts Her so? And
>|what is the actual way in which She loves Me?" It seems
>|strange that Krsna, as the Supreme, should be attracted by
>|anyone's love. We search after the love of a woman or a man
>|because we are imperfect and lack something. The love of a
>|woman, that potency and pleasure, is absent in man, and
>|therefore a man wants a woman, but this is not the case
>|with Krsna, who is full in Himself. Thus Krsna expressed
>|surprise: "Why am I attracted by Radharani? And when
>|Radharani feels My love, what is She actually feeling?" In
>|order to taste the essence of that loving affair, Krsna
>|appeared just as the moon appears on the horizon of the sea.
>| Just as the moon was produced by the churning of the sea,
>|by the churning of spiritual love affairs the moon of
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu appeared. Indeed, Caitanya's complexion
>|was golden, just like the moon. Although this is figurative
>|language, it conveys the meaning behind the appearance of
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu. The full significance of His
>|appearance will be explained in later chapters.
2002|The manifestations of the Supreme are also explained in
>|Caitanya-caritamrta. After offering respects to Lord
>|Caitanya, Krsnadasa Kaviraja next offers them to Nityananda.
>| He explains that Nityananda is a manifestation of
>|Sankarsana, who is the origin of the Maha-Visnu. Krsna's
>|first manifestation is as Balarama and then Sankarsana, and
>|after Sankarsana He is manifest as Pradyumna. In this way
>|so many expansions take place. Although there are many
>|expansions, Lord Sri Krsna is the origin, as confirmed in
>|Brahma-samhita. He is like the original candle from which
>|many thousands and millions of candles are lit. Although
>|any number of candles can be lighted, the original candle
>|still retains its identity as the origin. In this way Krsna
>|expands Himself into so many lights, and all these
>|expansions are called Visnu-tattva. Visnu is a large light,
>|and we are small lights, but all are expansions of Krsna.
2003|When it is necessary to create the material universe, Visnu
>|expands Himself as the Maha-Visnu. This Maha-Visnu lies
>|down on the Causal Ocean and breathes all the universes
>|from His nostrils. Thus from the Maha-Visnu and the Causal
>|Ocean all the universes spring, and all these universes
>|float in the Causal Ocean. In this regard there is the
>|story of Vamana, who, when He took three steps, stuck His
>|foot through the covering of the universe. Water from the
>|Causal Ocean flowed through the hole which His foot made,
>|and it is said that that flow of water became the River
>|Ganges. Therefore the Ganges is accepted as the most sacred
>|water of Visnu and is worshiped by all Hindus from the
>|Himalayas down to the Bay of Bengal.
2004|That Maha-Visnu who lies on the Causal Ocean is actually an
>|expansion of Balarama, who is Krsna's first expansion, and,
>|in the Vrndavana pastimes, is the brother of Krsna. In the
>|maha-mantra Hare Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna Krsna, Hare Hare/
>|Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare, the word Rama
>|refers to Balarama. Since Nityananda is an expansion of
>|Balarama, Rama also refers to Lord Nityananda. Thus Hare
>|Krsna, Hare Rama addresses not only Krsna and Balarama but
>|Lord Caitanya and Nityananda as well.
2005|The subject matter of Caitanya-caritamrta primarily deals
>|with what is beyond this material creation. The cosmic
>|material expansion is called maya because it has no eternal
>|existence. Because it is sometimes manifested and sometimes
>|not manifested, it is regarded as illusory. But beyond this
>|temporary manifestation there is a higher nature, as
>|indicated in Bhagavad-gita:
2006|paras tasmat tu bhavo 'nyo
2007|'vyakto 'vyaktat sanatanah
2008|yah sa sarvesu bhutesu
2009|nasyatsu na vinasyati
2010|"Yet there is another nature, which is eternal and is
>|transcendental to this manifested and unmanifested matter.
>|It is supreme and is never annihilated. When all in this
>|world is annihilated, that part remains as it is." (Bg. 8.
>|20)
2011|That supreme nature is beyond the manifested (vyaktah) and
>|unmanifested (avyaktah). This superior nature which is
>|beyond both creation and annihilation is the living force
>|which is manifest in the bodies of all living entities. The
>|body itself is composed of inferior nature, matter, but it
>|is the superior nature that is moving the body. The symptom
>|of that superior nature is consciousness. Thus in the
>|spiritual world, where everything is composed of the
>|superior nature, everything is conscious. In the material
>|world inanimate objects are not conscious, but in the
>|spiritual world this is not so. There a table is conscious,
>|the land is conscious, the trees are conscious-everything
>|is conscious.
2012|It is not possible to imagine how far this material
>|manifestation extends. In the material world everything is
>|calculated by imagination or by some imperfect method, but
>|Vedic literatures give information of what lies beyond the
>|material universe. Those who believe in experimental
>|knowledge may doubt the Vedic conclusions, for they cannot
>|even calculate how far this universe is extended, nor can
>|they reach far into the universe itself. It is not possible
>|to obtain information of anything beyond this material
>|nature by experimental means. That which is beyond our
>|power of conception is called acintya, inconceivable. It is
>|useless to argue or speculate about what is inconceivable.
>|If it is truly inconceivable, it is not subject to
>|speculation or experimentation. Our energy is limited, and
>|our sense perception is limited; therefore we must rely on
>|the Vedic conclusions regarding that subject matter which
>|is inconceivable. Knowledge of the superior nature must
>|simply be accepted without argument. How is it possible to
>|argue about something to which we have no access? The
>|method for understanding transcendental subject matter is
>|given by Lord Krsna Himself in Bhagavad-gita, where Krsna
>|tells Arjuna at the beginning of the Fourth Chapter:
2013|imam vivasvate yogam
2014|proktavan aham avyayam
2015|vivasvan manave praha
2016|manur iksvakave 'bravit
2017|"I instructed this imperishable science of yoga to the sun-
>|god, Vivasvan, and Vivasvan instructed it to Manu, the
>|father of mankind, and Manu in turn instructed it to
>|Iksvaku." (Bg. 4.1)
2018|This is the method of parampara, or disciplic succession.
>|Similarly, in Srimad-Bhagavatam Krsna imparted knowledge
>|into the heart of Brahma, the first created creature within
>|the universe. Brahma imparted those lessons to his disciple,
>| Narada, and Narada imparted that knowledge to his disciple,
>| Vyasadeva. Vyasadeva imparted it to Madhvacarya, and from
>|Madhvacarya the knowledge comes down to Madhavendra Puri,
>|to Isvara Puri and from him to Caitanya Mahaprabhu.
2019|One may ask that if Caitanya Mahaprabhu is Krsna Himself,
>|then why did He need a spiritual master? Of course He did
>|not need a spiritual master, but because He was playing the
>|role of acarya (one who teaches by example), He accepted a
>|spiritual master. Even Krsna Himself accepted a spiritual
>|master, for that is the system. In this way the Lord sets
>|the example for men. We should not think, however, that the
>|Lord takes a spiritual master because He is in want of
>|knowledge. He is simply stressing the importance of
>|accepting the disciplic succession. The knowledge of that
>|disciplic succession actually comes from the Lord Himself,
>|and if the knowledge descends unbroken, it is perfect.
>|Although we may not be in touch with the original
>|personality who first imparted the knowledge, we may
>|receive the same knowledge through this process of
>|transmission. In Srimad-Bhagavatam, it is stated that Krsna,
>| the Absolute Truth, the Personality of Godhead,
>|transmitted transcendental knowledge into the heart of
>|Brahma. This then is one way knowledge is received-through
>|the heart. Thus there are two processes by which one may
>|receive knowledge: One depends upon the Supreme Personality
>|of Godhead, who is situated as the Supersoul within the
>|heart of all living entities, and the other depends upon
>|the guru or spiritual master, who is an expansion of Krsna.
>|Thus Krsna transmits information both from within and from
>|without. We simply have to receive it. If knowledge is
>|received in this way, it doesn't matter whether it is
>|inconceivable or not.
2020|In Srimad-Bhagavatam there is a great deal of information
>|given about the Vaikuntha planetary systems which are
>|beyond the material universe. Similarly, a great deal of
>|inconceivable information is given in Caitanya-caritamrta.
>|Any attempt to arrive at this information through
>|experimental knowledge is not possible. The knowledge
>|simply has to be accepted. According to the Vedic method,
>|sabda, or transcendental sound, is regarded as evidence.
>|Sound is very important in Vedic understanding, for, if it
>|is pure, it is accepted as authoritative. Even in the
>|material world we accept a great deal of information which
>|is sent thousands of miles by telephone or radio. In this
>|way we also accept sound as evidence in our daily lives.
>|Although we cannot see the informant, we accept his
>|information as valid on the basis of sound. Sound vibration
>|then is very important in the transmission of Vedic
>|knowledge.
2021|The Vedas inform us that beyond this cosmic manifestation
>|there are extensive planets and the spiritual sky. This
>|material manifestation is regarded as only a small portion
>|of the total creation. The material manifestation includes
>|not only this universe but innumerable others as well, but
>|all the material universes combined comprise only one
>|fraction of the total creation. The majority of the
>|creation is situated in the spiritual sky. In that sky
>|innumerable planets float, and these are called
>|Vaikunthalokas. In every Vaikunthaloka Narayana presides in
>|the form of His four-armed expansions: Sankarsana,
>|Pradyumna, Aniruddha and Vasudeva.
2022|As stated before, the material universes are manifested by
>|the Lord in the form of Maha-Visnu. Just as a husband and
>|wife combine to beget offspring, the Maha-Visnu combines
>|with His wife Maya, or material nature. This is also
>|confirmed in the Bhagavad-gita where Krsna states:
2023|sarva-yonisu kaunteya
2024|murtayah sambhavanti yah
2025|tasam brahma mahad yonir
2026|aham bija-pradah pita
2027|"It should be understood that all species of life, O son of
>|Kunti, are made possible by birth in this material nature,
>|and that I am the seed-giving father." (Bg. 14.4)
2028|Visnu impregnated Maya or material nature simply by
>|glancing at her. This is the spiritual method. Materially
>|we are limited to impregnate by only one particular part of
>|our body, but the Supreme Lord, Krsna or Maha-Visnu, can
>|impregnate any part by any part. Simply by glancing the
>|Lord can conceive countless living entities in the womb of
>|material nature. The Brahma-samhita also confirms that the
>|spiritual body of the Supreme Lord is so powerful that any
>|part of that body can perform the functions of any other
>|part. We can only touch with our hands or skin, but Krsna
>|can touch just by glancing. We can only see with our eyes,
>|we cannot touch or smell with them. Krsna, however, can
>|smell and also eat with His eyes. When foodstuffs are
>|offered to Krsna we don't see Him eating, but He eats
>|simply by glancing at the food. We cannot imagine how
>|things work in the spiritual world where everything is
>|spiritual. It is not that Krsna does not eat or that we
>|imagine that He eats; He actually eats, but His eating is
>|different from ours. Our eating process will be similar to
>|His when we are completely on the spiritual platform. On
>|that platform every part of the body can act on behalf of
>|any other part.
2029|Visnu does not require anything in order to create. He does
>|not require the goddess Laksmi in order to give birth to
>|Brahma, for Brahma is born from a lotus flower which grows
>|from the navel of Visnu. The goddess Laksmi sits at the
>|feet of Visnu and serves Him. In this material world sex is
>|required to produce children, but in the spiritual world
>|one can produce as many children as he likes without having
>|to take help from his wife. Because we have no experience
>|with spiritual energy, we think that Brahma's birth from
>|the navel of Visnu is simply a fictional story. We are not
>|aware that spiritual energy is so powerful that it can do
>|anything and everything. Material energy is dependent on
>|certain laws, but spiritual energy is fully independent.
2030|Brahma is born from the navel of Garbhodakasayi Visnu, who
>|is but a partial manifestation of the Maha-Visnu. Countless
>|universes reside like seeds within the skin pores of the
>|Maha-Visnu, and when He exhales, they all are manifest. In
>|the material world we have no experience of such a thing,
>|but we do experience a perverted reflection in the
>|phenomenon of perspiration. We cannot imagine, however, the
>|duration of one breath of the Maha-Visnu, for within one
>|breath all of the universes are created and annihilated.
>|Lord Brahma only lives for the duration of one breath, and
>|according to our time scale 4,320,000,000 years constitute
>|only twelve hours of Brahma, and Brahma lives one hundred
>|of his years. Yet the whole life of Brahma is contained
>|within one breath of the Maha-Visnu. Thus it is not
>|possible for us to imagine the breathing power of the
>|Supreme Lord. That Maha-Visnu is but a partial
>|manifestation of Krsna.
2031|Thus Krsnadasa Kaviraja Gosvami discusses Lord Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu as Sri Krsna Himself, the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead, and Lord Nityananda as Balarama, the first
>|expansion of Krsna. Advaitacarya, another principal
>|disciple of Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu's, is accepted as an
>|expansion of the Maha-Visnu. Thus Advaitacarya is also the
>|Lord, or, more precisely, an expansion of the Lord. The
>|word advaita means nondual, and his name is such because he
>|is nondifferent from the Supreme Lord. He is also called
>|acarya, teacher, because he disseminated Krsna
>|consciousness. In this way he is just like Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu. Although Caitanya is Sri Krsna Himself, He
>|appears as a devotee to teach people in general how to love
>|Krsna. Similarly, Advaitacarya appeared just to distribute
>|the knowledge of Krsna consciousness. Thus he is also the
>|Lord incarnated as a devotee. Krsna is manifested in five
>|different expansions, and He and all of His associates
>|appear as devotees of the Supreme Lord in the form of Sri
>|Krsna Caitanya, Nityananda, Advaitacarya, Gadadhara,
>|Srivasa and others. In all cases, Caitanya Mahaprabhu is
>|the source of energy for all His devotees. Since this is
>|the case, if we take shelter of Caitanya Mahaprabhu for the
>|successful execution of Krsna consciousness, we are sure to
>|make progress. One devotional song by Narottama dasa
>|Thakura states: "My dear Lord Caitanya, please have mercy
>|upon me. There is no one who is as merciful as You. My plea
>|is most urgent because Your mission is to deliver fallen
>|souls, and no one is more fallen than I. I beg priority."
2032|The author of Caitanya-caritamrta, Krsnadasa Kaviraja
>|Gosvami, was an inhabitant of Vrndavana and a great devotee.
>| He had been living with his family in Katwa, a small town
>|in the district of Burdwan in Bengal. His family also
>|worshiped Radha-Krsna, and once when there was some
>|misunderstanding amongst his family about devotional
>|service, Krsnadasa Kaviraja was advised by Nityananda
>|Prabhu in a dream to leave home and go to Vrndavana.
>|Although he was very old, he started out that very night
>|and went to live in Vrndavana. While he was there, he met
>|some of the Gosvamis, principal disciples of Lord Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu. He was requested to write Caitanya-caritamrta
>|by the devotees of Vrndavana. Although he began this work
>|at a very old age, by the grace of Lord Caitanya he
>|finished it. Today it remains the most authoritative book
>|on Caitanya's philosophy and life.
2033|When Krsnadasa Kaviraja Gosvami was living in Vrndavana,
>|there were not very many temples. At that time Madana-
>|mohana, Govindaji and Gopinatha were the three principal
>|temples. As a resident of Vrndavana, he offered his
>|respects to the Deities in these temples and requested God'
>|s favor: "My progress in spiritual life is very slow, so l'
>|m asking Your help." In Caitanya-caritamrta, Krsnadasa
>|first offers his obeisances to Madana-mohana vigraha, the
>|Deity who can help us progress in Krsna consciousness. In
>|the execution of Krsna consciousness, our first business is
>|to know Krsna and our relationship with Him. To know Krsna
>|is to know one's self, and to know one's self is to know
>|one's relationship with Krsna. Since this relationship can
>|be learned by worshiping Madana-mohana vigraha, Krsnadasa
>|Kaviraja Gosvami first establishes his relationship with
>|Him.
2034|When this is established, Krsnadasa begins to worship the
>|functional Deity, Govinda. Govinda resides eternally in
>|Vrndavana. In the spiritual world of Vrndavana the
>|buildings are made of touchstone, the cows are known as
>|surabhi cows, givers of abundant milk, and the trees are
>|known as wish-fulfilling trees, for they yield whatever one
>|desires. In Vrndavana Krsna herds the surabhi cows, and He
>|is worshiped by hundreds and thousands of gopis, cowherd
>|girls, who are all goddesses of fortune. When Krsna
>|descends to the material world, this same Vrndavana
>|descends just as an entourage accompanies an important
>|personage. Because when Krsna comes, His land also comes,
>|Vrndavana is not considered to exist in the material world.
>|Therefore devotees take shelter of the Vrndavana in India,
>|for it is considered to be a replica of the original
>|Vrndavana. Although one may complain that no kalpa-vrksa,
>|wish-fulfilling trees, exist there, when the Gosvamis were
>|there, the kalpa-vrksa were present. It is not that one can
>|simply go to such a tree and make demands; one must first
>|become a devotee. The Gosvamis would live under a tree for
>|one night only, and the trees would satisfy all their
>|desires. For the common man this may all seem very
>|wonderful, but as one makes progress in devotional service,
>|all this can be realized.
2035|Vrndavana is actually experienced as it is by persons who
>|have stopped trying to derive pleasure from material
>|enjoyment. "When will my mind become cleansed of all
>|hankering for material enjoyment so I will be able to see
>|Vrndavana?" one great devotee asks. The more Krsna
>|conscious we become and the more we advance, the more
>|everything is revealed as spiritual. Thus Krsnadasa
>|Kaviraja Gosvami considered Vrndavana in India to be as
>|good as the Vrndavana in the spiritual sky, and in Caitanya-
>|caritamrta he describes Radharani and Krsna as seated
>|beneath a wish-fulfilling tree in Vrndavana on a throne
>|decorated with valuable jewels. There Krsna's dear friends,
>|the cowherd boys and the gopis, serve Radha and Krsna by
>|singing, dancing, offering betel nuts and refreshments and
>|decorating Their Lordships with flowers. Even today in
>|India people decorate thrones and recreate this scene
>|during the month of July. Generally at that time people go
>|to Vrndavana to offer their respects to the Deities there.
2036|Krsnadasa Kaviraja Gosvami maintains that the Radha and
>|Krsna Deities show us how to serve Radha and Krsna. The
>|Madana-mohana Deities simply establish that "I am Your
>|eternal servant." With Govinda, however, there is actual
>|acceptance of service, and therefore He is called the
>|functional Deity. The Gopinatha Deity is Krsna as master
>|and proprietor of the gopis. He attracted all the gopis, or
>|cowherd girls, by the sound of His flute, and when they
>|came, He danced with them. These activities are all
>|described in the Tenth Canto of Srimad-Bhagavatam. These
>|gopis were childhood friends of Krsna, and they were all
>|married, for in India the girls are married by the age of
>|twelve. The boys, however, are not married before eighteen
>|so Krsna, who was fifteen or sixteen at the time, was not
>|married. Nonetheless He called these girls from their homes
>|and invited them to dance with Him. That dance is called
>|the rasa-lila dance, and it is the most elevated of all the
>|Vrndavana pastimes. Krsna is therefore called Gopinatha
>|because He is the beloved master of the gopis.
2037|Krsnadasa Kaviraja Gosvami petitions the blessings of Lord
>|Gopinatha. "May that Gopinatha, the master of the gopis,
>|Krsna, bless you. May you become blessed by Gopinatha."
>|Just as Krsna attracted the gopis by the sweet sound of His
>|flute, the author of Caitanya-caritamrta prays that He will
>|also attract the reader's mind by His transcendental
>|vibration. It is the purpose of this book, Teachings of
>|Lord Caitanya, to transmit the essence of that vibration in
>|an easily readable summary study.
2038|TLC 1: Teachings to Rupa Gosvami
2039|Chapter One:
2040|Teachings to Rupa Gosvami
2041|Srila Rupa Gosvami, the younger brother of Sanatana Gosvami,
>| went to Prayaga, the modern city of Allahabad, with his
>|younger brother Vallabha. When the two brothers heard that
>|Lord Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu was staying there, they both
>|became very happy and went to see the Lord. At that time
>|the Lord was on His way to visit the temple Bindumadhava.
>|On the way to the temple, the Lord was chanting and dancing,
>| and thousands of people were following Him. Some of these
>|people were crying, and some were laughing. Some were
>|dancing, and some were singing, and some were falling on
>|the ground, offering obeisances to the Lord. In all cases,
>|all of them were roaring the holy name of Krsna. It is said
>|that in spite of being at the confluence of the rivers
>|Ganges and Yamuna, Prayaga was never flooded until the
>|appearance of Caitanya Mahaprabhu, at which time the city
>|was overflooded by love of Krsna.
2042|The two brothers, Rupa Gosvami and Vallabha, stayed aloof
>|in an uncrowded place and witnessed the great crowd and
>|wonderful scene. When the Lord danced, He raised His arms
>|and shouted, "Haribol! Haribol!" The people all about Him
>|were astonished to see His wonderful activities. After
>|visiting the temple, the Lord accepted prasada (food
>|offered to the Deity) at the house of a Deccanist (Southern)
>| brahmana. While at the brahmana's home, the Lord was
>|visited by Rupa Gosvami and Vallabha. From a distance the
>|two brothers fell down on the ground to offer obeisances,
>|and they chanted many Sanskrit verses from the scriptures.
>|When the Lord saw Rupa Gosvami offering obeisances before
>|Him, He became very pleased and asked him to get up. The
>|Lord then informed Rupa Gosvami of the causeless mercy of
>|Krsna upon him, for Krsna had just delivered him from a
>|materialistic way of life based simply on pound-shilling-
>|pence.
2043|The Lord accepted the two brothers as His own devotees, and
>|He cited one verse from the scriptures which stated that it
>|is possible for a brahmana, who has studied the four Vedas,
>|to not be accepted as a devotee of the Lord and that a pure
>|devotee could come from a very low family and yet be
>|accepted by Him. Then the Lord embraced the two brothers,
>|and, out of His causeless mercy, touched their heads with
>|His lotus feet. Being blessed in this way, the brothers
>|offered prayers to the Lord in their own words. The prayers
>|indicated that Lord Sri Krsna Caitanya Mahaprabhu was Krsna
>|Himself, that He had assumed the form and fair complexion
>|of Caitanya and was thus known as Gauranga (the golden one),
>| and that He was the most munificent incarnation of Krsna
>|because He was distributing love of Krsna. Srila Rupa
>|Gosvami also quoted one verse which was later found in the
>|book Govinda-lilamrta (1.2):
2044|yo 'jnana-mattam bhuvanam dayalur
2045|ullaghayann apy akarot pramattam
2046|svaprema-sampat-sudhayadbhuteham
2047|sri-krsna-caitanyam amum prapadye
2048|"Let me surrender unto the lotus feet of Sri Krsna Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu, who is the most merciful Personality of Godhead.
>| He delivers those souls who are merged in ignorance and
>|offers them the highest gift, love of Krsna, and thus makes
>|them mad for Krsna consciousness."
2049|After this incident, Vallabha Bhatta invited the Lord to go
>|to the other side of the Ganges, and the Lord went. From
>|that moment on, wherever the Lord went, Rupa Gosvami would
>|follow Him and stay with Him. Because the Lord felt
>|inconvenienced in crowded places, He asked Rupa Gosvami to
>|accompany Him to a place on the banks of the Ganges known
>|as Dasasvamedha-ghata. For ten days He instructed Rupa
>|Gosvami about the truth of Krsna, the principles of
>|devotional service and the transcendental relationships
>|with Krsna. All of this was described in full detail so
>|that in the future Rupa Gosvami could distribute this
>|science of Krsna in his book Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu. Indeed,
>| Srila Rupa Gosvami described this incident in the first
>|verse of Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu, in which he speaks of the
>|causeless mercy of the Lord upon him.
2050|The Supreme Lord is cognizant and all-powerful, and by His
>|causeless mercy He empowers a living entity to receive His
>|mercy. Being under the spell of conditional life, people in
>|general are averse to rendering devotional service and
>|practicing Krsna consciousness. In fact, most people are
>|unaware of the principal teachings of Krsna consciousness
>|regarding one's eternal relationship with the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead and the ultimate goal of life, which
>|is to return home, back to Godhead. Nor are people aware of
>|the process by which one can return to the spiritual world.
>|Because these important subject matters are unknown to the
>|conditioned soul, Lord Caitanya, out of His causeless mercy,
>| instructed Rupa Gosvami in the principles of devotional
>|service. Later, for the good of the people in general, Rupa
>|Gosvami distributed this information of the science of
>|devotional service.
2051|In the prologue to Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (1.1.2), Rupa
>|Gosvami wrote the following:
2052|hrdi yasya preranaya pravartito 'ham varaka-rupo 'pi
2053|tasya hareh pada-kamalam vande caitanya-devasya
2054|"I offer my respectful obeisances unto the lotus feet of
>|the Supreme Personality of Godhead, known as Lord
>|Caitanyadeva, because due to His inspiration I feel the
>|desire within my heart to write something about devotional
>|service. For this reason I am engaged in writing this book
>|on the science of devotion known as Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu."
2055|When Lord Caitanya began His instructions to Rupa Gosvami,
>|He first told him, "My dear Rupa, the science of devotional
>|service is just like the great ocean, and it is not
>|possible to show you all its length and breadth. However, I
>|shall try to explain the nature of that ocean by taking
>|just one drop out of it. In this way you can taste it and
>|understand what that ocean of devotional service actually
>|is.
2056|The Lord then explained that within this brahmanda, or
>|universe, there are innumerable living entities who,
>|according to their own fruitive activities, are
>|transmigrating from one species of life to another and from
>|one planet to another. In this way their encagement in
>|material existence has been continuing since time
>|immemorial. In actuality, these living entities are atomic
>|parts and parcels of the supreme spirit. It is said in the
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam that the length and breadth of the
>|individual soul is approximately 1/10,000th part of the tip
>|of a hair-in other words, it is so small that it is
>|invisible. This is also confirmed in the Svetasvatara
>|Upanisad. In the Tenth Canto of Srimad-Bhagavatam, one of
>|the four Kumaras, known as Sanandana, gave the following
>|speech upon performing a great sacrifice: "O Supreme Truth!
>|If the living entities were not infinitesimal sparks of the
>|supreme spirit, each minute spark would be all-pervading
>|and would not be controlled by a superior power. But if the
>|living entity is accepted as a minute part and parcel of
>|the Supreme Lord he automatically becomes controlled by a
>|supreme energy or power. The latter is his actual
>|constitutional position, and if he remains in this position
>|he can attain full freedom." (SB 10.87.30) If one
>|mistakenly considers his position to be equal to that of
>|the Supreme Personality of Godhead, he becomes contaminated
>|by the doctrine of nonduality, and his efforts in
>|transcendental life are rendered ineffective.
2057|Lord Caitanya elaborated on these teachings of Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam by pointing out that there are two kinds of
>|living entities-the eternally liberated and the eternally
>|conditioned. The eternally conditioned living entities can
>|be divided into two types-moving and nonmoving. Those
>|entities which cannot move-like trees, for example-remain
>|in one place and are classified as nonmoving entities, and
>|those that move-such as the birds and beasts-are called
>|jangama (moving entities) and are further divided into
>|three categories: those that fly in the sky, those that
>|swim in the water, and those that walk on land. Out of the
>|many millions and trillions of living entities on land,
>|human beings comprise only a small portion. Out of that
>|small number of human beings, most are totally ignorant of
>|spiritual life, are unclean in their habits and have no
>|faith in the existence of the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead. In short, most human beings live like animals.
>|These can actually be deducted from the number of human
>|beings that comprise human or civilized life. It is very
>|difficult to find a few human beings who believe in the
>|scriptures and the existence of God, or, for that matter,
>|in proper behavior. Those who do believe in the value of
>|these things are known as arya, a word denoting those who
>|believe in advancing in spiritual life. Out of those who
>|believe in the value of the scriptures and the advancement
>|of human civilization, there are two classes-the righteous
>|and the unrighteous. Those who are righteous generally
>|execute fruitive activities in order to derive some good
>|result for sense gratification. Out of many such persons
>|who engage in righteous activities for sense gratification,
>|only a few come to know about the Absolute Truth. These are
>|called jnanis, empiric philosophers. Out of many hundreds
>|and thousands of such empiric philosophers, only a handful
>|actually attain liberation. When one is liberated, he
>|theoretically understands that the living entity is not
>|composed of material elements but is spirit soul, distinct
>|from matter. Simply by theoretically understanding this
>|doctrine, one can be called liberated, but actually a mukta,
>| or liberated soul, is he who understands his
>|constitutional position as an eternal servant of the Lord.
>|Such liberated souls engage with faith and devotion in the
>|service of the Lord, and they are called krsna-bhaktas, or
>|Krsna conscious persons.
2058|Krsna-bhaktas are free from all material desires. Those who
>|are liberated theoretically by knowing simply that the
>|living entity is not material may still have desires,
>|although they may be technically classified amongst
>|liberated souls. Their main desire is to become one with
>|the Supreme Personality of Godhead. Generally such persons
>|are very much attached to Vedic rituals and righteous
>|activities, performing them in order to enjoy material
>|prosperity. Even when some of them transcend material
>|enjoyment, they still try to enjoy the spiritual world by
>|merging into the existence of the Supreme Lord. Some of
>|them are also desirous of attaining mystic powers through
>|the execution of yoga. As long as these desires are within
>|one's heart, he cannot understand the nature of pure
>|devotional service. When one is constantly being agitated
>|by such desires, he is not peaceful. Indeed, as long as
>|there is any desire for material perfection at all, one
>|cannot be at peace. Since the devotees of Lord Krsna do not
>|desire anything material, they are the only peaceful
>|persons within this material world. This is confirmed in
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam:
2059|muktanam api siddhanam
2060|narayana-parayanah
2061|sudurlabhah prasantatma
2062|kotisv api mahamune
2063|"O great sage, out of many millions of liberated persons
>|and persons who have achieved success in mystic yoga, one
>|who is completely devoted to the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead and who is filled with peace is very hard to find."
>|(SB 6.14.5)
2064|In this way Lord Caitanya explained that of the many
>|thousands and millions of living entities wandering in the
>|material world, one who by the grace of Lord Krsna and the
>|spiritual master gets the seed of devotional service is
>|very rare and fortunate. A pious or religious man is
>|generally inclined to worship deities in various temples,
>|but if by chance, even without his knowledge, he offers his
>|obeisances to Lord Visnu or receives the favor of a
>|Vaisnava, a devotee of the Lord, he at that time acquires
>|the asset necessary to approach the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead. This is clearly understood from the life story of
>|the great sage Narada, which is related in Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam. By serving Vaisnavas in his previous life,
>|Narada was favored by the devotees of the Lord and became a
>|great sage. Indeed, amongst sages Narada Muni is considered
>|to be the greatest.
2065|Vaisnavas, or devotees, are usually very compassionate upon
>|conditioned souls. Without even being invited, a devotee
>|will go from door to door to enlighten people and to bring
>|them out of the darkness of nescience by injecting
>|knowledge of the living entity's constitutional position as
>|a servant of Lord Krsna. Such devotees are empowered by the
>|Lord to distribute devotional consciousness, or Krsna
>|consciousness, to the people in general. They are known as
>|authorized spiritual masters, and it is by their mercy that
>|a conditioned soul gets the seed of devotional service. The
>|causeless mercy of the Supreme Personality of Godhead is
>|first appreciated when one comes in touch with a bona fide
>|spiritual master who can bring the conditioned soul to the
>|highest position of devotional life. Therefore Lord
>|Caitanya said that by the mercy of the spiritual master one
>|can achieve the causeless mercy of the Lord, and by the
>|mercy of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, one can attain
>|the mercy of the bona fide spiritual master.
2066|Thus by the mercy of the spiritual master and Krsna, one
>|receives the seed of devotional service. He has only to sow
>|the seed in the field of his heart, just as a gardener sows
>|the seed of a valuable tree. After sowing this seed, one
>|has to water it in the form of chanting and hearing the
>|holy name of the Supreme Lord or by taking part in
>|discussions about the science of devotional service in a
>|society of pure devotees. When the plant of devotional
>|service sprouts up from the seed of devotion, it begins to
>|grow freely. When it is full grown, it surpasses the length
>|and breadth of this universe and enters into the
>|transcendental atmosphere, where everything is bathed in
>|the effulgence of the brahmajyoti. The plant even
>|penetrates this brahmajyoti and gradually enters the planet
>|known as Goloka Vrndavana. There the plant takes shelter at
>|the lotus feet of Krsna. That is the ultimate goal of
>|devotional service. After attaining this position, the
>|plant produces fruit, which is known as the fruit of love
>|of Godhead. However, it is necessary for the devotee, or
>|transcendental gardener, to pour water on the plant daily
>|by chanting and hearing. Unless one waters the plant by
>|chanting and hearing, there is every chance that it will
>|dry up.
2067|Lord Caitanya pointed out to Rupa Gosvami that there was a
>|certain danger to be encountered while watering the root of
>|the devotional plant. After the plant has grown some bit,
>|an animal may come and either eat or destroy it. When green
>|leaves of a plant are taken by some animal, the plant
>|generally dies. The most dangerous animal is considered a
>|mad elephant, for if a mad elephant enters into a garden,
>|it causes tremendous damage to plants and trees. An offense
>|to a pure devotee of the Lord is called vaisnavaparadha,
>|the mad elephant offense. In the discharge of devotional
>|service, an offense to the feet of a pure devotee can
>|create havoc. Thus one has to defend the plant of bhakti by
>|tending it properly and taking care not to commit offenses.
>|If one is cautious, the plant can properly thrive.
2068|There are ten principal offenses which can be committed
>|against the holy name. The first is to blaspheme the great
>|devotees who have tried to spread the glories of the holy
>|name throughout the world. The holy name of Krsna is
>|nondifferent from Krsna, and one who attempts to spread the
>|holy names throughout the world is beloved of Him. Krsna
>|Himself does not tolerate offenses against His pure
>|devotees. The second offense is to deny that Lord Visnu is
>|the Absolute Truth. There is no difference between His name,
>| quality, form, pastimes and activities, and one who sees a
>|difference is considered an offender. The Lord is Supreme,
>|and no one is equal to or greater than Him. Consequently if
>|one thinks that the Lord's names are nondifferent from the
>|names of demigods, he offends. The Supreme Lord and the
>|demigods should never be considered on the same level.
2069|The third offense is to consider the bona fide spiritual
>|master to be a common man. The fourth offense is to
>|blaspheme Vedic literature and authorized scriptures like
>|the Puranas. The fifth offense is to consider the glories
>|attributed to the holy names to be exaggerations. The sixth
>|offense is to concoct perverted theories about the holy
>|name. The seventh offense is to commit sinful activities on
>|the strength of chanting the holy name. It is understood
>|that by chanting the holy names one is free from sinful
>|reactions, but this does not mean that one should act
>|sinfully on the strength of chanting. That is the greatest
>|offense. The eighth offense is to consider that religious
>|rituals, austerity, sacrifices or other forms of
>|renunciation are equal to chanting the holy name. Chanting
>|the holy name is as good as associating with the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead. Pious activities are only means to
>|approach the Supreme Personality of Godhead, and they can
>|even be performed for some material reason. The ninth
>|offense is to preach the glories of the holy name of God to
>|a faithless person who is not interested in hearing them.
>|The tenth and last offense is to maintain material
>|attachment even after hearing and chanting the holy names
>|of God. The idea is that by chanting the holy name without
>|offense, one can obtain elevation to the liberated platform.
>| On the liberated platform one is freed from all material
>|attachment. Thus if one chants the holy names and still has
>|material attachments, he must be committing some offense.
2070|There are also other factors which disturb the plant of
>|devotional service. Along with this plant the weeds of
>|material desires also grow. When a person advances in
>|bhakti, it is natural that many persons will come to him
>|requesting to become disciples and will offer him some
>|material gains. If one is attracted by a large number of
>|disciples and material conveniences offered by these
>|disciples and forgets his duty as a bona fide master, the
>|growth of the plant will be impeded. Simply by taking
>|advantage of material conveniences one may become addicted
>|to enjoying material comforts.
2071|It is also considered to be disadvantageous to desire
>|liberation. The only desire should be the desire to render
>|service. Neglect of restrictions and prohibitions is also
>|disadvantageous. The prohibitions are mentioned in the
>|authorized scriptures: One should not indulge in illicit
>|sex life, intoxication, meat eating or gambling. These
>|things are forbidden to one who is attempting devotional
>|service. If one does not follow these principles strictly,
>|there may be a severe disturbance in the discharge of
>|devotional service.
2072|If one is not particularly careful, even by watering the
>|plant of devotional service, unnecessary weeds will grow
>|and hamper progress. The idea is that when one waters a
>|garden, not only does the desired plant grow more rapidly,
>|but the unwanted plants grow also. If the gardener does not
>|see these impediments and take them out, they will overcome
>|and choke the plant of devotion. If, however, one is
>|careful to guard against the growth of unwanted plants, the
>|plant of devotion grows luxuriantly and reaches the
>|ultimate goal, Goloka Vrndavana. When the living entity
>|engaged in devotional service relishes the fruit of love of
>|Godhead, he forgets all religious ritual and improvements
>|in his economic condition. He no longer desires to satisfy
>|his senses, and he no longer desires to become one with the
>|Supreme Lord by merging into His effulgence.
2073|There are many phases of spiritual knowledge and
>|transcendental bliss. On one platform are the ritualistic
>|sacrifices recommended in the Vedas, the execution of
>|austerities and pious duties, and the practice of mystic
>|yoga. These all reward different results to their performer.
>| The rewards of these practices, however, appear to be very
>|glittering as long as one is not elevated to the
>|transcendental loving service of the Lord. Love of God is
>|dormant in everyone, and it can be awakened from its
>|dormant position by the execution of pure devotional
>|service, just as a person bitten by a serpent can be
>|awakened by ammonia.
2074|After speaking in this way about devotional service, Lord
>|Caitanya begins to describe devotional service and its
>|symptoms to Rupa Gosvami. He explains that in pure
>|devotional service there can be no desire other than the
>|desire to advance in Krsna consciousness. In Krsna
>|consciousness there is no scope for worshiping any demigod
>|or any other form of Krsna, nor is there room for
>|indulgence in speculative empiric philosophy, nor
>|indulgence in fruitive activities. One should be free from
>|all these contaminations. A devotee should accept only
>|those things that are favorable to keep his body and soul
>|together and should reject those things that increase the
>|demands of the body. Only the bare necessities for bodily
>|maintenance should be accepted. By minimizing bodily
>|necessities, one can primarily devote his time to the
>|cultivation of Krsna consciousness through the chanting of
>|the holy names of God. Pure devotional service means
>|engaging all the senses of the body in the service of the
>|Lord. At the present moment, our senses are all designated
>|because the body is designated. Consequently we think that
>|this body belongs to a particular society or a particular
>|country or a particular family. In this way the body is
>|bound by so many designations. Similarly, the senses belong
>|to the body, and when the body is subject to such
>|designations, the senses are also. Thus the senses engage
>|themselves on behalf of family, society, nation and so on.
>|When they are so engaged, they cannot cultivate Krsna
>|consciousness. The senses must be purified, and this is
>|possible when one purely understands that he belongs to
>|Krsna and that his life belongs to Krsna. The devotee
>|should see his identity as an eternal servant of Krsna. In
>|this way one can engage his senses in the service of the
>|Lord. Such engagement is called pure devotional service.
2075|A pure devotee accepts the transcendental loving service of
>|the Lord but rejects all kinds of liberation for his
>|personal sense gratification. In Srimad-Bhagavatam (3.29.11-
>|13) Lord Kapila explains that as soon as a pure devotee
>|hears the glories and transcendental qualities of the
>|Supreme Personality of Godhead, who is seated in everyone's
>|heart, his mind immediately flows toward the Lord, just as
>|the waters of the Ganges flow toward the sea. Such
>|spontaneous attraction to the service of the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead is most important to pure devotional
>|service. Devotional service is pure when one engages in the
>|service of the Supreme Lord without any motive and without
>|being hampered with material impediments. The pure devotee
>|does not desire to live on the same planet with the Supreme
>|Lord, nor does he desire the same opulence as the Lord, nor
>|does he desire to have the same form as the Lord, nor to
>|live with Him side by side, nor to merge into His existence,
>| etc. Even if the devotee were offered such rewards by the
>|Lord, he would reject them. The point is that a devotee is
>|so much absorbed in the transcendental loving service of
>|the Lord that he has no time to think of any benefit beyond
>|his immediate engagement. Just as an ordinary materialistic
>|businessman thinks of nothing else when he is absorbed in
>|his business, a pure devotee, when engaged in the service
>|of the Lord, does not think of anything beyond that
>|engagement.
2076|If one is so absorbed in the rendering of service, he can
>|be understood to be elevated to the highest position of
>|bhakti. By such transcendental loving service alone can one
>|surpass the influence of maya and relish pure love of
>|Godhead. As long as one desires material benefit or
>|liberation, which are called the two witches of allurement,
>|he cannot relish the taste of transcendental loving service
>|to the Supreme Lord.
2077|There are three stages of devotional service: The first is
>|the beginning stage of cultivation, the second is the
>|realization of service, and the third, the supreme stage,
>|is the attainment of love of Godhead. There are nine
>|different methods of cultivating devotional service-such as
>|hearing, chanting, remembering, etc.-and all these
>|processes are employed in the first stage. If one is
>|engaged in chanting and hearing with devotion and faith,
>|his material misgivings gradually become vanquished. As his
>|faith in devotional service gradually increases, he becomes
>|assured of a higher perfectional position. In this way one
>|can become firmly fixed in devotion, increase his taste for
>|it, become attached and feel ecstasy. This ecstasy occurs
>|in the preliminary stage of love of Godhead. Attainment of
>|ecstasy is produced by execution of devotional service.
>|When one continues the process of hearing and chanting,
>|attachment grows and assumes the name of love of Godhead.
2078|When one attains the third stage of transcendental love of
>|God, there occur further developments known as
>|transcendental affection, emotion, ecstasy, and extreme and
>|intense attachment. These are technically known by the
>|terms raga, anuraga, bhava and mahabhava. The progress from
>|one stage to another can be compared to the thickening of
>|sugar candy juice. In the first stage sugar candy juice is
>|like a thin liquid. When, by evaporation, it becomes
>|thicker and thicker, it turns into molasses. Finally it
>|turns into granules and becomes sugar, rock candy and so on.
>| Just as liquid sugar juice progresses from one stage to
>|another, similarly transcendental love for the Supreme Lord
>|develops by stages.
2079|When one actually becomes situated on the transcendental
>|platform, he becomes steady. Unless one is so situated, his
>|position may not be steady and he may fall down. When one
>|is actually situated transcendentally, there is no fear of
>|falling down. This stage of understanding is technically
>|called sthayi-bhava. There are even stages beyond this
>|position, and they are known as vibhava, anubhava, sattvika
>|and vyabhicari. After one attains these, there is actually
>|an exchange of rasa, or transcendental activity with the
>|Supreme Lord. This exchange in loving reciprocation between
>|the lover and the beloved is generally called krsna-bhakti-
>|rasa. It should be noted that the transcendental loving
>|exchanges stand on the steadfast position of sthayi-bhava,
>|as explained before. The basic principle of vibhava is
>|sthayi-bhava, and all other activities are auxiliary for
>|the development of transcendental love.
2080|The ecstasy of transcendental love has two components-the
>|context and the cause of the excitement. The context is
>|also divided into two parts-the subject and the object. The
>|exchange of devotional service is the subject, and Krsna is
>|the object. The transcendental qualities are the causes of
>|excitement. This means that the transcendental qualities of
>|Krsna excite the devotee to serve Him. The impersonal (
>|Mayavadi) philosophers say that the Absolute Truth has no
>|specific qualities, but the Vaisnava philosophers say that
>|the Absolute Truth is described as nirguna (without
>|qualities) because He has no material qualities. This is
>|not to say that He does not have spiritual qualities.
>|Indeed, the Lord's spiritual qualities are so great and so
>|enchanting that they can even attract a liberated person.
>|This is explained in the atmarama verse of the Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam where it is said that those who are already
>|situated on the platform of self-realization are attracted
>|by the transcendental qualities of Krsna. This means that
>|Krsna's qualities are not material but pure and
>|transcendental.
2081|The higher stage of ecstasy can be characterized by the
>|following thirteen transcendental activities: (1) dancing, (
>|2) rolling on the floor, (3) singing, (4) clapping, (5)
>|bristling of the hairs of the body, (6) thundering, (7)
>|yawning, (8) breathing heavily, (9) forgetting social
>|conventions, (10) salivating, (11) laughing, (12) aching, (
>|13) coughing. All these symptoms are not awakened
>|simultaneously; they act according to the exchange of
>|transcendental relationships. Sometimes one symptom is
>|prominent, and at another time another is prominent.
2082|The transcendental rasas, or relationships, can be divided
>|into five. The initial stage is called santa-rati, wherein
>|one who is liberated from material contamination
>|appreciates the greatness of the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead. One who attains this stage does not exactly engage
>|in the transcendental loving service of the Lord, for this
>|is a neutral stage. In the second stage, which is called
>|dasya-rati, a person appreciates his position as being
>|everlastingly subordinate to the Supreme Lord, and he
>|understands that he is eternally dependent on the causeless
>|mercy of the Supreme Person. At that same time there is an
>|awakening of natural affection, such as is felt by a son
>|who grows up and begins to appreciate his father's
>|benedictions. At this stage the living entity wants to
>|serve the Supreme Lord instead of serving maya, illusion.
>|In the third stage, called sakhya-rati, transcendental love
>|is developed, and one associates with the Supreme on an
>|equal level of love and respect. As this stage is further
>|developed, there is joking and such relaxed exchanges as
>|laughing and so on. On this level there are fraternal
>|exchanges with the Supreme Person, and one is free from all
>|bondage. At this stage one practically forgets his inferior
>|position as a living entity, but at the same time he has
>|the greatest respect for the Supreme Person.
2083|In the fourth stage, called vatsalya-rati, the fraternal
>|affection evinced in the preceding stage develops into
>|paternal affection. At this time the living entity tries to
>|be the parent of God. Instead of worshiping the Lord, the
>|living entity, as a parent of the Supreme, becomes an
>|object of worship for the Supreme Person. At this stage the
>|Lord depends on the mercy of His pure devotee and puts
>|Himself under the control of the devotee to be raised. The
>|devotee in this stage attains the position wherein he can
>|embrace the Supreme Lord and even kiss His head. In the
>|fifth stage, called madhura-rati, there is an actual
>|transcendental exchange of conjugal love between the lover
>|and the beloved. It is at this stage that Krsna and the
>|damsels of Vraja glanced at one another, for on this
>|platform there is an exchange of loving glances, motions of
>|the eyes, pleasant words, attractive smiles, etc.
2084|Besides these five primary rasas, or relationships, there
>|are seven secondary rasas which consist of laughing, having
>|wonderful visions, entering into a chivalrous relationship,
>|experiencing pity, feeling anger and experiencing
>|ghastliness and devastation. For example, Bhisma related to
>|Krsna as a warrior in the chivalrous rasa. Hiranyakasipu,
>|however, experienced an exchange of the ghastly and
>|devastating rasa. The five primary rasas constantly remain
>|within the heart of the pure devotee, and the seven
>|secondary rasas sometimes appear and disappear to enrich
>|the flavors and tastes of the primary ones. After enriching
>|the primary rasas, they disappear.
2085|Examples of santa-bhaktas, or devotees in the neutral stage,
>| are the nine yogis named Kavi, Havi, Antariksa, Prabuddha,
>|Pippalayana, Avirhotra, Dravida or Drumila, Camasa and
>|Karabhajana. The four Kumaras (Sanaka, Sanandana,
>|Sanatkumara and Sanatana) are also examples of this stage.
>|Examples of devotees in the second stage, the dasya stage
>|of servitorship, are Raktaka, Citraka and Patraka in the
>|Gokula rasa. These all function as servants of Krsna. In
>|Dvaraka there is Daruka, and in the Vaikuntha planets there
>|are Hanuman and others. Devotees in the third stage, the
>|stage of friendship, are Sridama in Vrndavana and Bhima and
>|Arjuna in Dvaraka and on the Battlefield of Kuruksetra.
>|There are many others also. As far as those relating to
>|Krsna in paternal love, they include devotees like Yasoda
>|and Maharaja Nanda-that is, Krsna's mother, father, uncle
>|and similar relatives. In conjugal love there are the
>|damsels of Vraja, Vrndavana, and the queens and goddesses
>|of fortune in Dvaraka. No one can count the vast number of
>|devotees in this rasa.
2086|Attachment to Krsna can also be broken down into two
>|categories. On one platform there is attachment with awe
>|and veneration. This type of attachment might be
>|characterized by a certain lack of freedom, and it is
>|exhibited in Mathura and in the Vaikuntha planets. In these
>|abodes of the Lord, the spirit of transcendental loving
>|service is restricted. However, in Gokula Vrndavana, love
>|is freely exchanged, and although the cowherd boys and
>|damsels of Vrndavana know that Krsna is the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead, they do not show awe and veneration
>|because of the great intimacy of their relationship with
>|Him. In the five principal transcendental relationships,
>|awe and veneration are sometimes impediments obscuring the
>|Lord's actual greatness and sometimes they actually impede
>|one's service to the Lord. When there is friendship,
>|paternal affection and conjugal love, however such awe and
>|veneration are reduced. For instance, when Krsna appeared
>|as the son of Vasudeva and Devaki, His parents prayed to
>|the Lord with awe and veneration because they understood
>|that the Supreme Lord Krsna or Visnu had appeared before
>|them as their little child. This is confirmed in Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam (10.44.51). Although the Supreme Lord was
>|present as their child, Devaki and Vasudeva began to pray
>|to Him. Similarly, when Arjuna saw the universal form of
>|the Lord, he was so afraid that he begged pardon for his
>|dealings with Krsna as an intimate friend. As a friend,
>|Arjuna often behaved unceremoniously with the Lord, and
>|upon seeing the awesome universal form, Arjuna said:
2087|sakheti matva prasabham yad uktam
2088|he krsna he yadava he sakheti
2089|ajanata mahimanam tavedam
2090|maya pramadat pranayena vapi
2091|yac cavahasartham asatkrto 'si
2092|vihara-sayyasana-bhojanesu
2093|eko 'thavapy acyuta tat-samaksam
2094|tat ksamaye tvam aham aprameyam
2095|"I have in the past addressed You as 'O Krsna,' 'O Yadava,'
>|'O my friend,' without knowing Your glories. Please forgive
>|whatever I may have done in madness or in love. I have
>|dishonored You many times while relaxing or while lying on
>|the same bed or eating together, sometimes alone and
>|sometimes in front of many friends. Please excuse me for
>|all my offenses." (Bg. 11.41-42)
2096|Similarly, when Krsna was playing jokes on Rukmini, she
>|feared that Krsna might leave her and became so perturbed
>|that she dropped the fan with which she was fanning Him and
>|fainted, falling unconscious on the floor. As far as Yasoda,
>| Krsna's mother in Vrndavana, is concerned, it is stated in
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam (SB 10.8.45):
2097|trayya copanisadbhis ca
2098|sankhya-yogais ca satvataih
2099|upagiyamana-mahatmyam
2100|harim samanyatatmajam
2101|The Personality of Godhead, who is worshiped by all the
>|Vedas and Upanisads, as well as by the sankhya system of
>|philosophy and all authorized scriptures, was considered to
>|be born in her womb. It is also stated (SB 10.9.12) that
>|Mother Yasoda bound the child Krsna with a rope, as if He
>|were an ordinary son born of her body. Similarly, there are
>|other descriptions of Krsna's being treated as an ordinary
>|person (SB 10.18.24). Indeed, when He was defeated in games
>|with His friends, the cowherd boys, Krsna would carry them-
>|notably Sridama-on His shoulders.
2102|Regarding the dealings of the gopis with Sri Krsna in
>|Vrndavana, it is described (SB 10.30.36-40) that when Sri
>|Krsna took Srimati Radhika alone from the rasa dance, She
>|thought that Krsna had left all the other gopis. Although
>|they were all equally beautiful, He satisfied Her in this
>|way, and She began to think proudly, "My dear Lord Krsna
>|has left the beautiful gopis, and He is satisfied with Me
>|alone." In the forest, She told Krsna, "My dear Krsna, I am
>|unable to move anymore. Now if You like You can take Me
>|wherever You desire." Krsna replied, "Come lean against My
>|shoulder," and as soon as He said this, He disappeared,
>|whereupon Srimati Radhika repined greatly.
2103|When Krsna disappeared from the scene of the rasa dance,
>|all the gopis began to repent, saying, "Dear Krsna! We have
>|come here and have left aside our husbands, sons, relatives,
>| brothers and friends! Neglecting their advice, we have
>|come to You, and You best know the reason for our coming
>|here. You know that we have come because we are captivated
>|by the sweet sound of Your flute. But You are so cunning
>|that in the dead of night You have left girls and women
>|like us! This is not very good for You."
2104|The word sama means controlling the mind and keeping it
>|from being diverted in various ways by fixing it on the
>|Supreme Personality of Godhead. When one's mind is fixed on
>|the Supreme Lord, he is known to be situated on the sama
>|platform. On that platform the devotee understands that
>|Krsna is the basic principle behind everything that is
>|within one's experience. This is also explained in Bhagavad-
>|gita (Bg. 7.19). Such a person can understand that Krsna is
>|present in everything and is distributed all over the
>|cosmic manifestation. Although everything is under the
>|control of the Supreme Lord and is situated in His energy,
>|everything is nonetheless different from Krsna in His
>|personal form. It is also stated in Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu
>|that one who understands this, whose intelligence is fixed
>|on Krsna, has attained the platform of sama. Moreover, the
>|Supreme Personality of Godhead says: samo mannisthata
>|buddheh: Unless one is elevated to the platform of santa-
>|rati, he cannot be fixed in knowledge of the greatness of
>|Krsna or of the diffusion of His different energies, which
>|are the cause of all manifestations. This same point is
>|explained in Srimad-Bhagavatam (SB 11.19.36):
2105|samo mannisthata buddher
2106|dama indriya-samyamah
2107|titiksa duhkha-sammarso
2108|jihvopastha jayo dhrtih
2109|Stability of mind can be achieved by one who has concluded
>|that the Supreme Personality of Godhead is the original
>|source of everything. And when one can control his senses,
>|that is called sama. When one is ready to tolerate all
>|kinds of sufferings in order to control the senses and keep
>|the mind steady, that is called titiksa, or tolerance. And
>|when one can control the urges of the tongue and genitals,
>|that is called dhrtih. From dhrtih, one becomes dhira,
>|pacified. A pacified person is never disturbed by the urges
>|of the tongue and the genitals.
2110|If one can fix his mind on Krsna without deviation, he can
>|attain a steadfast position in Krsna consciousness, santa-
>|rasa. When one attains santa-rasa, unflinching faith in
>|Krsna is established, and all material desires cease. These
>|specific characteristics of santa-rasa-unflinching faith in
>|Krsna and cessation of all desires which are not connected
>|with Krsna-are common to all other rasas as well, just as
>|sound is generally present in all other elements (air, fire,
>| water and earth) because it is produced from the sky.
>|Similarly, these two characteristics of santa-rasa are
>|present in other transcendental relationships, such as
>|dasya (servitorship), sakhya (fraternity), vatsalya (
>|paternal affection), and the madhura-rasa (conjugal love).
2111|When we speak of non-Krsna, or desire which has no
>|connection with Krsna, this does not mean that anything
>|exists without Krsna. Actually there cannot be anything "
>|non-Krsna" because everything is a product of the energy of
>|Krsna. Since Krsna and His energies are identical,
>|everything is Krsna indirectly. For example, consciousness
>|is common to every living entity, but when consciousness is
>|purely centered on Krsna (Krsna consciousness), it is pure,
>|and when consciousness is centered on something other than
>|Krsna, or when it is directed to sense gratification, it
>|may be called non-Krsna consciousness. Thus it is in the
>|polluted state that the conception of non-Krsna comes. In
>|the pure state, however, there is nothing but Krsna
>|consciousness.
2112|Active interest in Krsna-the understanding that Krsna is
>|mine or that I am Krsna's, and that therefore my business
>|is to satisfy the senses of Krsna-is typical of a higher
>|stage than the neutrality of the santa-rasa. Simply by
>|understanding the greatness of Krsna, one can achieve the
>|status of santa-rasa, in which the worshipable object may
>|be the impersonal Brahman or Paramatma. Worship of the
>|impersonal Brahman and the Paramatma is conducted by those
>|engaged in empiric philosophical speculation and mystic
>|yoga. However, when one develops even further in Krsna
>|consciousness, or spiritual understanding, he can
>|appreciate that the Paramatma, the Supersoul, is the
>|eternal worshipable object, and he surrenders unto Him.
>|Bahunam janmanam ante jnanavan mam prapadyate (Bg. 7.19): "
>|After many, many births of worshiping Brahman and Paramatma,
>| when one surrenders unto Vasudeva as the supreme master
>|and accepts himself as the eternal servitor of Vasudeva, he
>|becomes a great transcendentally realized soul." At that
>|time, due to his thick and thin relationship with the
>|Supreme Absolute Truth, one begins to render some sort of
>|transcendental loving service to the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead. Thus the neutral relationship known as santa-rasa
>|is transformed into dasya-rasa, servitorship.
2113|On the platform of dasya-rasa, the greatest quantity of awe
>|and veneration of the Supreme Lord is exhibited. That is,
>|in the dasya-rasa, the greatness of the Supreme Lord is
>|appreciated. It should be noted here that on the platform
>|of santa-rasa there is no spiritual activity, but on the
>|platform of dasya-rasa, service begins. Thus in the dasya-
>|rasa the quality of the santa-rasa is exhibited, and, in
>|addition, there is consciousness of the transcendental
>|taste of service.
2114|Transcendental qualities are certainly present in the santa-
>|rasa and dasya-rasa, but beyond these there is another
>|quality, confidential attachment, which is pure
>|transcendental love. This loving confidence in the Supreme
>|Personality is technically known as visrambha. On the
>|platform of visrambha, fraternity, there is no sense of awe
>|or veneration towards the Supreme Personality of Godhead.
>|Thus in the transcendental fraternal relationship known as
>|sakhya-rasa, there are three transcendental characteristics:
>| the sense of greatness, the sense of service, and the
>|sense of intimacy without awe or veneration. Thus in the
>|sakhya-rasa, the relationship of fraternity, the
>|transcendental qualities are further increased.
2115|Similarly, on the platform of paternal affection (vatsalya-
>|rasa) there are four qualities. In addition to the three
>|qualities already mentioned, there is the sense that the
>|Supreme Lord is dependent on the mercy of the devotee. As a
>|parent of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, the devotee
>|sometimes chastises the Lord and considers himself to be
>|the Lord's maintainer. This transcendental sense of being
>|the maintainer of the supreme maintainer is very pleasing
>|both to the devotee and to the Supreme Lord.
2116|The Lord instructed Srila Rupa Gosvami to write the
>|transcendental literature named Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu, the
>|science of devotional service, and indicate therein the
>|substance of these five transcendental relationships. It is
>|explained in that great literature how the transcendental
>|relationship of santa-rasa, taking the shape of unflinching
>|faith in Krsna, is further developed into dasya-rasa with
>|the spirit of service, and then to sakhya-rasa or
>|undeterred fraternity, and further to the transcendental
>|platform of paternal love, wherein one feels himself to be
>|maintaining the Lord. All these relationships culminate on
>|the highest platform of conjugal love (madhura-rasa),
>|wherein all these transcendental relationships exist
>|simultaneously.
2117|TLC 2: Sanatana Gosvami
2118|Chapter Two:
2119|Sanatana Gosvami
2120|vande 'nantadbhutaisvaryam
2121|sri-caitanya-mahaprabhum
2122|nico 'pi yat-prasadat syad
2123|bhakti-sastra-pravartakah
2124|[Cc. Madhya 20.1]
2125|I offer my respectful obeisances unto Lord Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu, by whose mercy even a person in the lowest form
>|of life can find direction in transcendental devotional
>|service to the Lord.
2126|After Lord Caitanya accepted the renounced order of life (
>|sannyasa), He traveled all over India. During this period
>|He went to Maldah, a district in Bengal. In that area there
>|was a village named Ramakeli, where two government
>|ministers of the Nawab Hussain Shah's regime lived. These
>|two ministers were named Dabira Khasa and Sakara Mallika,
>|and they were later to be renamed Sanatana Gosvami and Rupa
>|Gosvami. Being inspired by Lord Caitanya, they decided to
>|retire from government service and join His sankirtana
>|movement.
2127|Upon making this decision, the two brothers at once took
>|steps to leave their material engagements, and they
>|appointed two learned brahmanas to perform certain Vedic
>|religious rituals that would enable them to achieve
>|complete freedom for the devotional service of Krsna. These
>|preliminary activities are known as purascarya. These
>|ritualistic functions demand that three times a day one
>|worships and offers respects to his forefathers, offers
>|oblations to a fire, and respectfully offers food to a
>|learned brahmana. Five items-time, worship, offering of
>|respect, offering of oblation into the fire and offering of
>|food to a brahmana-comprise purascarya. This and other
>|rituals are mentioned in the hari-bhakti-vilasa, the
>|authoritative book of directions.
2128|After performing these religious rituals, the younger
>|brother, Sakara Mallika (Rupa Gosvami), returned home with
>|an immense amount of money which he had acquired during his
>|government service. Indeed, the silver and gold coins he
>|brought back filled a large boat. After arriving home, he
>|divided the accumulated wealth first in twain and
>|distributed one part to the brahmanas and Vaisnavas. Thus
>|for the satisfaction of the Supreme Personality of Godhead,
>|he distributed fifty percent of his accumulated wealth to
>|persons engaged in the Supreme Lord's transcendental loving
>|service. Brahmanas are meant to understand the Absolute
>|Truth, and once they understand the truth and actually
>|engage in the loving service of the Lord, they can be
>|called Vaisnavas. Both brahmanas and Vaisnavas are supposed
>|to be fully engaged in transcendental service, and Rupa
>|Gosvami, considering their important transcendental
>|position, gave them fifty percent of his wealth. The
>|remaining fifty percent was again divided in twain-he
>|distributed one part to his relatives and dependent family
>|members, and the other he kept for personal emergencies.
2129|Such distribution of personal wealth is very instructive
>|for all who desire to be elevated in spiritual knowledge.
>|Generally a person bequeaths all his accumulated wealth to
>|his family members and then retires from family activities
>|in order to make progress in spiritual knowledge. Here,
>|however, we find the behavior of Rupa Gosvami to be
>|exemplary; he gave fifty percent of his wealth for
>|spiritual purposes. This should serve as an example for
>|everyone. The twenty-five percent of his accumulated wealth
>|which he kept for personal emergencies was deposited with a
>|good business firm, since in those days there were no banks.
>| Ten thousand coins were deposited for expenditures
>|incurred by his elder brother, Sanatana Gosvami.
2130|At this time Rupa Gosvami received information that Lord
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu was preparing to proceed to Vrndavana
>|from Jagannatha Puri. Rupa Gosvami sent two messengers to
>|get actual information of the Lord's itinerary, and he made
>|his own plans to go to Mathura to meet the Lord. It appears
>|that Rupa Gosvami got permission to join Lord Caitanya, but
>|Sanatana Gosvami did not. Therefore Sanatana Gosvami
>|entrusted the responsibilities of his government service to
>|his immediate assistants, and he remained home to study
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam. In fact, he even engaged some ten or
>|twenty learned brahmanas and began an intensive study of
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam in their company. While he was thus
>|engaged, he submitted sick-leave reports to his employer,
>|the Nawab. However, the ruler was so anxious for Sanatana
>|Gosvami's advice in government matters that he suddenly
>|appeared at his house. When the Nawab entered the house
>|where Sanatana Gosvami and the brahmanas were assembled,
>|they all stood up to receive him respectfully, and they
>|offered him a place to sit.
2131|"You have submitted sick reports," the Nawab told Sanatana
>|Gosvami: "But I sent my physician to see you, and he
>|reported that you have no illness at all. Since I did not
>|know why you were submitting sick reports and not attending
>|to your service, I have personally come to see you. Frankly,
>| I am much perturbed by your behavior. As you know, I
>|completely depend on you and your responsible work in
>|government. I was free to act in other matters because I
>|was depending on you, but if you do not join me, your past
>|devotion will be spoiled. Now, what is your intention?
>|Please tell me."
2132|On hearing this, Sanatana Gosvami replied that he was
>|unable to continue work and that it would be very kind of
>|the Nawab to appoint someone else to execute the work that
>|was entrusted to him. Upon hearing this, the Nawab became
>|very angry and said, "Your elder brother lives like a
>|hunter, and if you also retire from the administration,
>|everything will be finished." It was said that the Nawab
>|used to treat Sanatana Gosvami like a younger brother.
>|Since the Nawab was principally engaged in conquering
>|different parts of the country and also in hunting, he
>|depended largely on Sanatana Gosvami for government
>|administration. Thus he pleaded with him: "If you also
>|retire from government service, how will the administration
>|carry on?"
2133|"You are the governor of Gauda," Sanatana Gosvami replied
>|very gravely, "and you punish different kinds of criminals
>|in different ways. So you are at liberty to punish anyone
>|according to his activity." By this reply Sanatana Gosvami
>|was indicating that since the governor was engaged in
>|hunting animals and in killing men to expand his kingdom,
>|let both of them suffer according to the acts they were
>|performing.
2134|The Nawab was intelligent, and he understood Sanatana
>|Gosvami's purpose. He left the house in an angry mood, and
>|shortly afterward he went off to conquer Orissa. He ordered
>|the arrest of Sanatana Gosvami and commanded that he be
>|held until he returned. Upon learning that his elder
>|brother had been arrested by the Nawab, Rupa Gosvami sent
>|information that ten thousand coins were being held in the
>|custody of a grocer in Gauda (Bengal) and that this money
>|could be used as ransom for his brother. Sanatana also
>|offered five thousand coins to the keeper of the jail in
>|which he was being held in custody. He advised the
>|jailkeeper to gladly accept the five thousand coins from
>|him and let him go because by accepting the money he would
>|not only be materially benefited but would also be acting
>|very righteously by freeing Sanatana for spiritual purposes.
2135|"Of course I can let you go," the jailkeeper replied, "for
>|you have done many services for me, and you are in
>|government service. However, l'm afraid of the Nawab. What
>|will he do when he hears that you are free? l'll have to
>|explain everything to him. How can I accept such a proposal?
>|" Sanatana then invented a story which the jailkeeper might
>|submit to the Nawab-as to how he had escaped-and he raised
>|his offer to ten thousand coins. Greedy to get the money,
>|the jailkeeper agreed to the proposition and let him go. In
>|the meantime, Rupa Gosvami, with his younger brother Sri
>|Vallabha, had started for Vrndavana to meet Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu.
2136|Sanatana then proceeded to go to see the Lord. He did not
>|travel on the open road but went through the jungles until
>|he arrived at a place in Bihar called Patada. There he
>|rested in a hotel, but the hotelkeeper was informed by an
>|astrologer employed there that Sanatana Gosvami had some
>|gold coins with him. The hotelkeeper, desiring to get the
>|money, spoke to Sanatana with seeming respect.
2137|"Just take your rest tonight," he told him, "and in the
>|morning I shall arrange for you to get out of this jungle
>|trap." However, Sanatana was suspicious of his behavior,
>|and he inquired from his servant Isana whether he had money,
>| and Isana told him that he had seven gold coins. Sanatana
>|did not like the idea of the servant carrying such money.
>|He became angry with him and said, "Why do you carry this
>|death knell on the road?"
2138|Sanatana at once took the gold coins and offered them to
>|the hotelkeeper. He then requested that the hotelkeeper
>|help him through the jungle. He informed him that he was on
>|a special journey for the government and that since he
>|could not travel on the open road, it would be very kind if
>|the hotelkeeper would help him through the jungles and over
>|the mountains.
2139|"I understood that you had eight coins with you, and I was
>|thinking of killing you to take them," the hotelkeeper
>|confessed. "But I can understand that you are such a good
>|man that you don't have to offer me the money."
2140|"If you don't accept these coins, then someone else will
>|take them from me," Sanatana replied. "Someone will kill me
>|for them, so it is better that you take them. I offer them
>|to you." The hotelkeeper then gave him all assistance, and
>|that very night he helped him get past the hills.
2141|When Sanatana emerged from the hills, he requested that his
>|servant go home with the one coin that he still had with
>|him, for Sanatana decided that he would go on alone. After
>|the departure of his servant, Sanatana felt completely free.
>| With torn clothing and a waterpot in hand, he began to
>|proceed toward Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu. On the way, he met
>|his rich brother-in-law who was also in the government
>|service and who offered him an excellent blanket, which
>|Sanatana accepted at his special request. Then he parted
>|from him and went on alone to see Caitanya Mahaprabhu at
>|Benares.
2142|When he reached Benares, he understood that the Lord was
>|there, and he became overjoyed. He was informed by the
>|people that the Lord was staying at the house of
>|Candrasekhara Acarya, and Sanatana went there. Although
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu was inside the house, He could
>|understand that Sanatana had arrived at the door, and He
>|asked Candrasekhara to call the man who was sitting there. "
>|He is a Vaisnava, a great devotee of the Lord," Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu said. Candrasekhara came out to see the man, but
>|he saw no Vaisnava at the door. He saw only a man who
>|appeared to be a mendicant. The Lord then asked to see the
>|mendicant, and when Sanatana entered the courtyard, Lord
>|Caitanya hurriedly came to see and embrace him. When the
>|Lord embraced him, Sanatana became overwhelmed with
>|spiritual ecstasy, and he said, "My dear Lord, please do
>|not touch me." But both of them embraced each other and
>|began to cry. Seeing Sanatana and Lord Caitanya acting thus,
>| Candrasekhara was struck with wonder. At length, Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu asked Sanatana to sit down with Him on a bench.
>|He was touching the body of Sanatana with His hand, and
>|Sanatana asked Him again, "My dear Lord, please do not
>|touch me."
2143|"I am touching you just for My purification," the Lord
>|replied, "for you are a great devotee. By your devotional
>|service you can deliver the whole universe and enable
>|everyone to go back to Godhead."
2144|The Lord proceeded to quote a verse from Srimad-Bhagavatam
>|to the effect that a person who is a devotee of Lord Krsna
>|and is one hundred percent engaged in devotional service is
>|far better than a brahmana who is versed in all the Vedic
>|literatures but who does not engage in the devotional
>|service of the Lord. Because he is carrying the Supreme
>|Lord within his heart, the devotee can purify everyplace
>|and everything.
2145|In the Vedic literatures it is also stated that the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead does not recognize a person who is
>|very learned in all the divisions of the Vedas, but, rather,
>| He likes a person who is a devotee, even though he may be
>|born in a low family. If one offers charity to a brahmana
>|who is not a devotee, the Lord does not accept; but if
>|something is offered to a devotee, the Lord accepts. In
>|other words, whatever a person wishes to offer the Lord may
>|be given to His devotees. Caitanya Mahaprabhu also quoted
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam to the effect that if a brahmana is not a
>|devotee of the Supreme Lord, then he is lower than the
>|lowest of the low, even though he may be qualified with the
>|twelve brahminical qualities and born in a high family. A
>|devotee, although born in a candala (dog-eater) family, can
>|purify his whole family for one hundred generations, past
>|and future, by devotional service, whereas a proud brahmana
>|cannot even purify himself. It is said in the Hari-bhakti-
>|sudhodaya (13.2):
2146|aksnoh phalam tvadrsa-darsanam hi
2147|tanoh phalam tvadrsa-gatra-sangah
2148|jihva-phalam tvadrsa-kirtanam hi
2149|sudurlabha bhagavata hi loke
2150|"O devotee of the Lord, to see you is the perfection of the
>|eyes, to touch your body is the perfection of bodily
>|activities, and to glorify your qualities is the perfection
>|of the tongue, for it is very rare to find a pure devotee
>|like you."
2151|The Lord then told Sanatana that Krsna is very merciful and
>|is the deliverer of fallen souls. "He has saved you from
>|Maharaurava," the Lord said. This Maharaurava, or hell, is
>|described in Srimad-Bhagavatam as a place meant for persons
>|who are engaged in killing animals, for it is stated there
>|that butchers or animal eaters go to that hell.
2152|"I do not know the mercy of Krsna," Sanatana replied, "but
>|I can understand that Your mercy upon me is causeless. You
>|have delivered me from the entanglement of material life."
2153|Then the Lord inquired: "How did you get free from your
>|custody? I understand that you were arrested." Sanatana
>|then narrated the whole story of his release. "I have seen
>|your two brothers," the Lord then informed him, "and I have
>|advised them to proceed toward Vrndavana."
2154|Lord Caitanya then introduced Candrasekhara and Tapana
>|Misra to Sanatana, and Tapana Misra pleasantly invited
>|Sanatana to dine with him. The Lord requested Candrasekhara
>|to take Sanatana to a barber and make him "gentle," for
>|Sanatana had grown a long beard which Sri Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu did not like. He not only asked Candrasekhara to
>|provide Sanatana with a bath and clean shave but with a
>|change of clothes as well.
2155|After bathing, Candrasekhara gave him some good cloth. When
>|Lord Caitanya was informed that Sanatana did not accept new
>|garments but later accepted only some used garments from
>|Tapana Misra, He was very glad. The Lord went to Tapana
>|Misra's house for lunch and asked him to keep food for
>|Sanatana. Tapana Misra did not offer Sanatana food
>|immediately, however, but after the Lord finished His
>|eating there were some remnants of His foodstuff, and that
>|was offered to Sanatana while the Lord took His rest.
2156|After resting, Lord Caitanya introduced one Maharastriya
>|brahmana, a devotee of His, to Sanatana, and that
>|Maharastriya brahmana invited Sanatana to accept lunch
>|daily at his place as long as he remained in Benares.
2157|"As long as I remain in Benares, I will beg from door to
>|door," Sanatana said. "But the Lord will be so good as to
>|accept this invitation for daily lunch at your house."
2158|Lord Caitanya was very much pleased by this behavior of
>|Sanatana, but He noticed the valuable blanket that was
>|given to him by his brother-in-law while en route to
>|Benares. Although Lord Caitanya was overlooking the blanket,
>| Sanatana understood that He did not approve of such a
>|valuable garment on his body, and therefore Sanatana
>|decided to get rid of it. He immediately went to the bank
>|of the Ganges, and there he saw a mendicant washing an old
>|quilt. When Sanatana asked him to trade the old quilt for
>|the valuable blanket, the poor mendicant thought that
>|Sanatana was joking with him. "How is this?" the mendicant
>|upbraided him. "You appear to be a very nice gentleman, but
>|you are mocking me in this unmannerly way.
2159|"I am not joking with you," Sanatana informed him. "I am
>|very serious. Will you kindly exchange that torn quilt for
>|this blanket?" Finally the mendicant exchanged his torn
>|quilt for the blanket, and Sanatana returned to the Lord.
2160|"Where is your valuable blanket?" the Lord immediately
>|inquired. Sanatana informed Him about the exchange, and the
>|Lord loved him for this and thanked him. "You are
>|intelligent enough, and you have now exhausted all your
>|attraction for material wealth." In other words, the Lord
>|accepts a person for devotional service only when he is
>|completely free from all materialistic possessions. The
>|Lord then told Sanatana: "It would not look good for you to
>|be a mendicant and beg from door to door with such a
>|valuable blanket on your body. It is contradictory and
>|people would look on it with abhorrence."
2161|"Whatever I am doing to become free from material
>|attachment is all Your mercy," Sanatana replied. The Lord
>|was very much pleased with him, and both of them discussed
>|spiritual advancement.
2162|Previous to this meeting between Lord Caitanya and Sanatana
>|Gosvami, the Lord met a householder devotee named Ramananda
>|Raya. At that meeting, which is discussed in a later
>|chapter, Lord Caitanya asked Ramananda Raya questions, and
>|Ramananda replied as if he were the teacher of the Lord.
>|However, in this case Sanatana put questions to the Lord,
>|and the Lord answered them Himself.
2163|The instructions and teachings of Lord Caitanya are very
>|important for people in general. He teaches the process of
>|devotional service, which is the constitutional occupation
>|of every living entity, for it is every man's duty to
>|advance in spiritual science. Many subjects were thoroughly
>|discussed in the talks between Lord Caitanya and Sanatana
>|Gosvami. Due to the mercy of Lord Caitanya, Sanatana was
>|able to put important questions before Him, and these
>|questions were replied to properly.
2164|By the meeting of Sanatana and Lord Caitanya, we learn that
>|in order to understand spiritual subject matters, one must
>|approach a spiritual master like Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu
>|and make submissive inquiries. It is also confirmed in
>|Bhagavad-gita (Bg. 4.34) that one should approach a man of
>|authority and learn the science of spiritual life from him.
2165|TLC 3: Teachings to Sanatana Gosvami
2166|Chapter Three:
2167|Teachings to Sanatana Gosvami
2168|From the instructions of Lord Caitanya to Sanatana Gosvami
>|we can understand the science of God as it relates to God's
>|transcendental form, His opulences, and His devotional
>|service. Indeed, everything is being explained to Sanatana
>|Gosvami by the Lord Himself. At that time, Sanatana fell at
>|the feet of the Lord and with great humility asked about
>|his own real identity. "I am born of a lower family,"
>|Sanatana said. "My associations are all abominable, and I
>|am fallen, the most wretched of mankind. I was suffering in
>|the dark well of material enjoyment, and I never knew the
>|actual goal of my life. Indeed, I do not even know what is
>|beneficial for me. Although I am what is known in the world
>|as a great learned man, I am in fact so much of a fool that
>|I myself even think that I am learned. You have accepted me
>|as Your servant, and You have delivered me from the
>|entanglement of material life. Now please tell me what my
>|duty is in this liberated state."
2169|By this plea, we can understand that liberation is not the
>|final word in perfection. There must be activities in
>|liberation. Sanatana clearly says, "You have saved me from
>|the material existence. Now, after liberation, what is my
>|duty?" Sanatana further inquired, "Who am I? Why are the
>|threefold miseries always giving me trouble? And finally,
>|tell me how I can be relieved from this material
>|entanglement? I do not know how to question You about the
>|advancement of spiritual life, but I beg that You kindly,
>|mercifully, let me know everything that I need know."
2170|This is the process of accepting a spiritual master. One
>|should approach a spiritual master, humbly submit to him
>|and then inquire from him about one's spiritual progress.
2171|The Lord was pleased by Sanatana's submissive behavior, and
>|He replied, "You have already received benediction from
>|Lord Krsna, and therefore you know everything and are free
>|from all the miseries of material existence." The Lord
>|further pointed out that because Sanatana was in Krsna
>|consciousness, he was naturally, by the grace of Krsna,
>|already conversant with everything. "Because you are a
>|humble devotee," the Lord continued, "you are asking Me to
>|confirm what you already know. This is very nice." These
>|are the characteristics of a true devotee. In the Narada-
>|bhakti-sutra it is said that one who is very serious about
>|developing Krsna consciousness has his desire to understand
>|Krsna fulfilled very soon by the grace of the Lord.
2172|"You are a suitable person to protect the devotional
>|service of the Lord," Caitanya Mahaprabhu continued. "
>|Therefore it is My duty to instruct you in the science of
>|God, and I will explain everything to you step by step."
2173|It is the duty of a disciple approaching a spiritual master
>|to inquire about his constitutional position. In conformity
>|to that spiritual process, Sanatana has already asked, "
>|What am I, and why am I suffering from the threefold
>|miseries?" The threefold miseries are called adhyatmika,
>|adhibhautika, and adhidaivika. The word adhyatmika refers
>|to those miseries caused by the mind and body. Sometimes
>|the living entity suffers bodily, and sometimes he is
>|distressed mentally. Both are adhyatmika miseries. We
>|experience these miseries even in the womb of our mother.
>|As we well know, there are many types of miseries that take
>|advantage of the delicate human body and give us pain.
>|Miseries inflicted by other living entities are called
>|adhibhautika. These living entities need not even be large,
>|for there are many-such as bugs-that can make us miserable
>|even while we are sleeping in bed. There are many
>|insignificant living entities, like cockroaches, that
>|sometimes give us pain, and there are also other living
>|entities who are born on different kinds of planets and who
>|give us miseries. As far as the adhidaivika miseries are
>|concerned, these are natural disasters that originate with
>|the demigods of the higher planets. For instance, we
>|sometimes suffer from severe cold or hot weather, from a
>|thunderbolt, or from earthquakes, tornadoes, droughts and
>|many natural disasters. In any case, we are always
>|suffering from either one or a combination of these three
>|kinds of miseries.
2174|Sanatana's inquiry was therefore an intelligent one. "What
>|is the position of the living entities?" he asked. "Why are
>|they always undergoing these three kinds of miseries?"
>|Sanatana had admitted his weakness. Although he was known
>|by the masses of people as a greatly learned man (and
>|actually he was a highly learned Sanskrit scholar), and
>|although he accepted this designation, he did not actually
>|know what his constitutional position really was and just
>|why he was subjected to the threefold miseries.
2175|Approaching a spiritual master is not just a fashion but is
>|a necessity for one who is seriously conscious of the
>|material miseries and who wants to be free of them. It is
>|the duty of such a person to approach a spiritual master.
>|In this regard, we should note similar circumstances in
>|Bhagavad-gita. When Arjuna was perplexed by so many
>|problems involving whether to fight or not, he accepted
>|Lord Krsna as his spiritual master. It was also a case of
>|the supreme spiritual master instructing Arjuna about the
>|constitutional position of the living entity.
2176|In Bhagavad-gita we are informed that the constitutional
>|nature of the individual entity is spirit soul. He is not
>|matter. As spirit soul, he is part and parcel of the
>|supreme soul, the Absolute Truth, the Personality of
>|Godhead. We also learn that it is the duty of the spirit
>|soul to surrender, for only then can he be happy. The last
>|instruction of Bhagavad-gita is that the spirit soul
>|surrender completely unto the supreme soul, Krsna, and in
>|that way realize happiness.
2177|Here also, Lord Caitanya, answering the questions of
>|Sanatana, repeats the same truth. There is a difference,
>|however. Here Lord Caitanya does not give the information
>|about the spirit soul that is already described in Bhagavad-
>|gita. Rather, He begins from the point where Krsna ended
>|His instruction. It is accepted by great devotees that Lord
>|Caitanya is Krsna Himself, and from this point of view He
>|begins His instruction to Sanatana from the point where He
>|ended His instructions to Arjuna in Bhagavad-gita.
2178|"Your constitutional position is that you are pure living
>|soul," the Lord told Sanatana. "This material body cannot
>|be identified with your real self; nor is your mind your
>|real identity, nor your intelligence, nor false ego. Your
>|identity is that of eternal servitor of the Supreme Lord
>|Krsna. Your position is that you're transcendental. The
>|superior energy of Krsna is spiritual in constitution, and
>|the inferior external energy is material. Since you are
>|between the material energy and the spiritual energy, your
>|position is marginal. Belonging to the marginal potency of
>|Krsna, you are simultaneously one with and different from
>|Krsna. Because you are spirit, you are not different from
>|Krsna, and because you are only a minute particle of Krsna,
>|you are different from Him."
2179|This simultaneous oneness and difference always exists in
>|the relationship between the living entities and the
>|Supreme Lord. From the marginal position of the living
>|entities, this conception of "simultaneously one and
>|different" can be understood. The living entity is just
>|like a molecular particle of sunshine, whereas Krsna may be
>|compared to the blazing, shining sun itself. Lord Caitanya
>|compared the living entities to blazing sparks from a fire
>|and the Supreme Lord to the blazing fire of the sun. In
>|this connection, the Lord cites a verse from Visnu Purana (
>|1.22.52):
2180|eka-desa-sthitasyagner
2181|jyotsna vistarini yatha
2182|parasya brahmanah saktis
2183|tathedam akhilam jagat
2184|"Everything that is manifested within this cosmic world is
>|but the energy of the Supreme Lord. As fire emanating from
>|one place diffuses its illumination and heat all around, so
>|the Lord, although situated in one place in the spiritual
>|world, manifests His different energies everywhere. Indeed,
>|the whole cosmic creation is composed of different
>|manifestations of His energy."
2185|The energy of the Supreme Lord is transcendental and
>|spiritual, and the living entities are part and parcel of
>|that energy. There is another energy, however, called
>|material energy, which is covered by the cloud of ignorance.
>| This energy, which is material nature, is divided into
>|three modes, or gunas (goodness, passion and ignorance).
>|Lord Caitanya quoted from Visnu Purana (1.3.2) to the
>|effect that all inconceivable energies reside in the
>|Supreme Personality of the Lord and that the whole cosmic
>|manifestation acts due to the Lord's inconceivable energy.
2186|The Lord also said that the living entities are known as
>|ksetrajna, or "knowers of the field of activities." In the
>|Thirteenth Chapter of Bhagavad-gita, the body is described
>|as the field of activities, and the living entity as
>|ksetrajna, the knower of that field. Although the living
>|entity is constitutionally conversant with spiritual energy,
>| or has the potency to understand spiritual energy, he is
>|covered by the material energy and consequently identifies
>|the body with the self. This false identification is called
>|"false ego." Deluded by this false ego, the bewildered
>|living entity in material existence changes his different
>|bodies and suffers various kinds of miseries. Knowledge of
>|the living entity's true position is possessed to different
>|extents by different types of living entities.
2187|In other words, it is to be understood that the living
>|entity is part and parcel of the spiritual energy of the
>|Supreme Lord. Because the material energy is inferior, man
>|has the ability to get uncovered from this material energy
>|and utilize the spiritual energy. It is stated in Bhagavad-
>|gita that the superior energy is covered by the inferior
>|energy. Due to this covering, the living entity is
>|subjected to the miseries of the material world, and, in
>|proportion to the different degrees of passion and
>|ignorance, he suffers material miseries. Those who are a
>|little enlightened suffer less, but on the whole everyone
>|is subjected to material miseries due to being covered by
>|the material energy.
2188|Caitanya Mahaprabhu also quoted from the Seventh Chapter of
>|Bhagavad-gita in which it is stated that earth, water, fire,
>| air, ether, mind, intelligence and ego all combine
>|together to form the inferior energy of the Supreme Lord.
>|The superior energy, however, is the real identity of the
>|living being, and it is because of that energy that the
>|whole material world functions. The cosmic manifestation,
>|which is made of material elements, has no power to act
>|unless it is moved by the superior energy, the living
>|entity. It can actually be said that the conditioned life
>|of the living entity is due to forgetfulness of his
>|relationship with the Supreme Lord in the superior energy.
>|When that relationship is forgotten, conditional life is
>|the result. Only when man revives his real identity, that
>|of eternal servitor to the Lord, does he become liberated.
2189|TLC 4: The Wise Man
2190|Chapter Four:
2191|The Wise Man
2192|Since no one can trace the history of the living entity's
>|entanglement in material energy, the Lord says that it is
>|beginningless. By beginningless it is meant that
>|conditional life exists prior to the creation; it is simply
>|manifested during and after the creation. Due to
>|forgetfulness of his nature, the living entity, although
>|spirit, suffers all kinds of miseries in material existence.
>| It should be understood that there are also living
>|entities who are not entangled in this material energy but
>|are situated in the spiritual world. They are called
>|liberated souls and are always engaged in Krsna
>|consciousness, devotional service.
2193|The activities of those who are conditioned by material
>|nature are taken into account, and in their next life,
>|according to these activities, they are offered different
>|types of material bodies. In the material world the
>|conditioned spirit soul is subjected to various rewards and
>|punishments. When he is rewarded for his righteous
>|activities, he is elevated to the higher planets where he
>|becomes one of the many demigods, and when he is punished
>|for his abominable activities, he is thrown into hellish
>|planets where he suffers the miseries of material existence
>|more acutely. Caitanya Mahaprabhu gives a very nice example
>|of this punishment. Formerly a king used to punish a
>|criminal by dunking him in the river, raising him up again
>|for breath and then again dunking him in the water.
>|Material nature punishes and rewards the individual entity
>|in just the same way. When he is punished, he is dunked in
>|the water of material miseries, and when he is rewarded, he
>|is taken out of it for some time. Elevation to the higher
>|planets or to a higher life status is never permanent. One
>|must again come down to be submerged in the water. All this
>|is constantly going on in this material existence;
>|sometimes one is elevated to higher planetary systems, and
>|sometimes one is thrown into the hellish condition of
>|material life.
2194|In this regard Caitanya Mahaprabhu recites a verse from
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam taken from the instructions of Narada
>|Muni to Vasudeva, the father of Krsna (SB 11.2.37):
2195|bhayam dvitiyabhinivesatah syad
2196|isad apetasya viparyayo 'smrtih
2197|tan-mayayato budha abhajet tam
2198|bhaktyaikayesam guru-devatatma
2199|In this quotation from the nine sages who were instructing
>|Maharaja Nimi, maya is defined as "forgetfulness of one's
>|relationship with Krsna." Actually, maya means "that which
>|is not." It has no existence. Thus it is false to think
>|that the living entity has no connection with the Supreme
>|Lord. He may not believe in the existence of God, or he may
>|think that he has no relationship with God, but these are
>|all "illusions," or maya. Due to absorption in this false
>|conception of life, man is always fearful and full of
>|anxieties. In other words, a godless concept of life is
>|maya. One who is actually learned in the Vedic literatures
>|surrenders unto the Supreme Lord with great devotion and
>|accepts Him as the supreme goal. When a living entity
>|forgets the constitutional nature of his relationship with
>|God, he is at once overwhelmed by the external energy. This
>|is the cause of his false ego, his false identification of
>|the body with the self. Indeed, his whole conception of the
>|material universe arises from this false identification
>|with the body, for he becomes attached to the body and its
>|by-products. To escape this entanglement, he has only to
>|perform his duty and to surrender unto the Supreme Lord
>|with intelligence and devotion and with sincere Krsna
>|consciousness.
2200|A conditioned soul falsely thinks himself happy in the
>|material world, but if he is favored by the instructions of
>|an unalloyed devotee, he gives up his desire for material
>|enjoyment and becomes enlightened in Krsna consciousness.
>|As soon as one enters into Krsna consciousness, his desire
>|for material enjoyment is at once vanquished, and he
>|gradually becomes free from material entanglement. There is
>|no question of darkness where there is light, and Krsna
>|consciousness is the light that dispels the darkness of
>|material sense enjoyment.
2201|A Krsna conscious person is never under the false
>|conception that he is one with God. Knowing that he would
>|not be happy by working for himself, he engages all his
>|energies in the service of the Supreme Lord and thereby
>|gains release from the clutches of illusory material energy.
>| In this connection, Caitanya Mahaprabhu quotes the
>|following verse from Bhagavad-gita:
2202|daivi hy esa guna-mayi
2203|mama maya duratyaya
2204|mam eva ye prapadyante
2205|mayam etam taranti te
2206|"The divine energy of Mine, consisting of the three modes
>|of material nature, is difficult to overcome. But those who
>|have surrendered unto Me can easily cross beyond it." (Bg.
>|7.14)
2207|Caitanya Mahaprabhu went on to teach that for each and
>|every moment he is engaged in some fruitive activity, the
>|conditioned soul forgets his real identity. Sometimes when
>|he is fatigued, when he is tired of material activities, he
>|wants liberation and hankers to become one with the Supreme
>|Lord, but at other times he thinks that by working hard to
>|gratify his senses he will be happy. In either case, he is
>|covered by material energy. For the enlightenment of such
>|bewildered conditioned souls, the Supreme Lord has
>|presented voluminous Vedic literatures such as the Vedas,
>|the puranas and the Vedanta-sutra. These are all intended
>|to guide the human being back to Godhead. Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu has given further instructions by explaining
>|that when a conditioned soul is accepted by the mercy of
>|the spiritual master and is guided by the Supersoul and the
>|various Vedic scriptures, he becomes enlightened and makes
>|progress in spiritual realization. It is because Lord Krsna
>|is always merciful upon His devotees that He has presented
>|all these Vedic literatures by which one can understand his
>|relationship with Him and can act on the basis of that
>|relationship. In this way one is gifted with the ultimate
>|goal of life.
2208|Actually every living entity is destined to reach the
>|Supreme Lord. Indeed, it is possible for everyone to
>|understand his relationship with the Supreme. The execution
>|of duties to attain perfection is known as devotional
>|service, and in maturity such devotional service becomes
>|love of God, the factual goal of life for every living
>|being. Actually the living entity is not intended to
>|achieve success in religious rituals, economic development
>|or sense enjoyment. The living entity should not even
>|desire success in liberation, what to speak of success in
>|religion, economics and sense enjoyment. One's real desire
>|should only be to achieve the stage of loving
>|transcendental service to the Lord. The all-attractive
>|features of Lord Krsna help one in attaining this
>|transcendental service, and it is by such service in Krsna
>|consciousness that one can realize the relationship between
>|Krsna and himself.
2209|Concerning man's search for the ultimate goal of life,
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu relates a story from the commentary of
>|Madhva which occurs in the Fifth Canto of Srimad-Bhagavatam
>|(Madhva-bhasya) Sarvajna to a poor man who came to him to
>|have his future told. When Sarvajna saw the horoscope of
>|the man, he was at once astonished that the man was so poor,
>| and he said to him, "Why are you so unhappy? From your
>|horoscope I can see that you have a hidden treasure left to
>|you by your father. However, the horoscope indicates that
>|your father could not disclose this to you because he died
>|in a foreign place, but now you can search out this
>|treasure and be happy." This story is cited because the
>|living entity is suffering due to his ignorance of the
>|hidden treasure of his Supreme Father, Krsna. That treasure
>|is love of Godhead, and in every Vedic scripture the
>|conditioned soul is advised to find it. As stated in
>|Bhagavad-gita, although the conditioned soul is the son of
>|the wealthiest personality-the Personality of Godhead-he
>|does not realize it. Therefore Vedic literatures are given
>|to him to help him search out his father and his paternal
>|property.
2210|The astrologer Sarvajna further advised the poor man: "Don'
>|t dig on the southern side of your house to find the
>|treasure, for if you do so you will be attacked by a
>|poisonous wasp and will be baffled. The search should be
>|conducted on the eastern side where there is actual light,
>|which is called devotional service or Krsna consciousness.
>|On the southern side there are Vedic rituals, and on the
>|western side there is mental speculation, and on the
>|northern side there is meditational yoga."
2211|Sarvajna's advice should be carefully noted by everyone. If
>|one searches for the ultimate goal by the ritualistic
>|process, he will surely be baffled. Such a process involves
>|the performance of rituals under the guidance of a priest
>|who takes money in exchange for service. A man may think he
>|will be happy by performing such rituals, but actually if
>|he does gain some result from them, it is only temporary.
>|His material distresses will continue. Thus he will never
>|become truly happy by following the ritualistic process.
>|Instead, he will simply increase his material pangs more
>|and more. The same may be said for digging on the northern
>|side, or searching for the treasure by means of the
>|meditational yoga process. By this process a person thinks
>|of becoming one with the Supreme Lord, but this merging
>|into the Supreme is like being swallowed by a large serpent.
>| Sometimes a large serpent swallows a smaller one, and
>|merging into the spiritual existence of the Supreme is
>|analogous. While the small serpent is searching after
>|perfection, he is swallowed. Obviously there is no solution
>|here. On the western side there is also an impediment in
>|the form of a yaksa, an evil spirit who protects the
>|treasure. The idea is that a hidden treasure can never be
>|found by one who asks the favor of a yaksa in order to
>|attain it. The result is that one will simply be killed.
>|This yaksa is the speculative mind, and in this case the
>|speculative process of self-realization, or the jnana
>|process, is also suicidal.
2212|The only possibility then is to search for the hidden
>|treasure on the eastern side by the process of devotional
>|service in full Krsna consciousness. Indeed, that process
>|of devotional service is the perpetual hidden treasure, and
>|when one attains to it, he becomes perpetually rich. One
>|who is poor in devotional service to Krsna is always in
>|need of material gain. Sometimes he suffers the bites of
>|poisonous creatures, and sometimes he is baffled; sometimes
>|he follows the philosophy of monism and thereby loses his
>|identity, and sometimes he is swallowed by a large serpent.
>|It is only by abandoning all this and becoming fixed in
>|Krsna consciousness, devotional service to the Lord, that
>|one can actually achieve the perfection of life.
2213|TLC 5: How to Approach God
2214|Chapter Five:
2215|How to Approach God
2216|Actually all Vedic literature directs the human being
>|toward the perfect stage of devotion. The paths of fruitive
>|activities, speculative knowledge and meditation do not
>|lead one to the perfectional stage, but by the process of
>|devotional service the Lord actually becomes approachable.
>|Therefore all Vedic literature recommends that one accept
>|this process. In this regard, Caitanya Mahaprabhu quoted
>|from the Lord's instructions to Uddhava in Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam:
2217|na sadhayati mam yogo
2218|na sankhyam dharma uddhava
2219|na svadhyayas tapas tyago
2220|yatha bhaktir mamorjita
2221|"My dear Uddhava, neither philosophical speculation, nor
>|meditational yoga, nor penances can give Me such pleasure
>|as devotional service practiced by the living entities." (
>|SB 11.14.20) Krsna is dear only to the devotees, and He can
>|only be achieved by devotional service. If a lowly born
>|person is a devotee, he automatically becomes free from all
>|contamination. Devotional service is the only path by which
>|one can achieve the Supreme Person. This is the only
>|perfection accepted by all Vedic literature. Just as a poor
>|man becomes happy upon receiving some treasure, when one
>|attains to devotional service, his material pains are
>|automatically vanquished. As one advances in devotional
>|service, he attains love of Godhead, and as he advances in
>|this love, he becomes free from all material bondage. One
>|should not think, however, that the disappearance of
>|poverty and liberation from bondage are the end results of
>|love of Krsna. It is in relishing the reciprocation of
>|loving service that love of Krsna exists. In all Vedic
>|literatures we find that the attainment of this loving
>|relationship between the Supreme Lord and the living
>|entities is the function of devotional service. Our actual
>|function is devotional service, and our ultimate goal is
>|love of Godhead. In all Vedic literatures it can be found
>|that Krsna is the ultimate center, for through knowledge of
>|Krsna all problems of life are solved.
2222|Caitanya Mahaprabhu pointed out that although (according to
>|Padma Purana) there are different scriptures for worshiping
>|different types of demigods, such instructions only
>|bewilder people into thinking that the demigods are supreme.
>| Yet if one carefully scrutinizes and studies the Puranas,
>|he will find that Krsna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead,
>| is the only object of worship. For instance, in the
>|Markandeya Purana there is mention of Devi worship, or
>|worship of the goddess Durga or Kali, but in this same
>|candika it is also stated that all the demigods-even in the
>|shape of Durga or Kali-are but different energies of the
>|Supreme Visnu. Thus study of the Puranas reveals Visnu, the
>|Supreme Personality of Godhead, to be the only object of
>|worship. The conclusion is that directly or indirectly, all
>|types of worship are more or less directed to the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead, Krsna. In Bhagavad-gita it is
>|confirmed that one who worships the demigods is in fact
>|only worshiping Krsna because the demigods are but
>|different parts of the body of Visnu, or Krsna. That such
>|worship of demigods is irregular is also stated in Bhagavad-
>|gita (Bg. 7.20-23 9.23) Srimad-Bhagavatam confirms this
>|irregularity by asking the question: "What is the object of
>|worshiping the different types of demigods?" In Vedic
>|literature there are various divisions of ritualistic
>|activities; one is karma-kanda, or purely ritualistic
>|activities, and another is jnana-kanda, or speculation on
>|the Supreme Absolute Truth. What then is the purpose of the
>|ritualistic sections of Vedic literatures, and what is the
>|purpose of different mantras or hymns that indicate worship
>|of various demigods? And what is the purpose of
>|philosophical speculation on the subject of the Absolute
>|Truth? Srimad-Bhagavatam replies that in actuality all of
>|these methods defined in the Vedas indicate the worship of
>|the Supreme Lord Visnu. In other words, they are all
>|indirect ways of worshiping the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead. Sacrifices contained in the ritualistic portions
>|of these literatures are meant for the satisfaction of the
>|Supreme Lord Visnu. Indeed, because yajna, sacrifice, is
>|specifically meant to satisfy Visnu, another name for Visnu
>|is Yajnesvara, or Lord of sacrifices.
2223|Since neophytes are not all on the same transcendental
>|level, they are advised to worship different types of
>|demigods according to their situation in the different
>|modes of material nature. The idea is that gradually such
>|neophytes may rise to the transcendental plane and engage
>|in the service of Visnu, the Supreme Personality of Godhead.
>| For instance, some neophytes who are attached to flesh
>|eating are advised by the puranas to eat flesh after
>|offering it to the deity Kali.
2224|The philosophical sections of the Vedic hymns are intended
>|to enable one to distinguish the Supreme Lord from maya.
>|After one understands the position of maya, he can approach
>|the Supreme Lord in pure devotional service. That is the
>|actual purpose of philosophical speculation, and this is
>|confirmed in Bhagavad-gita:
2225|bahunam janmanam ante
2226|jnanavan mam prapadyate
2227|vasudevah sarvam iti
2228|sa mahatma sudurlabhah
2229|"After many births and deaths, he who is actually in
>|knowledge surrenders unto Me, knowing Me to be the cause of
>|all causes and all that is. Such a great soul is very rare."
>| (Bg. 7.19)
2230|It can thus be seen that all Vedic rituals and different
>|types of worship and philosophical speculation ultimately
>|aim at Krsna.
2231|Caitanya Mahaprabhu then told Sanatana Gosvami about Krsna'
>|s multiforms and His unlimited opulence. He also described
>|the nature of the spiritual manifestation, the material
>|manifestation, and the manifestation of the living entity.
>|He also informed Sanatana Gosvami that the planets in the
>|spiritual sky, known as Vaikunthas, and the universes of
>|the material manifestation are actually different types of
>|manifestations, for they are the created manifestations of
>|two different types of energy-the material and the
>|spiritual energy. As far as Krsna Himself is concerned, He
>|is directly situated in His spiritual energy, or
>|specifically in His internal potency. To help us understand
>|the difference between the spiritual and material energies,
>|there is a clear analysis of the two in the Second Canto of
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam. Sridhara Svami also gives a clear
>|analytical study in his commentary on the first verse of
>|the Tenth Canto of Srimad-Bhagavatam. Sridhara Svami was
>|accepted by Lord Caitanya as an authorized commentator on
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam, and Caitanya Mahaprabhu quoted his
>|writings and explained that in the Tenth Canto of
>|Bhagavatam the life and activities of Krsna are described
>|because Krsna is the shelter of all manifestations. Knowing
>|this, Sridhara Svami worshiped and offered his obeisances
>|unto Krsna as the shelter of everything.
2232|In this world there are two principles operating: One
>|principle is the origin or shelter of everything, and the
>|other principle is deduced from this original principle.
>|The Supreme Truth is the shelter of all manifestations and
>|is called asraya. All other principles, which remain under
>|the control of the asraya-tattva, or the Absolute Truth,
>|are called asrita, or subordinate corollaries and reactions.
>| The purpose of the material manifestation is to give the
>|conditioned soul a chance to attain liberation and return
>|to the asraya-tattva, or the Absolute Truth. Since
>|everything in the cosmic creation is dependent on the
>|asraya-tattva-the creative manifestation or Visnu
>|manifestation-the various demigods an? manifestations of
>|energy, the living entities and all material elements are
>|dependent on Krsna, for Krsna is the Supreme Truth. Thus
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam indicates that everything is sheltered by
>|Krsna directly and indirectly. Consequently perfect
>|knowledge can be had only by an analytical study of Krsna,
>|as confirmed by Bhagavad-gita.
2233|Lord Caitanya then described the different features of
>|Krsna and requested that Sanatana Gosvami listen
>|attentively. He then informed him that Krsna, the son of
>|Nanda Maharaja, is the Absolute Supreme Truth, the cause of
>|all causes and the origin of all emanations and
>|incarnations. Yet in Vraja, or Goloka Vrndavana, He is just
>|like a young boy and is the son of Nanda Maharaja. His form,
>| however, is eternal, full of bliss, and full of knowledge
>|absolute. He is both the shelter of everything and the
>|proprietor as well.
2234|Caitanya Mahaprabhu also gives evidence from Brahma-samhita
>|of the transcendental properties of Lord Krsna's body:
2235|isvarah paramah krsnah
2236|sac-cid-ananda-vigrahah
2237|anadir adir govindah
2238|sarva-karana-karanam
2239|"Krsna, who is known as Govinda, is the Supreme Godhead. He
>|has an eternal, blissful spiritual body. He is the origin
>|of all. He has no other origin, and He is the prime cause
>|of all causes." (Bs. 5.1). In this way, Caitanya Mahaprabhu
>|gives evidence that Krsna is the original Personality of
>|Godhead, full in all six opulences. It is Sri Krsna whose
>|abode, known as Goloka Vrndavana, is the highest planetary
>|system in the spiritual sky.
2240|In addition, Lord Caitanya also quotes a verse from Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam (SB 1.3.28):
2241|ete camsa-kalah pumsah
2242|krsnas tu bhagavan svayam
2243|indrari-vyakulam lokam
2244|mrdayanti yuge yuge
2245|All incarnations are either direct expansions of Krsna or,
>|indirectly, expansions of the expansions of Krsna. However,
>|the name of Krsna indicates the original Personality of
>|Godhead. It is He who appears on this earth, in this
>|universe or in any other universe, when there is a
>|disturbance created by the demons, who are always trying to
>|disrupt the administration of the demigods.
2246|There are three different processes by which Krsna can be
>|understood: the empiric process of philosophical
>|speculation, the process of meditation according to the
>|mystic yoga system, and the process of Krsna consciousness,
>|or devotional service. By the method of philosophical
>|speculation, the impersonal Brahman feature of Krsna is
>|understood. By the process of meditation or mystic yoga,
>|the feature of the Supersoul, the all-pervading expansion
>|of Krsna, is understood. And by devotional service in full
>|Krsna consciousness, the original Personality of Godhead is
>|realized. Lord Caitanya also quotes this verse from Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam (SB 1.2.11):
2247|vadanti tat tattva-vidas
2248|tattvam yaj jnanam advayam
2249|brahmeti paramatmeti
2250|bhaga van iti sabdyate
2251|"Those who are knowers of the Absolute Truth describe the
>|Absolute Truth in three features as impersonal Brahman,
>|localized all-pervading Supersoul, and the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead, Krsna." In other words, Brahman,
>|the impersonal manifestation, Paramatma, the localized
>|manifestation, and Bhagavan, the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead, are one and the same. However, according to the
>|process adopted, He is realized as Brahman, Paramatma and
>|Bhagavan.
2252|By realizing the impersonal Brahman, one simply realizes
>|the effulgence emanating from the transcendental body of
>|Krsna. This effulgence is compared to the sunshine. There
>|is the sun-god, the sun itself and the sunshine which is
>|the shining effulgence of that original sun-god. Similarly,
>|the spiritual effulgence (brahmajyoti), impersonal Brahman,
>|is nothing but the personal effulgence of Krsna. To support
>|this analysis, Lord Caitanya quotes one important verse
>|from Brahma-samhita in which Lord Brahma says:
2253|yasya prabha prabhavato jagadanda-koti-
2254|kotisv asesa-vasudhadi-vibhuti-bhinnam
2255|tad-brahma niskalam anantam asesa-bhutam
2256|govindam adi-purusam tam aham bhajami
2257|"I worship the Supreme Personality of Godhead, by whose
>|personal effulgence the unlimited brahmajyoti is manifested.
>| In that brahmajyoti there are innumerable universes, and
>|each is filled with innumerable planets." (Bs. 5.40)
2258|Lord Caitanya further points out that the Paramatma, the
>|all-pervading feature situated in everyone's body, is but a
>|partial manifestation or expansion of Krsna, but because
>|Krsna is the soul of all souls, He is called Paramatma, the
>|Supreme Self. In this regard, Caitanya quoted another verse
>|from Srimad-Bhagavatam concerning the talks between
>|Maharaja Pariksit and Sukadeva Gosvami. While hearing of
>|the transcendental pastimes of Krsna in Vrndavana, Maharaja
>|Pariksit inquired from his spiritual master, Sukadeva
>|Gosvami, as to why the inhabitants of Vrndavana were so
>|much attached to Krsna. To this question Sukadeva Gosvami
>|answered:
2259|krsnam enam avehi tvam
2260|atmanam akhilatmanam
2261|jagaddhitaya so 'py atra
2262|dehivabhati mayaya
2263|"Krsna should be known as the soul of all souls, for He is
>|the soul of all individual souls and the soul of the
>|localized Paramatma as well. At Vrndavana He was acting
>|just like a human being to attract people and to show that
>|He is not formless." (SB 10.14.55)
2264|The Supreme Lord is as much an individual as other living
>|beings, but He is different in that He is the Supreme and
>|all other living beings are subordinate to Him. All other
>|living beings can also enjoy spiritual bliss, eternal life
>|and full knowledge in His association. Lord Caitanya quotes
>|a verse from Bhagavad-gita in which Krsna, telling Arjuna
>|of His different opulences, points out that He Himself
>|enters this universe by one of His plenary portions,
>|Garbhodakasayi Visnu, and also enters into each universe as
>|the Ksirodakasayi Visnu, and then expands Himself as the
>|Supersoul in everyone's heart. Lord Krsna Himself indicates
>|that if anyone wants to understand the Supreme Absolute
>|Truth in perfection, he must take to the process of
>|devotional service in full Krsna consciousness. Then it
>|will be possible for him to understand the last word of the
>|Absolute Truth.
2265|TLC 6: His Forms Are One and the Same
2266|Chapter Six:
2267|His Forms Are One and the Same
2268|By devotional service one can understand that Krsna first
>|of all manifests Himself as svayam-rupa, His personal form,
>|then as tadekatma-rupa, and then as avesa-rupa. It is in
>|these three features that He manifests Himself in His
>|transcendental form. The feature of svayam-rupa is the form
>|by which Krsna can be understood by one who may not
>|understand His other features. In other words, the form by
>|which Krsna is directly understood is called svayam-rupa,
>|or His personal form. The tadekatma-rupa is that form which
>|most resembles the svayam-rupa, but there are some
>|differences in the bodily features. The tadekatma-rupa is
>|divided into two manifestations-the personal expansion (
>|svamsa) and the pastime expansion (vilasa). As far as the
>|avesa-rupa is concerned, when Krsna empowers some suitable
>|living entity to represent Him, that living entity is
>|called avesa-rupa, or saktyavesa-avatara.
2269|The personal form of Krsna can be divided into two: svayam-
>|rupa and svayam-prakasa. As far as His svayam-rupa (or
>|pastime form) is concerned, it is in that form that He
>|remains always in Vrndavana with the inhabitants of
>|Vrndavana. This personal form (svayam-rupa) can be further
>|divided into the prabhava and vaibhava forms. For instance,
>|Krsna expanded Himself in multiple forms during the rasa
>|dance in order to dance with each and every gopi who took
>|part in forms in order to accommodate His 16,108 wives.
>|There are some instances of great mystics' also expanding
>|their bodily features in different ways, but Krsna did not
>|expand Himself by any yoga process. Each expansion of Krsna
>|was a separate individual. In Vedic history, Saubhari Rsi,
>|a sage, expanded himself into eight forms by the yoga
>|process, but Saubhari Rsi remained one. As far as Krsna is
>|concerned, when He manifested Himself in different forms,
>|each and every one of them was a separate individual. When
>|Narada Muni visited Krsna at different palaces at Dvaraka,
>|he was astonished at this, and yet Narada is never
>|astonished to see expansions of a yogi's body, since he
>|knows the trick himself. Yet in Srimad-Bhagavatam it is
>|stated that Narada was actually astonished to see the
>|expansions of Krsna. He wondered how the Lord was present
>|with His queens in each and every one of His 16,108 palaces.
>| With each queen, Krsna Himself was in a different form,
>|and He was acting in different ways. In one form He was
>|engaged in playing with His children, and in yet another
>|form He was performing some household work. These different
>|activities are conducted by the Lord when He is in His "
>|emotional" forms, which are known as vaibhava-prakasa
>|expansions. Similarly, there are other unlimited expansions
>|of the forms of Krsna, but even when they are divided or
>|expanded without limit, they are still one and the same.
>|There is no difference between one form and another. That
>|is the absolute nature of the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead.
2270|In Srimad-Bhagavatam it is stated that when Akrura was
>|accompanying both Krsna and Balarama from Gokula to Mathura,
>| he entered into the waters of the Yamuna River and could
>|see in the waters all the planets in the spiritual sky. He
>|also saw there the Lord in His Visnu form as well as Narada
>|and the four Kumaras, who were worshiping Him. As stated in
>|the Bhagavata Purana (SB 10.40.7):
2271|anye ca samskrtatmano
2272|vidhinabhihitena te
2273|yajanti tvan-mayas tvam vai
2274|bahumurty-ekamurtikam
2275|There are many worshipers who are purified by different
>|processes of worship-such as the Vaisnavas or the Aryans-
>|who also worship the Supreme Lord according to their
>|convictions and spiritual understanding. Each process of
>|worship involves understanding different forms of the Lord,
>|as mentioned in scriptures, but the ultimate idea is to
>|worship the Supreme Lord Himself.
2276|In His vaibhava-prakasa feature, the Lord manifests Himself
>|as Balarama. The Balarama feature is as good as Krsna
>|Himself, the only difference being that the bodily hue of
>|Krsna is dark and that of Balarama is fair. The vaibhava-
>|prakasa form was also displayed when Krsna appeared before
>|His Mother Devaki in the four-handed form of Narayana, just
>|when He entered the world. At the request of His parents,
>|however, He transformed Himself into a two-handed form.
>|Thus He sometimes manifests four hands and sometimes two.
>|The two-handed form is actually vaibhava-prakasa, and the
>|four-handed form is prabhava-prakasa. In His personal form,
>|Krsna is just like a cowherd boy, and He thinks of Himself
>|in that way. But when He is in the Vasudeva form, He thinks
>|of Himself as the son of a ksatriya and acts as a princely
>|administrator.
2277|In the two-handed form, as the cowherd son of Nanda
>|Maharaja, Krsna fully exhibits His opulence, form, beauty,
>|wealth, attractiveness and pastimes. Indeed, in some of the
>|Vaisnava literatures it is found that sometimes, in His
>|form as Vasudeva, He becomes attracted to the form of
>|Govinda in Vrndavana. Thus as Vasudeva He sometimes desires
>|to enjoy as the cowherd boy Govinda does, although the
>|Govinda form and the Vasudeva form are one and the same. In
>|this regard, there is a passage in the Fourth Chapter of
>|the Lalita-madhava (4.19), in which Krsna addresses Uddhava
>|as follows: "My dear friend, the form of Govinda, the
>|cowherd boy, attracts Me. Indeed, I wish to be like the
>|damsels of Vraja, who are also attracted by this form of
>|Govinda." Similarly, in the Eighth Chapter, Krsna says: "O
>|how wonderful it is! Who is this person? After seeing Him,
>|I am so attracted that I am now desiring to embrace Him
>|just like Radhika."
2278|There are also forms of Krsna which are a little different,
>|and these are called tadekatma-rupa forms. These may be
>|further divided into the vilasa and svamsa forms, which in
>|turn have many different features and can be divided into
>|prabhava and vaibhava forms. As far as the vilasa forms are
>|concerned, there are innumerable prabhava-vilasas by which
>|Krsna expands Himself as Vasudeva, Sankarsana, Pradyumna,
>|and Aniruddha. Sometimes the Lord thinks of Himself as a
>|cowherd boy, and sometimes He thinks of Himself as the son
>|of Vasudeva, a ksatriya prince, and this "thinking" of
>|Krsna is called His "pastimes." Actually He is in the same
>|form in His vaibhava-prakasa and prabhava-vilasa, but He
>|appears differently as Balarama and Krsna. His expansions
>|as Vasudeva, Sankarsana, Pradyumna and Aniruddha are in the
>|original catur-vyuha, or four-handed forms.
2279|There are innumerable four-handed manifestations in
>|different planets and different places, and they are
>|manifested in Dvaraka and Mathura eternally. From the four
>|principal four-handed forms (Vasudeva, Sankarsana,
>|Pradyumna and Aniruddha) there are manifest the principal
>|twenty-four forms called vaibhava-vilasa, and they are
>|named differently according to the placement of different
>|symbols (conch, mace, lotus and disc) in their hands. The
>|four principal manifestations of Krsna are found in each
>|planet in the spiritual sky, and these planets are called
>|Narayanaloka or Vaikunthaloka. In the Vaikunthaloka He is
>|manifested in the four-handed form of Narayana. From each
>|Narayana the forms of Vasudeva, Sankarsana, Pradyumna and
>|Aniruddha are manifested. Thus Narayana is the center, and
>|the four forms of Vasudeva, Sankarsana, Pradyumna and
>|Aniruddha surround the Narayana form. Each of these four
>|forms again expand into three, and these all have different
>|names, beginning with Kesava. These forms are twelve in all,
>| and they are known by different names according to the
>|placement of symbols in their hands.
2280|As far as the Vasudeva form is concerned, the three
>|expansions manifested from Him are Kesava, Narayana and
>|Madhava. The three forms of Sankarsana are known as Govinda,
>| Visnu and Sri Madhusudana. (It should be noted, however,
>|that this Govinda form is not the same Govinda form that is
>|manifested in Vrndavana as the son of Nanda Maharaja.)
>|Similarly, Pradyumna is also divided into three forms known
>|as Trivikrama, Vamana and Sridhara; and the three forms of
>|Aniruddha are known as Hrsikesa, Padmanabha and Damodara.
2281|TLC 7: Unlimited Forms of Godhead
2282|Chapter Seven:
2283|Unlimited Forms of Godhead
2284|According to the Vaisnava almanac, the twelve months of the
>|year are named according to the twelve Vaikuntha forms of
>|Lord Krsna, and these forms are known as the predominating
>|Deities for the twelve months. This calendar begins with
>|the month of Margasirsa, which is equivalent to late
>|October and early November. The remainder of November is
>|known by Vaisnavas as Kesava. December is called Narayana,
>|January is called Madhava, February is Govinda, March is
>|Visnu, April Sri Madhusudana, May Trivikrama, June Vamana,
>|July Sridhara, August Hrsikesa, September Padmanabha, and
>|early October is known as Damodara. (The name Damodara was
>|given to Krsna when He was bound by ropes by His mother,
>|but the Damodara form in the month of October is a
>|different manifestation). Just as the months of the year
>|are known according to the twelve different names of the
>|Supreme Lord, the Vaisnava community marks twelve parts of
>|the body according to these names. For instance, the tilaka
>|mark on the forehead is called Kesava, and on the stomach,
>|breast and arms the other names are also given. These are
>|the same names as those given the months.
2285|The four forms (Vasudeva, Sankarsana, Pradyumna and
>|Aniruddha) are also expanded in the vilasa-murti. These are
>|eight in number, and their names are Purusottama, Acyuta,
>|Nrsimha, Janardana, Hari, Krsna, Adhoksaja and Upendra. Out
>|of these eight, Adhoksaja and Purusottama are the vilasa
>|forms of Vasudeva. Similarly, Upendra and Acyuta are the
>|forms of Sankarsana; Nrsimha and Janardana are the forms of
>|Pradyumna, and Hari and Krsna are the vilasa forms of
>|Aniruddha. (This Krsna is different from the original Krsna.
>|)
2286|These twenty-four forms are known as the vilasa
>|manifestation of the prabhava (four-handed) form, and they
>|are named differently according to the position of the
>|symbolic representations (mace, disc, lotus flower and
>|conch shell). Out of these twenty-four forms there are
>|vilasa and vaibhava forms. Names mentioned herein, such as
>|Pradyumna, Trivikrama, Vamana, Hari and Krsna, are also
>|different in features. Then, coming to the prabhava-vilasa
>|of Krsna (including Vasudeva, Sankarsana, Pradyumna and
>|Aniruddha), there are a total of twenty further variations.
>|All of these have Vaikuntha planets in the spiritual sky
>|and are situated in eight different directions. Although
>|each of them is eternally in the spiritual sky, some of
>|them are nonetheless manifest in the material world also.
2287|In the spiritual sky all the planets dominated by the
>|Narayana feature are eternal. The topmost planet in the
>|spiritual sky is called Krsnaloka and is divided into three
>|different portions: Gokula, Mathura and Dvaraka. In the
>|Mathura portion, the form of Kesava is always situated. He
>|is also represented on this earthly planet. In Mathura,
>|India, the Kesava murti is worshiped, and similarly there
>|is a Purusottama form in Jagannatha Puri in Orissa. In
>|Anandaranya there is the form of Visnu, and in Mayapur, the
>|birthplace of Lord Caitanya, there is the form of Hari.
>|Many other forms are also situated in various places on the
>|earth. Not only in this universe but in all other universes
>|as well the forms of Krsna are distributed everywhere. It
>|is indicated that this earth is divided into seven islands,
>|which are the seven continents, and it is understood that
>|on each and every island there are similar forms, but at
>|the present moment these are found only in India. Although
>|from Vedic literatures we can understand that there are
>|forms in other parts of the world, at present there is no
>|information of their location.
2288|The different forms of Krsna are distributed throughout the
>|universe to give pleasure to the devotees. It is not that
>|devotees are born only in India. There are devotees in all
>|parts of the world, but they have simply forgotten their
>|identity. These forms incarnate not only to give pleasure
>|to the devotee but to reestablish devotional service and
>|perform other activities which vitally concern the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead. Some of these forms are
>|incarnations mentioned in the scriptures, such as the Visnu
>|incarnation, Trivikrama incarnation, Nrsimha incarnation
>|and Vamana incarnation.
2289|In the Siddhartha-samhita, there is a description of the
>|twenty-four forms of Visnu, and these forms are named
>|according to the position of the symbolic representations
>|in Their four hands. When one describes the positions of
>|objects in the hands of the Visnu murti, one should begin
>|with the lower right hand then move to the upper right hand,
>| upper left hand and, finally, to the lower left hand. In
>|this way, Vasudeva may be described as being represented by
>|mace, conch shell, disc and lotus flower. Sankarsana is
>|represented by mace, conch shell, lotus flower and disc.
>|Similarly, Pradyumna is represented by disc, conch shell,
>|mace and lotus flower. Aniruddha is represented by disc,
>|mace, conch shell and lotus flower. In the spiritual sky
>|the representations of Narayana are twenty in number and
>|are described as follows: Sri Kesava (flower, conch shell,
>|disc, mace), Narayana (conch, flower, mace and disc), Sri
>|Madhava (mace, disc, conch and flower), Sri Govinda (disc,
>|mace, flower and conch), Visnu-murti (mace, flower, conch
>|and disc), Madhusudana (disc, conch, flower and mace),
>|Trivikrama (flower, mace, disc and shell), Sri Vamana (
>|conch, disc, mace and flower), Sridhara (flower, disc, mace
>|and shell), Hrsikesa (mace, disc, flower and conch),
>|Padmanabha (shell, flower, disc and mace), Damodara (flower,
>| disc, mace and shell), Purusottama (disc, flower, shell
>|and mace), Acyuta (mace, flower, disc and shell), Nrsimha (
>|disc, flower, mace and shell), Janardana (flower, disc,
>|shell and mace), Sri Hari (shell, disc, flower and mace),
>|Sri Krsna (shell, mace, flower and disc), Adhoksaja (flower,
>| mace, shell and disc), and Upendra (shell, mace, disc and
>|flower).
2290|According to the Hayasirsa-pancaratra, there are sixteen
>|forms, and these forms are named differently according to
>|the situations of the disc and mace. The conclusion is that
>|the Supreme Original Personality of Godhead is Krsna. He is
>|called lila-purusottama, and He resides principally in
>|Vrndavana as the son of Nanda. It is also learned from the
>|Hayasirsa-pancaratra that there are nine forms protecting
>|each of the two Puris known as the Mathura Puri and the
>|Dvaraka Puri: Vasudeva, Sankarsana, Pradyumna and Aniruddha
>|protect one, and Narayana, Nrsimha, Hayagriva, Varaha and
>|Brahma-protect the other. These are different
>|manifestations of the prakasa and vilasa forms of Lord
>|Krsna.
2291|Lord Caitanya also informs Sanatana Gosvami that there are
>|different forms of svamsa as well, and these are divided
>|into the Sankarsana division and the incarnation division.
>|From the first division come the three purusa-avataras-the
>|Karanodakasayi Visnu, Garbhodakasayi Visnu and
>|Ksirodakasayi Visnu-and from the other division come the
>|lila-avataras, such as the Lord's incarnations as a fish,
>|tortoise, etc.
2292|There are six kinds of incarnations: (1) the purusa-avatara,
>| (2) the lila-avatara, (3) the guna-avatara, (4) the
>|manvantara-avatara, (5) the yuga-avatara, and (6) the
>|saktyavesa-avatara. Out of the six vilasa manifestations of
>|Krsna, there are two divisions based on His age, and these
>|are called balya and pauganda. As the son of Nanda Maharaja,
>| Krsna in His original form enjoys both of these childhood
>|aspects-namely balya and pauganda.
2293|It is thus safe to conclude that there is no end to the
>|expansions and incarnations of Krsna. Lord Caitanya
>|explains some of them to Sanatana just to give him an idea
>|of how the Lord expands and enjoys. These conclusions are
>|also confirmed in Srimad-Bhagavatam (1.3.26). There it is
>|said that there is no limit to the incarnations of the
>|Supreme Lord, just as there is no limit to the waves of the
>|ocean.
2294|Krsna first incarnates as the three purusa-avataras, namely
>|the Maha-Visnu or Karanodakasayi avatara, the
>|Garbhodakasayi avatara and the Ksirodakasayi avatara. This
>|is confirmed in the Satvata-tantra. Krsna's energies can
>|also be divided into three: His energy of thinking feeling
>|and acting. When He exhibits His thinking energy, He is the
>|Supreme Lord; when He exhibits His feeling energy, He is
>|Lord Vasudeva; when He exhibits His acting energy, He is
>|Sankarsana Balarama. Without His thinking, feeling and
>|acting, there would be no possibility of creation. Although
>|there is no creation in the spiritual world-for there the
>|planets are beginningless-there is creation in the material
>|world. In either case, however, both the spiritual and
>|material worlds are manifestations of the energy of acting,
>|in which Krsna acts in the form of Sankarsana and Balarama.
2295|The spiritual world of the Vaikuntha planets and Krsnaloka,
>|the supreme planet, is situated in His energy of thinking.
>|Although there is no creation in the spiritual world, which
>|is eternal, it is still to be understood that the Vaikuntha
>|planets depend on the thinking energy of the Supreme Lord.
>|This thinking energy is described in Brahma-samhita (5.2),
>|where it is said that the supreme abode, known as Goloka,
>|is manifested like a lotus flower with hundreds of petals.
>|Everything there is manifested by Ananta, the Balarama or
>|Sankarsana form. The material cosmic manifestation and its
>|different universes are manifest through maya, or material
>|energy. However, one should not think that material nature
>|or material energy is the cause of this cosmic
>|manifestation. Rather, it is caused by the Supreme Lord,
>|who uses His different expansions through material nature.
>|In other words, there is no possibility of any creation
>|without the superintendence of the Supreme Lord. The form
>|by which the energy of material nature works to bring about
>|creation is called the Sankarsana form, and it is
>|understood that this cosmic manifestation is created under
>|the superintendence of the Supreme Lord.
2296|In Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.46.31) it is said that Balarama
>|and Krsna are the origin of all living entities and that
>|these two personalities enter into everything. A list of
>|incarnations is given in Srimad-Bhagavatam (1.3), and they
>|are as follows: (1) Kumaras, (2) Narada, (3) Varaha, (4)
>|Matsya, (5) Yajna, (6) Nara-narayana, (7) Kardami Kapila, (
>|8) Dattatreya, (9) Hayasirsa, (10) Hamsa, (1 1) Dhruvapriya
>|or Prsnigarbha, (12) Rsabha, (13) Prthu, (14) Nrsimha, (15)
>|Kurma, (16) Dhanvantari, (17) Mohini, (18) Vamana, (19)
>|Bhargava (Parasurama), (20) Raghavendra, (21) Vyasa, (22)
>|Pralambari Balarama, (23) Krsna, (24) Buddha (25) Kalki.
>|Because almost all of these twenty-five lila-avataras
>|appear in one day of Brahma, which is called a kalpa, they
>|are sometimes called kalpa-avataras. Out of these, the
>|incarnation of Hamsa and Mohini are not permanent, but
>|Kapila, Dattatreya, Rsabha, Dhanvantari and Vyasa are five
>|eternal forms, and they are more celebrated. The
>|incarnations of the tortoise Kurma, the fish Matsya, Nara-
>|narayana, Varaha, Hayasirsa, Prsnigarbha, and Balarama are
>|considered to be incarnations of vaibhava. Similarly, there
>|are three guna-avataras, or incarnations of the qualitative
>|modes of nature, and these are Brahma, Visnu and Siva.
2297|Of the manvantara-avataras, there are fourteen: (1) Yajna, (
>|2) Vibhu, (3) Satyasena, (4) Hari, (5) Vaikuntha, (6) Ajita,
>| (7) Vamana, (8) Sarvabhauma, (9) Rsabha, (10) Visvaksena, (
>|11) Dharmasetu, (12) Sudhama, (13) Yogesvara, (14)
>|Brhadbhanu. Out of these fourteen manvantara-avataras,
>|Yajna and Vamana are also lila-avataras, and the rest are
>|manvantara-avataras. These fourteen manvantara-avataras are
>|also known as vaibhava-avataras.
2298|The four yuga-avataras are also described in Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam. In the Satya-yuga, the incarnation of God is
>|white; in the Treta-yuga He is red; in the Dvapara-yuga, He
>|is blackish; and in the Kali-yuga He is also blackish, but
>|sometimes, in a special Kali-yuga, His color is yellowish (
>|as in the case of Caitanya Mahaprabhu). As far as the
>|saktyavesa-avataras are concerned, they include Kapila and
>|Rsabha, Ananta, Brahma (sometimes the Lord Himself becomes
>|Brahma), Catuhsana (the incarnation of knowledge), Narada (
>|the incarnation of devotional service), King Prthu (the
>|incarnation of administrative power), and Parasurama (the
>|incarnation who subdues evil principles).
2299|TLC 8: The Avataras
2300|Chapter Eight:
2301|The Avataras
2302|Lord Caitanya continued to explain to Sanatana Gosvami that
>|the expansions of Lord Krsna who come to the material
>|creation are called avataras, or incarnations. The word
>|avatara means "One who descends," and in this case the word
>|specifically refers to one who descends from the spiritual
>|sky. In the spiritual sky there are innumerable Vaikuntha
>|planets, and from these planets the expansions of the
>|Supreme Personality of Godhead come into this universe.
2303|The first descent of the Supreme Personality of Godhead
>|from the expansion of Sankarsana is the purusa incarnation,
>|Maha-Visnu. It is confirmed in Srimad-Bhagavatam (1.3.1)
>|that when the Supreme Personality of Godhead descends as
>|the first purusa incarnation of the material creation, He
>|immediately manifests sixteen elementary energies. Known as
>|the Maha-Visnu, He lies within the Causal Ocean, and it is
>|He who is the original incarnation in the material world.
>|He is the Lord of time, nature, cause and effect, mind, ego,
>| the five elements, the three modes of nature, the senses
>|and the universal form. Although He is master of all
>|objects movable and immovable in the material world, He is
>|totally independent.
2304|The influence of material nature cannot reach beyond the
>|Viraja, or Causal Ocean, as confirmed in Srimad-Bhagavatam (
>|2.9.10). The modes of material nature (goodness, passion
>|and ignorance), as well as material time, have no influence
>|on the Vaikuntha planets. On those planets the liberated
>|associates of Krsna live eternally, and they are worshiped
>|both by the demigods and the demons.
2305|Material nature acts in two capacities as maya and pradhana.
>| Maya is the direct cause, and pradhana refers to the
>|elements of the material manifestation. When the first
>|purusa-avatara, Maha-Visnu, glances over the material
>|nature, material nature becomes agitated, and the purusa-
>|avatara thus impregnates matter with living entities.
>|Simply by the glance of the Maha-Visnu, consciousness is
>|created, and this consciousness is known as mahat-tattva,
>|The predominating Deity of the mahat-tattva is Vasudeva.
>|This created consciousness is then divided into three
>|departmental activities according to the three gunas, or
>|modes of material nature. Consciousness in the mode of
>|goodness is described in the Eleventh Canto of Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam. The predominating Deity of the mode of goodness
>|is called Aniruddha. Consciousness in the mode of material
>|passion produces intelligence, and the predominating Deity
>|in this case is Pradyumna. He is the master of the senses.
>|Consciousness in the mode of ignorance causes the
>|production of ether, the sky and the sense of hearing. The
>|cosmic manifestation is a combination of all these modes,
>|and in this way innumerable universes are created. No one
>|can count the number of universes.
2306|These innumerable universes are produced from the pores of
>|the Maha-Visnu's body. As innumerable particles of dust
>|pass through the tiny holes in a screen, similarly from the
>|pores of the Maha-Visnu's body innumerable universes
>|emanate. As He breathes out, innumerable universes are
>|produced, and as He inhales, they are annihilated. All of
>|the energies of the Maha-Visnu are spiritual, and they have
>|nothing to do with the material energy. In Brahma-samhita (
>|5.48) it is stated that the predominating deity of each
>|universe, Brahma, lives only during one breath of the Maha-
>|Visnu. Thus Maha-Visnu is the original Supersoul of all the
>|universes and the master of all universes as well.
2307|The second Visnu incarnation, the Garbhodakasayi Visnu,
>|enters each and every universe, spreads water from His body,
>| and lies down on that water. From His navel, the stem of a
>|lotus flower grows, and on that lotus flower the first
>|creature, Brahma, is born. Within the stem of that lotus
>|flower are fourteen divisions of planetary systems, which
>|are created by Brahma. Within each universe the Lord is
>|present as the Garbhodakasayi Visnu, and He maintains each
>|universe and tends to its needs. Although He is within each
>|material universe, the influence of material energy cannot
>|touch Him. When it is required, this very same Visnu takes
>|the form of Lord Siva and annihilates the cosmic creation.
>|The three secondary incarnations-Brahma, Visnu and Siva-are
>|the predominating deities of the three modes of material
>|nature. The master of the universe, however, is the
>|Garbhodakasayi Visnu, who is worshiped as the Hiranyagarbha
>|Supersoul. The Vedic hymns describe Him as having thousands
>|of heads. Although He is within the material nature, He is
>|not touched by it.
2308|The third incarnation of Visnu, Ksirodakasayi Visnu, is
>|also an incarnation of the mode of goodness. He is also the
>|Supersoul of all living entities, and He resides on the
>|ocean of milk within the universe. Thus Caitanya Mahaprabhu
>|described the purusa-avataras.
2309|Lord Caitanya next described the lila-avataras, or "pastime"
>| avataras, and of these the Lord points out that there is
>|no limit. However, He describes some of them-for example,
>|Matsya, Kurma, Raghunatha, Nrsimha, Vamana and Varaha.
2310|As far as the guna-avataras, or qualitative incarnations of
>|Visnu, are concerned, they are three-Brahma, Visnu and Siva.
>| Brahma is one of the living entities, but due to his
>|devotional service he is very powerful. This primal living
>|entity, master of the mode of material passion, is directly
>|empowered by the Garbhodakasayi Visnu to create innumerable
>|living entities. In Brahma-samhita (5.49) Brahma is likened
>|to valuable jewels influenced by the rays of the sun, and
>|the sun is likened to the Supreme Lord Garbhodakasayi Visnu.
>| If in some kalpa there is no suitable living entity
>|capable of acting in Brahma's capacity, Garbhodakasayi
>|Visnu Himself manifests as Brahma and acts accordingly.
2311|Similarly, by expanding Himself as Lord Siva, the Supreme
>|Lord is engaged when there is a need to annihilate the
>|universe. Lord Siva, in association with maya, has many
>|forms, which are generally numbered at eleven. Lord Siva is
>|not one of the living entities; he is, more or less, Krsna
>|Himself. The example of milk and yogurt is often given in
>|this regard-yogurt is a preparation of milk, but still
>|yogurt cannot be used as milk. Similarly, Lord Siva is an
>|expansion of Krsna, but he cannot act as Krsna, nor can we
>|derive the spiritual restoration from Lord Siva that we
>|derive from Krsna. The essential difference is that Lord
>|Siva has a connection with material nature, but Visnu or
>|Lord Krsna has nothing to do with material nature. In
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.88.3) it is stated that Lord Siva is
>|a combination of three kinds of transformed consciousness
>|known as vaikarika, taijasa and tamasa.
2312|The Visnu incarnation, although master of the modes of
>|goodness within each universe, is in no way in touch with
>|the influence of material nature. Although Visnu is equal
>|to Krsna, Krsna is the original source. Visnu is a part,
>|but Krsna is the whole. This is the version given by Vedic
>|literatures. In Brahma-samhita the example is given of an
>|original candle which lights a second candle. Although both
>|candles are of equal power, one is accepted as the original,
>| and the other is said to be kindled from the original. The
>|Visnu expansion is like the second candle. He is as
>|powerful as Krsna, but the original Visnu is Krsna. Brahma
>|and Lord Siva are obedient servants of the Supreme Lord,
>|and the Supreme Lord as Visnu is an expansion of Krsna.
2313|After describing the Lila and guna-avataras, Lord Caitanya
>|explains the manvantara-avataras to Sanatana Gosvami. He
>|first states that there is no possibility of counting the
>|manvantara-avataras. In one kalpa, or one day of Brahma,
>|fourteen Manus are manifest. One day of Brahma is
>|calculated at 4 billion 320 million years, and Brahma lives
>|for one hundred years on this scale. Thus if fourteen Manus
>|appear in one day of Brahma, there are 420 Manus during one
>|month of Brahma, and during one year of Brahma there are 5,
>|040 Manus. Since Brahma lives for one hundred of his years,
>|it is calculated that there are 504,000 Manus manifest
>|during the lifetime of one Brahma. Since there are
>|innumerable universes, no one can imagine the totality of
>|the manvantara incarnations. Because all the universes are
>|produced simultaneously by the exhalation of the Maha-Visnu,
>| no one can begin to calculate how many Manus are manifest
>|at one time. Each Manu, however, is called by a different
>|name. The first Manu is called Svayambhuva, and he is the
>|son of Brahma. The second Manu, Svarocisa, is the son of
>|the predominating deity of fire. The third Manu is Uttama,
>|and he is the son of King Priyavrata. The fourth Manu,
>|Tamasa, is the brother of Uttama. The fifth Manu, called
>|Raivata, and the sixth Manu, Caksusa, are both brothers of
>|Tamasa, but Caksusa is the son of Caksu. The seventh Manu
>|is called Vaivasvata, and he is the son of the sun-god. The
>|eighth Manu is called Savarni, and he is also a son of the
>|sun-god, born of a wife named Chaya. The ninth Manu,
>|Daksasavarni, is the son of Varuna. The tenth Manu,
>|Brahmasavarni, is the son of Upasloka. Four other Manus are
>|known as Rudrasavarni, Dharmasavarni, Devasavarni and
>|Indrasavarni.
2314|After describing the Manu incarnations, Lord Caitanya
>|explained the yuga-avataras to Sanatana Gosvami. There are
>|four yugas, or millennia-Satya, Treta, Dvapara, and Kali-
>|and in each millennium the Supreme Lord incarnates, and
>|each incarnation has a different color according to the
>|yuga. In the Satya-yuga the color of the principal
>|incarnation is white. In the Treta-yuga the color is red,
>|in the Dvapara-yuga the color is blackish (Krsna), and in
>|the Kali-yuga the color of the principal incarnation is
>|yellow (Caitanya Mahaprabhu). This is confirmed in Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam (10.8.13) by the astrologer Gargamuni, who
>|calculated Krsna's horoscope in the house of Nanda Maharaja.
2315|In the Satya-yuga the process of self-realization was
>|meditation, and this process is taught by the white
>|incarnation of God. This incarnation gave a benediction to
>|the sage Kardama by which he could have an incarnation of
>|the Personality of Godhead as his son. In the Satya-yuga,
>|everyone meditated on Krsna, and each and every living
>|entity was in full knowledge. In this present age, Kali-
>|yuga, people who are not in full knowledge are still
>|attempting this meditative process which was recommended
>|for a previous age. The process for self-realization
>|recommended in the Treta millennium was the performance of
>|sacrifice, and this was taught by the red incarnation of
>|God. In the Dvapara millennium, Krsna was personally
>|present, and He was worshiped by everyone by the mantra:
2316|namas te vasudevaya
2317|namah sankarsanaya
2318|pradyumnayaniruddhaya
2319|tubhyam bhagavate namah
2320|"Let me offer my obeisances unto the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead, Vasudeva, Sankarsana, Pradyumna, and Aniruddha."
>|This was the process of self-realization for the Dvapara
>|age. In the next millennium-this present age of Kali-yuga-
>|the Lord incarnates to preach the chanting of the holy name
>|of Krsna. In this age the Lord is yellow (Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu), and He teaches people love of God by chanting
>|the names of Krsna. This teaching is carried out personally
>|by Krsna, and He exhibits love of Godhead by chanting,
>|singing and dancing with thousands of people following Him.
>|This particular incarnation of the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead is foretold in Srimad-Bhagavatam (11.5.32):
2321|krsna-varnam tvisakrsnam
2322|sangopangastra-parsadam
2323|yajnaih sankirtana-prayair
2324|yajanti hi sumedhasah
2325|"In the age of Kali the Lord incarnates as a devotee,
>|yellowish in color, and is always chanting Hare Krsna, Hare
>|Krsna, Krsna Krsna, Hare Hare/ Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama
>|Rama, Hare Hare. Although He is Krsna, His complexion is
>|not blackish like Krsna's in Dvapara-yuga but is golden. It
>|is in Kali-yuga that the Lord engages in preaching love of
>|Godhead through the sankirtana movement, and those living
>|entities who are intelligent adopt this process of self-
>|realization." It is also stated in Srimad-Bhagavatam (12.3.
>|52):
2326|krte yad dhyayato visnum
2327|tretayam yajato makhaih
2328|dvapare paricaryayam
2329|kalau taddhari-kirtanat
2330|"The self-realization which was achieved in the Satya
>|millennium by meditation, in the Treta millennium by the
>|performance of different sacrifices, and in the Dvapara
>|millennium by worship of Lord Krsna, can be achieved in the
>|age of Kali simply by chanting the holy names, Hare Krsna."
>|This is also confirmed in Visnu Purana (6.2.17) where it is
>|stated:.
2331|dhyayan krte yajan yajnais
2332|tretayam dvapare 'rcayan
2333|yad apnoti tad apnoti
2334|kalau sankirtya kesavam
2335|"In this age there is no use in meditation, sacrifice and
>|temple worship. Simply by chanting the holy name of Krsna-
>|Hare Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna Krsna, Hare Hare/ Hare Rama,
>|Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare-one can achieve perfect
>|self-realization."
2336|When Lord Caitanya described the incarnation for this age
>|of Kali, Sanatana Gosvami, who had been a government
>|minister and was perfectly capable of drawing conclusions,
>|directly asked of the Lord, "How can one understand the
>|advent of an incarnation?" By the description of the
>|incarnation for the Kali millennium, Sanatana Gosvami could
>|understand that Lord Caitanya was indeed that incarnation
>|of Krsna, and he could also understand that in the future
>|there would be many people who would try to imitate Lord
>|Caitanya because the Lord played as an ordinary brahmana,
>|despite the fact that His devotees accepted Him as an
>|incarnation. Since Sanatana knew that there would be many
>|pretenders, he asked the Lord, "How can one understand the
>|symptoms of an incarnation?"
2337|"As one can understand the different incarnations for
>|different millenniums by referring to Vedic literatures,"
>|the Lord replied, "one can similarly understand who is
>|actually the incarnation of Godhead in this age of Kali."
>|In this way the Lord especially stressed reference to
>|authoritative scriptures. In other words, one should not
>|whimsically accept a person as an incarnation but should
>|try to understand the characteristics of an incarnation by
>|referring to scriptures. An incarnation of the Supreme Lord
>|never declares Himself to be an incarnation, but His
>|followers must ascertain who is an incarnation and who is a
>|pretender by referring to authoritative scriptures.
2338|Any intelligent person can understand the characteristics
>|of an avatara by understanding two features-the principal
>|feature, called personality, and the marginal features. In
>|the scriptures there are descriptions of the
>|characteristics of the body and the activities of an
>|incarnation, and the description of the body is the
>|principal feature by which an incarnation can be identified.
>| The activities of the incarnation are the marginal
>|features. This is confirmed in the beginning of Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam (1.1.1) where the features of an avatara are
>|nicely described. In that verse, the two terms param and
>|satyam are used, and Lord Caitanya indicates that these
>|words reveal Krsna's principal feature. The other marginal
>|features indicate that He taught Vedic knowledge to Brahma
>|and incarnated as the purusa-avatara to create the cosmic
>|manifestation. These are occasional features manifest for
>|some special purposes. One should be able to understand and
>|distinguish the principal and marginal features of an
>|avatara. No one can declare himself an incarnation without
>|referring to these two features. An intelligent man will
>|not accept anyone as an avatara without studying the
>|principal and marginal features. When Sanatana Gosvami
>|tried to confirm Lord Caitanya's personal characteristics
>|as being those of the incarnation of this age, Lord
>|Caitanya Himself indirectly made the confirmation by simply
>|saying, "Let us leave aside all these discussions and
>|continue with a description of the saktyavesa-avataras."
2339|The Lord then pointed out that there is no limit to the
>|saktyavesa-avataras and that they cannot be counted.
>|However, some can be mentioned as examples. The saktyavesa
>|incarnations are of two kinds-direct and indirect. When the
>|Lord Himself comes, He is called saksat, or a direct
>|saktyavesa-avatara, and when He empowers some living entity
>|to represent Him that living entity is called an indirect
>|or avesa incarnation. Examples of indirect avataras are the
>|four Kumaras, Narada, Prthu and Parasurama. These are
>|actually living entities, but there is specific power given
>|to them by the Supreme Personality of Godhead. When a
>|specific opulence of the Supreme Lord is invested in
>|specific entities, they are called avesa-avataras. The four
>|Kumaras specifically represent the Supreme Lord's opulence
>|of knowledge. Narada represents the devotional service of
>|the Supreme Lord. Devotional service is also represented by
>|Lord Caitanya, who is considered to be the full
>|representation of devotional service. In Brahma the
>|opulence of creative power is invested, and in King Prthu
>|the power for maintaining the living entities is invested.
>|Similarly, in Parasurama the power for killing evil
>|elements is invested. As far as vibhati, or the special
>|favor of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, is concerned,
>|it is described in the Tenth Chapter of Bhagavad-gita that
>|a living entity who appears to be especially powerful or
>|beautiful should be known to be especially favored by the
>|Supreme Lord.
2340|Examples of direct or saksad-avataras are the Sesa
>|incarnation and the Ananta incarnation. In Ananta the power
>|for sustaining all planets is invested, and in the Sesa
>|incarnation the power for serving the Supreme Lord is
>|invested.
2341|After describing the saktyavesa incarnations, Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu began to speak about the age of the Supreme Lord.
>| He said that the Supreme Lord Krsna is always like a
>|sixteen-year-old boy, and when He desires to descend on
>|this universe, He first of all sends His father and mother,
>|who are His devotees, and then He advents Himself as an
>|incarnation, or He comes personally. All His activities-
>|beginning with the killing of the Putana demon-are
>|displayed in innumerable universes, and there is no limit
>|to them. Indeed, at every moment, at every second, His
>|manifestations and various pastimes are seen in different
>|universes (brahmandas). Thus His activities are just like
>|the waves of the Ganges River. Just as there is no limit to
>|the flowing of the waves of the Ganges, there is no
>|cessation of Lord Krsna's incarnations in different
>|universes. From childhood He displays many pastimes, and
>|ultimately He exhibits the rasa dance.
2342|It is said that all the pastimes of Krsna are eternal, and
>|this is confirmed in every scripture. Generally people
>|cannot understand how Krsna performs His pastimes, but Lord
>|Caitanya clarified this by comparing His pastimes to the
>|orbit of the earth about the sun. According to Vedic
>|astrological calculations, the twenty-four hours of a day
>|and night are divided into sixty dandas. The days are again
>|divided into 3,600 palas. The sun disc can be perceived in
>|every sixty palas, and that time constitutes a danda. Eight
>|dandas make one prahara, and the sun rises and sets with in
>|four praharas. Similarly, four praharas constitute one
>|night, and after that the sun rises. Similarly, all the
>|pastimes of Krsna can be seen in any of the universes, just
>|as the sun can be seen in its movement through 3,600 palas.
2343|Lord Krsna remains in this universe for only 125 years, but
>|all the pastimes of that period are exhibited in each and
>|every universe. These pastimes include His appearance, His
>|boyhood activities, His youth and His later pastimes up to
>|those pastimes at Dvaraka. Since all these pastimes are
>|present in one or another of the myriad universes at any
>|given time, they are called eternal. The sun is eternally
>|existing, although we see it rise and set, appear and
>|disappear, according to our position on the planet.
>|Similarly, the Lord's pastimes are going on, although we
>|can see them manifest in this particular universe only at
>|certain intervals. His abode is the supreme planet known as
>|Goloka Vrndavana, and by His will, this Goloka Vrndavana is
>|manifested in this universe and in other universes as well.
>|Thus the Lord is always in His supreme abode, Goloka
>|Vrndavana, and by His supreme will His activities there are
>|also manifested in innumerable universes. When He appears,
>|He appears in those particular places, and in every
>|manifestation His six opulences are displayed.
2344|TLC 9: The Opulences of Krsna
2345|Chapter Nine:
2346|The Opulences of Krsna
2347|Since Lord Caitanya is especially merciful to innocent,
>|unsophisticated persons, His name is also Patitapavana, the
>|deliverer of the most fallen conditioned souls. Although a
>|conditioned soul may be fallen to the lowest position, it
>|is possible for him to advance in spiritual science if he
>|is innocent. Sanatana Gosvami was considered to be fallen
>|according to the Hindu social system because he was in the
>|service of the Mohammedan government. Indeed, he had even
>|been excommunicated from brahminical society due to his
>|employment. But because he was a sincere soul, Lord
>|Caitanya showed him special favor by granting him a wealth
>|of spiritual information.
2348|The Lord next explained the situation of different
>|spiritual planets in the spiritual sky. The spiritual
>|planets are also known as Vaikuntha planets. The universes
>|of the material creation have a limited length and breadth,
>|but as far as the Vaikuntha planets are concerned, there is
>|no limitation to their dimensions because they are
>|spiritual. Lord Caitanya informed Sanatana Gosvami that the
>|length and breadth of each and every Vaikuntha planet is
>|millions and billions of miles. Each of these planets is
>|unlimitedly expanded, and in each and every one of them
>|there are residents who are full in all six opulences-
>|wealth, strength, knowledge, beauty, fame and renunciation.
>|In each and every one of these Vaikuntha planets an
>|expansion of Krsna has His eternal abode, and Krsna Himself
>|has His original, eternal abode called Krsnaloka or Goloka
>|Vrndavana.
2349|In this universe even the largest planet lies in one corner
>|of outer space. Although the sun is thousands of times
>|larger than the earth, it still lies in one corner of outer
>|space. Similarly, each of the infinite planets, although
>|unlimited in length and breadth, lies in a corner of the
>|spiritual sky known as the brahmajyoti. In the Brahma-
>|samhita this brahmajyoti is described as niskalam anantam
>|asesa-bhutam, or undivided and unlimited and without a
>|trace of the material modes of nature. All the Vaikuntha
>|planets are like petals of a lotus flower, and the
>|principal part of that lotus, called Krsnaloka or Goloka
>|Vrndavana, is the center of all the Vaikunthas. Thus the
>|expansions of Krsna in various forms, as described herein,
>|as well as His various abodes on the spiritual planets in
>|the spiritual sky, are unlimited. Even demigods like Brahma
>|and Siva cannot see or even estimate the extent of the
>|Vaikuntha planets. This is confirmed in Srimad-Bhagavatam (
>|10.14.21): "No one can estimate the length and breadth of
>|all the Vaikuntha planets." It is also stated there that
>|not only demigods like Brahma and Siva are unable to make
>|such an estimate, but even Ananta, the very incarnation of
>|the Lord's opulence of strength, cannot ascertain any limit
>|to the Lord's potency or to the area of the different
>|Vaikuntha planets.
2350|The prayers of Brahma, mentioned in Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.
>|14.21), are very convincing in this connection, for therein
>|Lord Brahma says:
2351|ko vetti bhuman bhagavan paratman
2352|yogesvarotir bhavatas tri-lokyam
2353|kva va katham va kati va kadeti
2354|vistarayan kridasi yoga-mayam
2355|"O my dear Lord, O Supreme Personality of Godhead, O
>|Supersoul, O master of all mystic powers, no one can know
>|or explain Your expansions, which You manifest by Your
>|yogamaya energy. These expansions extend throughout the
>|three worlds." Brahma also says in his prayers:
2356|gunatmanas te 'pi gunan vimatum
2357|hitavatirnasya ka isire 'sya
2358|kalena yair va vimitah sukalpair
2359|bhu-pamsavah khe mihika dyubhasah
2360|"Scientists and learned men cannot even estimate the atomic
>|constitution of a single planet. Even if they could count
>|the molecules of snow in the sky or the number of stars in
>|space, they cannot estimate how it is You descend on this
>|earth or in this universe with Your innumerable
>|transcendental potencies, energies and qualities." (SB 10.
>|14.7) Lord Brahma informed Narada that none of the great
>|sages, including himself, could estimate the potential
>|strength and energy of the Supreme Lord. He admitted that
>|even if Ananta with His thousands of tongues tried to
>|estimate the Lord's energies, He would fail. Therefore the
>|Personified Vedas also prayed:
2361|dyupataya eva te na yayur antam anantataya
2362|tvam api yad antaranda-nicaya nanu savaranah
2363|kha iva rajamsi vanti vayasa saha yac chrutayas
2364|tvayi hi phalanty atannirasanena bhavan-nidhanah
2365|"My Lord, You are unlimited, and no one has estimated the
>|extent of Your potencies. I think that even You do not know
>|the range of Your potential energies. Unlimited planets
>|float in the sky just like atoms, and great Vedantists, who
>|are engaged in research to find You, discover that
>|everything is different from You. Thus they finally decide
>|that You are everything." (SB 10.87.41)
2366|When Lord Krsna was within this universe, Brahma played a
>|trick on Him in order to confirm that the cowherd boy in
>|Vrndavana was actually Krsna Himself. By his mystic power,
>|Brahma stole all the cows, calves and cowherd friends of
>|Krsna and hid them. However, when he returned to see what
>|Krsna was doing alone, he saw that Krsna was still playing
>|with the same cows, calves and cowherd boys. In other words,
>| by His Vaikuntha potency, Lord Krsna had expanded all the
>|stolen cows, calves and friends. Indeed, Brahma saw
>|millions and billions of them, and he also saw millions and
>|billions of tons of sugarcane and fruit, lotus flowers and
>|horns. The cowherd boys were decorated with various clothes
>|and ornaments, and no one could count their vast numbers.
>|Indeed, Brahma saw that each of the cowherd boys had become
>|a four-handed Narayana like the predominating Deity of each
>|brahmanda, and he also saw that innumerable Brahmas were
>|engaged in offering obeisances to the Lord. He saw that all
>|of them were emanating from the body of Krsna and, after a
>|second, also entering into His body. Lord Brahma became
>|struck with wonder and in his prayer admitted that although
>|anyone and everyone could say that they knew about Krsna,
>|as far as he was concerned, he did not know anything about
>|Him. "My dear Lord," he said, "the potencies and opulences
>|which You have exhibited just now are beyond the ability of
>|my mind to understand."
2367|Lord Caitanya further explained that not only Krsnaloka but
>|even Vrndavana, Lord Krsna's abode on this planet, cannot
>|be estimated as far as potency is concerned. From one point
>|of view, Vrndavana is estimated to be thirty-two square
>|miles in area, yet in one part of this Vrndavana all the
>|Vaikunthas exist. The area of the present Vrndavana miles
>|in area, and Vrndavana City is estimated to be about
>|sixteen krosas, or thirty-two miles. How it is all the
>|Vaikunthas exist there is beyond material calculation. Thus
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu proclaimed the potencies and opulences
>|of Krsna to be unlimited. Whatever He told Sanatana Gosvami
>|was only partial, but by such a partial presentation one
>|can try to imagine the whole.
2368|While Lord Caitanya was speaking to Sanatana Gosvami about
>|the opulences of Krsna, He was deep in ecstasy, and in that
>|transcendental state He cited a verse from Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam (3.2.21) in which Uddhava, after the
>|disappearance of Krsna, told Vidura:
2369|svayam tv asamyatisayas tryadhisah
2370|svarajya-laksmyapta-samasta-kamah
2371|balim haradbhis cira-lokapalaih
2372|kirita-kotyedita-padapithah
2373|"Krsna is the master of all demigods, including Lord Brahma,
>| Lord Siva and the expansion of Visnu within this universe.
>|Therefore no one is equal to or greater than Him, and He is
>|full in six opulences. All the demigods engaged in the
>|administration of each universe [brahmanda] offer their
>|respectful obeisances unto Him. Indeed, the helmets on
>|their heads are beautiful because they are decorated with
>|the imprints of the lotus feet of the Supreme Lord." It is
>|similarly stated in Brahma-samhita (5.1) that Krsna is the
>|Supreme Personality of Godhead, and no one can be equal to
>|or greater than Him. Although masters of each and every
>|universe, Brahma, Siva and Visnu are servants of the
>|Supreme Lord Krsna. That is the conclusion. As the cause of
>|all causes, Lord Krsna is the cause of the Maha-Visnu, the
>|first incarnation and controller of this material creation.
>|From the Maha-Visnu, the Garbhodakasayi Visnu and
>|Ksirodakasayi Visnu come; thus Krsna is master of the
>|Garbhodakasayi Visnu and Ksirodakasayi Visnu, and He is
>|also the Supersoul within every living entity in the
>|universe. In Brahma-samhita (5.48) it is stated that by the
>|Maha-Visnu's breathing, innumerable universes are produced,
>|and in each universe there are innumerable Visnu-tattvas,
>|but it should be understood that Lord Krsna is the master
>|of them all, and they are but partial plenary expansions of
>|Krsna.
2374|From revealed scriptures it is understood that Krsna lives
>|in three transcendental places. The most confidential
>|residence of Krsna is Goloka Vrndavana. It is there that He
>|stays with His father, mother and friends, exhibits His
>|transcendental relationships and bestows His mercy amongst
>|His eternal entourage. There yogamaya acts as His
>|maidservant in the rasa-lila dance. The residents of
>|Vrajabhumi think, "The Lord is glorified by particles of
>|His transcendental mercy and affection, and we, the
>|residents of Vrndavana, have not the slightest anxiety due
>|to His merciful existence." As stated in Brahma-samhita (5.
>|43), all the Vaikuntha planets in the spiritual sky (known
>|as Visnuloka) are situated in the planet known as Krsnaloka,
>| Goloka Vrndavana. In that supreme planet the Lord enjoys
>|His transcendental bliss in multiple forms, and all the
>|opulences of the Vaikunthas are fully displayed in that one
>|planet. The associates of Krsna are also full with six
>|opulences. In the Padmottara-khanda (225.57) it is stated
>|that the material energy and the spiritual energy are
>|separated by water known as the Viraja River. That river
>|flows from the perspiration of the first purusa incarnation.
>| On one bank of the Viraja is the eternal nature, unlimited
>|and all-blissful, called the spiritual sky, and this is the
>|spiritual kingdom, or the kingdom of God. The spiritual
>|planets are called Vaikunthas because there is no
>|lamentation or fear there; everything is eternal. The
>|spiritual world has been calculated to comprise three-
>|fourths of the energies of the Supreme Lord, and the
>|material world is said to comprise one-fourth of His energy,
>| but no one can understand what this three-fourths is,
>|since even this material universe, which comprises only one-
>|fourth of His energy, cannot be described. Trying to convey
>|to Sanatana Gosvami something of the extent of one-fourth
>|of Krsna's energy, Caitanya Mahaprabhu cited an incident
>|from Srimad-Bhagavatam in which Brahma, the lord of the
>|universe, came to see Krsna at Dvaraka. When Brahma
>|approached Krsna, the doorman informed Krsna that Brahma
>|had arrived to see Him. Upon hearing this, Krsna inquired
>|as to which Brahma had come, and the doorman returned to
>|Brahma and asked, "Which Brahma are you? Krsna has asked."
2375|Brahma was struck with wonder. Why did Krsna ask such a
>|question? He informed the doorman, "Please tell Him that
>|Brahma, who is the father of the four Kumaras and who has
>|four heads, has come to see Him."
2376|The doorman informed Krsna and then asked Brahma inside.
>|Brahma offered his obeisances unto the lotus feet of Krsna,
>|and after receiving him with all honor, Krsna inquired
>|about the purpose of his visit.
2377|"I shall tell You of my purpose in coming here," Lord
>|Brahma replied, "but first I have a doubt which I ask You
>|to kindly remove. Your doorman told me that You asked which
>|Brahma has come to see You. May I inquire if there are
>|other Brahmas besides me?"
2378|Upon hearing this, Krsna smiled and at once called for many
>|Brahmas from many universes. The four-headed Brahma then
>|saw many other Brahmas coming to see Krsna and to offer
>|their respects. Some of them had ten heads, some had twenty,
>| some had a hundred and some even had a million heads.
>|Indeed, the four-headed Brahma could not even count the
>|Brahmas who were coming to offer their obeisances to Krsna.
>|Krsna then called many other demigods from various
>|universes, and they all came to offer their respects to the
>|Lord. Upon seeing this wonderful exhibition, the four-
>|headed Brahma became nervous and began to think of himself
>|as no more than a mosquito in the midst of many elephants.
>|Since so many demigods were offering obeisances unto the
>|lotus feet of Krsna, Brahma concluded that the unlimited
>|potency of Krsna could not be estimated. All the helmets of
>|the various demigods and Brahmas shone brightly in the
>|great assembly, and the prayers of the demigods made a
>|great sound.
2379|"Dear Lord," the demigods said, "it is Your great mercy
>|that You have called us to see You. Is there any particular
>|order? If so, we will carry it out at once."
2380|"There is nothing especially required of you," Lord Krsna
>|replied. "I only wanted to see you together at one time. I
>|offer My blessing to you. Don't fear the demons."
2381|"By Your mercy, everything is all right," they all replied.
>|"There are no disturbances at present, for by Your
>|incarnation everything inauspicious is vanquished."
2382|As each of the Brahmas saw Krsna, each thought that He was
>|only within his universe. After this incident, Krsna wished
>|all the Brahmas farewell, and after offering respects to
>|Him, they returned to their respective universes. Upon
>|seeing this, the four-headed Brahma at once fell down at
>|the feet of Krsna and said, "What I thought about You at
>|first was all nonsensical. Everyone may say that they know
>|You in perfection, but as far as I am concerned, I cannot
>|begin to conceive how great You are. You are beyond my
>|conception and understanding."
2383|"This particular universe is only four thousand million
>|miles broad," Krsna then informed him, "but there are many
>|millions and billions of universes which are far, far
>|greater than this one. Some of these are many trillions of
>|miles broad, and all these universes require strong Brahmas,
>| not just four-headed." Krsna further informed Brahma, "
>|This material creation is only a quarter manifestation of
>|My creative potency. Three quarters of My creative potency
>|is in the spiritual kingdom."
2384|After offering obeisances, the four-headed Brahma parted
>|from Krsna, and he could understand the meaning of the Lord'
>|s "three-quarters energy."
2385|The Lord is therefore known as Tryadhisvara, a name
>|indicating His principal abodes-Gokula, Mathura and Dvaraka.
>| These three abodes are full of opulences, and Lord Krsna
>|is the master of them all. Situated in His transcendental
>|potency, Lord Krsna is master of all transcendental
>|energies, and He is full with six opulences. Because He is
>|master of all opulences, all Vedic literatures acclaim
>|Krsna to be the Supreme Personality of Godhead.
2386|Lord Caitanya then sang a nice song about the opulences of
>|Krsna, and Sanatana Gosvami listened. "All the pastimes of
>|Krsna are exactly like the activities of human beings," the
>|Lord sang. "Therefore it is to be understood that His form
>|is like that of a human being. Indeed, a human being is but
>|an imitation of His form. Krsna's dress is just like that
>|of a cowherd boy's. He has a flute in His hand, and He
>|seems to be just like a newly grown youth. He is always
>|playful, and He plays just like an ordinary boy." Lord
>|Caitanya then told Sanatana Gosvami about the beautiful
>|aspects of Krsna. He said that one who understands these
>|beautiful qualities enjoys an ocean of nectar. The yogamaya
>|potency of Krsna is transcendental and beyond the material
>|energy, but the Lord exhibits His transcendental potency
>|even within this material world just to satisfy His
>|confidential devotees. Thus He appears in the material
>|world to satisfy His devotees, and His qualities are so
>|attractive that Krsna Himself becomes eager to understand
>|Himself. When He is fully decorated and stands with His
>|body curved in three ways-His eyebrows always moving and
>|His eyes so attractive-the gopis become enchanted. His
>|spiritual abode is at the top of the spiritual sky, and He
>|resides there with His associates, the cowherd boys, the
>|gopis, and all the goddesses of fortune. It is there that
>|He is known as Madana-mohana.
2387|There are many different pastimes of Krsna-such as His
>|pastimes in the forms of Vasudeva and Sankarsana-and in the
>|material sky His pastimes are carried on as the first
>|purusa incarnation, the creator of the material world.
>|There are also pastimes in which He incarnates as a fish or
>|a tortoise, and there are pastimes in which He takes the
>|forms of Lord Brahma and Lord Siva, as incarnations of the
>|material qualities. In His pastimes as an empowered
>|incarnation, He takes the form of King Prthu, and He also
>|carries on His pastimes as the Supersoul in everyone's
>|heart and as the impersonal Brahman as well. Although He
>|has innumerable pastimes, the most important is that of
>|Krsna in human form frolicking in Vrndavana, dancing with
>|the gopis, playing with the Pandavas on the Battlefield of
>|Kuruksetra and playing in Mathura and Dvaraka. Of His
>|important pastimes in human form, the most important are
>|those pastimes in which He appears as a cowherd boy, a
>|newly grown youth who plays a flute. It is to be understood
>|that a mere partial manifestation of His pastimes in Goloka,
>| Mathura and Dvaravati, or Dvaraka, can overflood the whole
>|universe with love of Godhead. Every living entity can be
>|attracted by the beautiful qualities of Krsna.
2388|The manifestation of His internal potency is not even
>|exhibited in the kingdom of God or on the planets of
>|Vaikuntha, but He does exhibit that internal potency within
>|the universe when, through His inconceivable mercy, He
>|descends from His personal abode. Krsna is so wonderful and
>|attractive that He Himself becomes attracted by His own
>|beauty, and this is proof that He is full of all
>|inconceivable potencies. As far as Krsna's ornaments are
>|concerned, when they decorate His body it appears that they
>|do not beautify Him, but the ornaments themselves become
>|beautiful simply by being on His body. When He stands in a
>|three-curved way, He attracts all living entities,
>|including the demigods. Indeed, He even attracts the
>|Narayana form which presides in each and every Vaikuntha
>|planet.
2389|TLC 10: The Beauty of Krsna
2390|Chapter Ten:
2391|The Beauty of Krsna
2392|Krsna is known as Madana-mohana because He conquers the
>|mind of Cupid. He is also known as Madana-mohana due to His
>|accepting the devotional service of the damsels of Vraja
>|and rendering favors unto them. After conquering Cupid's
>|pride, the Lord engages in the rasa dance as the new Cupid.
>|He is also known as Madana-mohana because of His ability to
>|conquer the minds of women with His five arrows called form,
>| taste, smell, sound and touch. The pearls of the necklace
>|which hangs about the neck of Krsna are as white as ducks,
>|and the peacock feather which decorates His head is colored
>|like a rainbow. His yellow garment is like lightning in the
>|sky, and Krsna Himself is like the newly arrived clouds.
>|The gopis are like footbells on His feet, and when the
>|cloud pours rain on the grains in the field, it appears
>|that Krsna is nourishing the hearts of the gopis by calling
>|down His pastime rain of mercy. Indeed, ducks fly in the
>|sky during the rainy season, and rainbows can also be seen
>|at that time. Krsna freely moves amongst His friends as a
>|cowherd boy in Vrndavana, and when He plays His flute, all
>|living creatures, mobile and immobile, become overwhelmed
>|with ecstasy. They quiver, and tears flow from their eyes.
>|Of Krsna's various opulences, His conjugal love is the
>|summit. He is the master of all riches, all strength, all
>|fame, all beauty, all knowledge and all renunciation, and
>|out of these, His perfect beauty is His conjugal attraction.
>| The form of Krsna, the conjugal beauty, is eternally
>|existent in Krsna alone, whereas His other opulences are
>|present in His Narayana form.
2393|When Lord Caitanya described the superexcellence of Krsna's
>|conjugal attraction, He felt transcendental ecstasy, and,
>|catching the hands of Sanatana Gosvami, He began to
>|proclaim how fortunate the damsels of Vraja were, reciting
>|a verse from Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.44.14):
2394|gopyas tapah kim acaran yad amusya rupam
2395|lavanya-saram asamordh vam ananya-siddham
2396|drgbhih pibanty anusavabhinavam durapam
2397|ekanta-dhama yasasah sriya aisvarasya
2398|"What great penance and austerities the damsels of
>|Vrndavana must have undergone, for they are able to drink
>|the nectar of Krsna, who is all beauty, all strength, all
>|riches, all fame and whose bodily luster is the center of
>|all beauty."
2399|The body of Krsna, the ocean of the eternal beauty of youth,
>| can be seen to move in waves of beauty. There is a
>|whirlwind at the sound of His flute, and those waves and
>|that whirlwind make the hearts of the gopis flutter like
>|dry leaves on trees, and when those leaves fall down at
>|Krsna's lotus feet, they can never rise up again. There is
>|no beauty to compare with Krsna's, for no one possesses
>|beauty greater than or equal to His. Since He is the origin
>|of all incarnations, including the form of Narayana, the
>|goddess of fortune, who is a constant companion of Narayana,
>| gives up Narayana's association and engages herself in
>|penance in order to gain the association of Krsna. Such is
>|the greatness of the superexcellent beauty of Krsna, the
>|everlasting mine of all beauty. It is from that beauty that
>|all beautiful things emanate.
2400|The attitude of the gopis is like a mirror upon which the
>|reflection of Krsna's beauty develops at every moment. Both
>|Krsna and the gopis increase their transcendental beauty at
>|every moment, and there is always transcendental
>|competition between them. No one can appreciate the beauty
>|of Krsna by properly discharging his occupational duty, or
>|by austerities, mystic yoga, cultivation of knowledge or by
>|prayers. Only those who are on the transcendental platform
>|of love of God, who out of love engage in devotional
>|service, can appreciate the transcendental beauty of Krsna.
>|Such beauty is the essence of all opulences and is only
>|appreciated in Goloka Vrndavana and nowhere else. In the
>|form of Narayana the beauties of mercy, fame, etc., are all
>|established by Krsna, but Krsna's gentleness and
>|magnanimity do not exist in Narayana. They are found only
>|in Krsna.
2401|Lord Caitanya, greatly relishing all the verses of Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam which He was explaining to Sanatana, quoted
>|another verse (SB 9.24.65):
2402|yasyananam makara-kundala-caru-karna-
2403|bhrajat-kapola-subhagam savllasa-hasam
2404|nityotsavam na tatrpur drsibhih pibantyo
2405|naryo naras ca muditah kupita nimes ca
2406|"The gopis used to relish the beauty of Krsna as a ceremony
>|of perpetual enjoyment. They enjoyed the beautiful face of
>|Krsna, His beautiful ears with earrings, His broad forehead
>|and His smile, and when enjoying this sight of Krsna's
>|beauty, they used to criticize the creator Brahma for
>|causing their vision of Krsna to be momentarily impeded by
>|the blinking of their eyelids."
2407|The Vedic hymn known as kama-gayatri describes the face of
>|Krsna as the king of all moons. In metaphorical language,
>|there are many different moons, but they are all one in
>|Krsna. There is the moon of His mouth, the moon of His
>|cheeks, the moonspots of sandalwood pulp on His body, the
>|moons of the fingertips of His hands and the moons of the
>|tips of His toes. In this way there are twenty-four and a
>|half moons, and Krsna is the central figure of all of them.
2408|The dancing movement of Krsna's earrings, eyes and eyebrows
>|is very attractive to the damsels of Vraja. Activities in
>|devotional service increase the sense of devotional service.
>| What else is there for two eyes to see beyond the face of
>|Krsna? Since one cannot adequately see Krsna with only two
>|eyes, one feels incapable and thus becomes bereaved. Such
>|bereavement is slightly reduced when one criticizes the
>|creative power of the creator. The unsatiated seer of Krsna'
>|s face nonetheless laments: "I do not have thousands of
>|eyes, but only two, and these are disturbed by the
>|movements of my eyelids. Therefore it is to be understood
>|that the creator of this body is not very intelligent. He
>|is not conversant in the art of ecstasy but is simply a
>|prosaic creator. He does not know how to arrange things
>|properly so one can see only Krsna."
2409|The gopis' minds are always engaged in relishing the
>|sweetness of Krsna's body. He is the ocean of beauty, and
>|His beautiful face and smile and the luster of His body are
>|all-attractive to the minds of the gopis. In krsna-
>|karnamrta, His face, smile and bodily luster have been
>|described as sweet, sweeter and sweetest. A perfect devotee
>|of Krsna is overwhelmed by seeing the beauty of Krsna's
>|bodily luster, His face and smile, and he bathes in the
>|ocean of transcendental convulsions. Before Krsna's beauty,
>|these convulsions often continue without treatment, just as
>|ordinary convulsions which a physician will allow to
>|continue, not even allowing a drink of water for relief.
2410|The devotee increasingly feels the absence of Krsna, for
>|without Him one cannot drink the nectar of His beauty. When
>|the transcendental sound of Krsna's flute is heard, the
>|devotee's anxiety to continue to hear that flute enables
>|him to penetrate the covering of the material world and
>|enter into the spiritual sky, where the transcendental
>|sound of the flute enters into the ears of the followers of
>|the gopis. The sound of Krsna's flute always resides within
>|the ears of the gopis and increases their ecstasy. When it
>|is heard, no other sound can enter into their ears, and
>|amongst their family they are not able to reply to
>|questions properly, for all these beautiful sounds are
>|vibrating in their ears.
2411|Thus Lord Caitanya explained the transcendental
>|constitution of Krsna, His expansions, His bodily luster
>|and everything connected with Him. In short, Lord Caitanya
>|explained Krsna as He is, as well as the process by which
>|one can approach Him. In this regard, Caitanya Mahaprabhu
>|pointed out that devotional service to Krsna is the only
>|process by which He can be approached. This is the verdict
>|of Vedic literature. As the sages declare: "If someone
>|inquires into Vedic literature to determine the process of
>|transcendental realization, or if someone consults the
>|Puranas (which are considered sister literatures), one will
>|find that in all of them the conclusion is that the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead Krsna is the only object of worship."
2412|Krsna is the Absolute Truth, the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead, and He is situated in His internal potency, which
>|is known as svarupa-sakti or atma-sakti, as described in
>|Bhagavad-gita. He expands Himself in various multiple forms,
>| and some of these are known as His personal forms and some
>|as His separated forms. Thus He enjoys Himself in all the
>|spiritual planets, as well as in the material universes.
>|The expansions of His separated forms are called living
>|entities, and these living entities are classified
>|according to the energies of the Lord. They are divided
>|into two classes-eternally liberated and eternally
>|conditioned. Eternally liberated living entities never come
>|into contact with material nature, and therefore they do
>|not have any experience of material life. They are
>|eternally engaged in Krsna consciousness, or devotional
>|service to the Lord, and they are counted among the
>|associates of Krsna. Their pleasure, the only enjoyment of
>|their life, is derived from rendering transcendental loving
>|service to Krsna. On the other hand, those who are
>|eternally conditioned are always divorced from the
>|transcendental loving service of Krsna and are thus
>|subjected to the threefold miseries of material existence.
>|Due to the conditioned soul's eternal attitude of
>|separation from Krsna, the spell of material energy awards
>|him two kinds of bodily existence-the gross body consisting
>|of five elements, and the subtle body consisting of mind,
>|intelligence and ego. Being covered by these two bodies,
>|the conditioned soul eternally suffers the pangs of
>|material existence known as the threefold miseries. He is
>|also subjected to six enemies (such as lust, anger, etc.).
>|Such is the everlasting disease of the conditioned soul.
2413|Diseased and conditioned, the living entity transmigrates
>|throughout the universe. Sometimes he is situated in the
>|upper planetary system and sometimes in the lower system.
>|In this way he leads his diseased life. His disease can be
>|cured only when he meets and follows the expert physician,
>|the bona fide spiritual master. When the conditioned soul
>|faithfully follows the instructions of a bona fide
>|spiritual master, his material disease is cured, he is
>|promoted to the liberated stage, and he again attains to
>|the devotional service of Krsna and goes back home, back to
>|Krsna. A conditioned living entity should become aware of
>|his real position and should pray to the Lord, "How much
>|longer will I be under the rule of all these bodily
>|functions such as lust and anger?" As masters of the
>|conditioned soul, lust and anger are never merciful. Indeed
>|the conditioned soul will never cease rendering service to
>|such bad masters. However, when he comes to his real
>|consciousness, or Krsna consciousness, he abandons these
>|bad masters and approaches Krsna with a frank and open
>|heart to achieve His shelter. At such a time he prays to
>|Krsna to be engaged in His transcendental loving service.
2414|In Vedic literatures sometimes fruitive activities, mystic
>|yoga and the speculative search for knowledge are praised
>|as different ways to self-realization, yet despite such
>|praise, in all literatures the path of devotional service
>|is accepted as the foremost. In other words, devotional
>|service to Lord Krsna is the highest perfectional path to
>|self-realization, and it is recommended that it be
>|performed directly. Fruitive activity, mystic meditation
>|and philosophical speculation are not direct methods of
>|self-realization. They are indirect because without
>|devotional service they cannot lead to the highest
>|perfection of self-realization. Indeed, all paths to self-
>|realization ultimately depend on the path of devotional
>|service.
2415|TLC 11: Service to the Lord
2416|Chapter Eleven:
2417|Service to the Lord
2418|When Vyasadeva was not satisfied even after compiling heaps
>|of books of Vedic knowledge, Narada Muni, his spiritual
>|master, explained that there is no path to self-realization
>|that can be successful without being mixed with devotional
>|service. At the time, Vyasadeva was sitting by the banks of
>|the River Sarasvati, and he was in a state of depression
>|when Narada Muni arrived. Upon seeing Vyasa so dejected,
>|Narada explained why the various books he compiled were
>|deficient.
2419|"Even pure knowledge is insufficient if it is devoid of
>|transcendental devotional service," Narada said. "And what
>|to speak of fruitive activities when they are devoid of
>|devotional service? How can they be of any benefit to their
>|performer?"
2420|There are many sages who are expert in performing
>|austerities; there are many men who give much in charity;
>|there are many famous men, scholars and thinkers, and there
>|are those who are very expert in reciting Vedic hymns.
>|Although these are all auspicious, unless one utilizes his
>|resources and performs his activities to attain devotional
>|service to the Lord, he cannot attain the desired results.
>|Therefore in Srimad-Bhagavatam (SB 2.4.17) Sukadeva Gosvami
>|offered his respectful obeisances unto the Supreme Lord as
>|the only person who can award success.
2421|It is accepted by all types of philosophers and
>|transcendentalists that one who lacks knowledge cannot be
>|liberated from material entanglement. Yet knowledge without
>|devotional service cannot possibly award liberation. In
>|other words, when jnana, or the cultivation of knowledge,
>|opens onto the path of devotional service, it can give one
>|liberation, but not otherwise. This is also stated by
>|Brahma in Srimad-Bhagavatam (SB 10.14.4):
2422|sreyah-srutim bhaktim udasya te vibho
2423|klisyanti ye kevala-bodha-labdhaye
2424|tesam asau klesala eva sisyate
2425|nanyad yatha sthula-tusavaghatinam
2426|"My dear Lord, devotional service unto You is the best path
>|for self-realization. If someone gives up that path and
>|engages in the cultivation of knowledge or in speculation,
>|he will simply undergo a troublesome process and will not
>|achieve his desired results. A person who beats an empty
>|husk of wheat cannot get grain, and one who engages simply
>|in speculative knowledge cannot achieve the desired result
>|of self realization. The only gain is trouble."
2427|In Bhagavad-gita it is stated (Bg. 7.14) that material
>|nature is so strong that it cannot be surmounted by an
>|ordinary living entity. Only those who surrender unto the
>|lotus feet of Krsna can cross the ocean of material
>|existence. The living entity forgets that he is eternally
>|the servitor of Krsna, and his forgetfulness causes his
>|bondage in conditional life and his attraction for material
>|energy. Indeed, that attraction is the shackle of material
>|energy. Since it is very difficult for a person to become
>|free as long as he desires to dominate material nature, it
>|is recommended that he approach a spiritual master who can
>|train him in devotional service and enable him to get out
>|of the clutches of material nature and achieve the lotus
>|feet of Krsna.
2428|There are eight divisions of human society created to
>|facilitate the execution of duty (the brahmanas, or
>|intellectuals; the ksatriyas, or administrators; the
>|vaisyas, or businessmen and farmers; and the sudras, or
>|laborers-as well as the four asramas: the brahmacari, or
>|student; the grhastha, or householder; the vanaprastha, or
>|retired person; and the sannyasi, or the person in
>|renounced life), but if a person is lacking in devotion or
>|Krsna consciousness, he cannot be released from material
>|bondage, even if he executes his prescribed duty. On the
>|contrary, even by discharging his prescribed duty he will
>|glide down into hell due to material consciousness.
>|Therefore whoever is engaged in his occupational duty must
>|simultaneously cultivate Krsna consciousness in devotional
>|service if he wants liberation from material clutches.
2429|In this regard, Lord Caitanya recited a verse from Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam which was delivered by Narada Muni to indicate
>|the path of bhagavata cultivation. Narada Muni pointed out
>|that the four divisions of human society, as well as the
>|four orders of life, are born out of the gigantic form of
>|the Lord. The brahmanas are born from the mouth of the
>|universal form of the Lord, the ksatriyas are born out of
>|the arms, the vaisyas out of the waist, and the sudras out
>|of the legs. As such, they are qualified in the different
>|modes of material nature within the form of the virat-
>|purusa. If a person is not engaged in the devotional
>|service of the Lord, he falls from his position, regardless
>|of whether he executes his prescribed occupational duty or
>|not.
2430|Lord Caitanya further points out that those who belong to
>|the Mayavadi or impersonalist school consider themselves to
>|be one with God, or liberated, but according to Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu Himself and Srimad-Bhagavatam, they are not
>|actually liberated. In this regard Caitanya Mahaprabhu
>|again quotes Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.2.32):
2431|ye 'nye 'ravindaksa vimukta-maninas
2432|tvayy asta-bhavad avisuddha-buddhayah
2433|aruhya krcchrena param padam tatah
2434|patanty adho 'nadrta-yusmad-anghrayah
2435|"Those who think that they are liberated according to
>|Mayavadi philosophy, but who do not take to the devotional
>|service of the Lord, fall down for want of devotional
>|service, even after they undergo the severest types of
>|penances and austerities and even after they sometimes
>|approach the supreme position."
2436|Caitanya Mahaprabhu explains that Krsna is just like the
>|sun, and maya, the illusory material energy, is just like
>|darkness. One who is constantly in the sunshine of Krsna
>|cannot possibly be deluded by the darkness of material
>|energy. This is very clearly explained in the four
>|principal verses of Srimad-Bhagavatam and is also confirmed
>|in the Srimad-Bhagavatam (SB 2.5.13), wherein it is stated:
>|"The illusory energy, or maya, is ashamed to stand before
>|the Lord." Nonetheless, the living entities are constantly
>|being bewildered by this very illusory energy. In his
>|conditioned state, the living entity discovers many forms
>|of word jugglery in order to get apparent liberation from
>|the clutches of maya, but if he sincerely surrenders unto
>|Krsna by simply saying once, "My dear Lord Krsna, from this
>|day I am Yours," he at once gets out of the clutches of
>|material energy. This is also confirmed in the Ramayana,
>|Lanka-kanda (18.33), wherein the Lord says:
2437|sakrdeva prapanno yas
2438|tavasmiti ca yacate
2439|abhayam sarvada tasmai
2440|dadamy etad vratam mama
2441|"It is My promise and duty to give all protection to one
>|who surrenders unto Me without reservation." One may enjoy
>|fruitive activities, liberation, jnana, or the perfection
>|of the yoga system, but if one becomes very intelligent he
>|will give up all these paths and engage himself in sincere
>|devotional service to the Lord. The Srimad-Bhagavatam also
>|confirms (2.3.10) that even if a person desires material
>|enjoyment or liberation, he should engage in devotional
>|service. Those who are ambitious to derive material benefit
>|from devotional service are not pure devotees, but because
>|they are engaged in devotional service they are considered
>|fortunate. They do not know that the result of devotional
>|service is not material benediction, but because they
>|engage themselves in the devotional service of the Lord
>|they ultimately come to understand that material enjoyment
>|is not the goal of devotional service. Krsna Himself says
>|that persons who want some material benefit in exchange for
>|devotional service are certainly foolish because they want
>|something which is poisonous for them. The real goal of
>|devotional service is love of Godhead, and although a
>|person may desire material benefits from Krsna, the Lord,
>|being all-powerful, considers the person's position and
>|gradually liberates him from a materially ambitious life
>|and engages him more in devotional service. When one is
>|actually engaged in devotional service, he forgets his
>|material ambitions and desires. This is also confirmed by
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam (5.19.27):
2442|satyam disaty arthitam arthito nrnam
2443|naivarthado yat punar arthita yatah
2444|svayam vidhatte bhajatam anicchatam
2445|iccha-pidhanam nija-pada-pallavam
2446|"Lord Krsna certainly fulfills the desires of His devotees
>|who come to Him in devotional service, but He does not
>|fulfill desires that would again cause miseries. In spite
>|of being materially ambitious, such devotees, by rendering
>|transcendental service, are gradually purified of desires
>|for material enjoyment, and they come to desire the
>|pleasure of devotional service."
2447|Generally people come into the association of devotees in
>|order to mitigate some material wants, but the influence of
>|a pure devotee frees a man from all material desires so
>|that he eventually comes to relish the taste of devotional
>|service. Devotional service is so nice and pure that it
>|purifies the devotee, and he forgets all material ambitions
>|as soon as he engages fully in the transcendental loving
>|service of Krsna. A practical example is Dhruva Maharaja,
>|who wanted something material from Krsna and therefore
>|engaged in devotional service. When the Lord appeared as
>|four-handed Visnu before Dhruva, Dhruva told the Lord: "My
>|dear Lord, because I engaged myself in Your devotional
>|service with great austerity and penances, I am now seeing
>|You. Even great demigods and great sages have difficulty in
>|seeing You. Now I am pleased, and all my desires are
>|satisfied. I do not want anything else. I was searching for
>|some broken glass, but instead I have found a great and
>|valuable gem." Thus Dhruva Maharaja was fully satisfied,
>|and he refused to ask anything of the Lord.
2448|The living entity, transmigrating through 8,400,000 species
>|of life, is sometimes likened to a log which is gliding
>|down a river. Sometimes, by chance, a log washes upon shore
>|and is thus saved from being forced to drift further
>|downstream. There is a verse in Srimad-Bhagavatam (SB 10.38.
>|5) which encourages every conditioned soul in this way: "No
>|one should be depressed by thinking that he will never be
>|out of the clutches of matter, for there is every
>|possibility of being rescued, exactly as it is possible for
>|a log, which is floating down a river, to come to rest on
>|the bank." This fortunate opportunity is also discussed by
>|Lord Caitanya. Such fortunate incidents are considered the
>|beginning of the decline of one's conditional life, and
>|they occur if there is association with the pure devotees
>|of the Lord. By associating with pure devotees, one
>|actually develops attraction for Krsna. There are various
>|types of rituals and activities, and some of them develop
>|into material enjoyment and some into material liberation,
>|but if a living entity takes to those ritualistic
>|activities by which pure devotional service to the Lord is
>|developed in the association of pure devotees, then one's
>|mind naturally becomes attracted to devotional service. In
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.51.54) it is stated by Mucukunda:
2449|bhavapavargo bhramato yada bhavej
2450|janasya tarhy acyuta sat-samagamah
2451|sat-sangamo yarhi tadaiva sad-gatau
2452|paravarese tvayi jayate matih
2453|"My dear Lord, while traveling in this material world
>|through different species of life, a living entity may
>|progress toward liberation. But if, by chance, he comes in
>|contact with a pure devotee, he becomes actually liberated
>|from the clutches of material energy and becomes a devotee
>|of Yourself, the Personality of Godhead."
2454|When a conditioned soul becomes a devotee of Krsna, the
>|Lord, by His causeless mercy, trains him in two ways: He
>|trains him from without through the spiritual master, and
>|He trains him from within through the Supersoul. As stated
>|in Srimad-Bhagavatam (11.29.6): "My dear Lord, even if
>|someone attains a life as long as Brahma's, he would still
>|be unable to express his gratitude for the benefits derived
>|from remembering You. Out of Your causeless mercy You drive
>|away all inauspicious conditions, expressing Yourself from
>|outside as the spiritual master and from inside as the
>|Supersoul."
2455|Somehow or other if one gets in touch with a pure devotee
>|and thus develops a desire to render devotional service to
>|Krsna, he gradually rises to the platform of love of
>|Godhead and is thus freed from the clutches of material
>|energy. This is also explained in Srimad-Bhagavatam (11.20.
>|8) where the Lord Himself says: "For one who is attracted
>|by My activities out of his own accord-being neither lured
>|nor repelled by material activities-the path of devotional
>|service leading to the perfection of love of God becomes
>|possible." However, it is not possible to achieve the stage
>|of perfection without the favor of a pure devotee, or a
>|mahatma, a great soul. Without the mercy of a great soul,
>|one cannot even be liberated from the material clutches,
>|and what to speak of rising to the platform of love of
>|Godhead. This is also confirmed in Srimad-Bhagavatam (5.12.
>|12) in a conversation between King Rahugana of the Sind
>|province in Siberia with King Bharata. When King Rahugana
>|expressed surprise upon seeing King Bharata's spiritual
>|achievements, Bharata replied:
2456|rahuganaitat tapasa na yati
2457|na cejyaya nirvapanad grhad va
2458|na cchandasa naiva jalagni-suryair
2459|vina mahat-pada-rajo 'bhisekam
2460|"My dear Rahugana, no one can attain the perfected stage of
>|devotional service without being favored by a great soul or
>|a pure devotee. No one can attain the perfectional stages
>|simply by following the regulative principles of scriptures,
>| or by accepting the renounced order of life, or by
>|prosecuting the prescribed duties of householder life, or
>|by becoming a great student of spiritual science, or by
>|accepting severe austerity and penances for realization."
>|Similarly, when the atheist father Hiranyakasipu asked his
>|son Prahlada Maharaja how it was he became attracted to
>|devotional service, the boy replied, "As long as one is not
>|favored by the dust of the feet of pure devotees, he cannot
>|even touch the path of devotional service, which is the
>|solution to all the problems of material life." (SB 7.5.32)
2461|Thus Lord Caitanya told Sanatana Gosvami that all
>|scriptures stress association with pure devotees of the
>|Godhead. The opportunity to associate with a pure devotee
>|of the Supreme Lord is the beginning of one's complete
>|perfection. This is also confirmed in Srimad-Bhagavatam (1.
>|18.13) where it is said that the facilities and
>|benedictions which one achieves by association with a pure
>|devotee are incomparable. They cannot be compared to
>|anything-neither elevation to the heavenly kingdom nor
>|liberation from material energy. Lord Krsna also confirms
>|this in the most confidential instruction in Bhagavad-gita,
>|wherein He tells Arjuna:
2462|man-mana bhava mad-bhakto
2463|mad-yaji mam namaskuru
2464|mam evaisyasi satyam te
2465|pratijane priyo 'si me
2466|"Always think of Me and become My devotee. Worship Me and
>|offer your homage unto Me. Thus you will come to Me without
>|fail. I promise you this because you are My very dear
>|friend." (Bg. 18.65)
2467|Such a direct instruction from Krsna is more important than
>|any Vedic instruction or even regulative service. There are
>|certainly many Vedic injunctions, ritualistic and
>|sacrificial performances, regulative duties, meditative
>|techniques and speculative processes to attain knowledge,
>|but Krsna's direct order-"Always think of Me and become My
>|devotee"-should be taken as the final order of the Lord and
>|should be followed. If one is simply convinced of this
>|order and comes to His devotional service, giving up all
>|other engagements, one will undoubtedly attain success. To
>|confirm this statement, Srimad-Bhagavatam (11.20.9) says
>|that one should follow other paths to self-realization only
>|as long as one is not convinced of the direct order of the
>|Lord Sri Krsna. It is the conclusion of Srimad-Bhagavatam
>|and Bhagavad-gita that the direct order of the Lord is to
>|give up everything and engage in devotional service.
2468|Firm conviction to execute the order of the Lord is known
>|as faith. If one has faith he is firmly convinced that
>|simply by rendering devotional service to Lord Krsna all
>|other activities are automatically performed-including
>|ritualistic duties, sacrifices, yoga and the speculative
>|pursuit of knowledge. If one is convinced that devotional
>|service to the Lord includes everything, no other activity
>|is required. As stated in Srimad-Bhagavatam (4.31.14):
2469|yatha taror mula-nisecanena
2470|trpyanti tat-skandha-bhujopasakhah
2471|pranopaharac ca yathendriyanam
2472|tathaiva sarvarhanam acyutejya
2473|"By watering the root of a tree, one automatically
>|nourishes the branches, twigs and fruits, and by supplying
>|food to the stomach, all the senses are satisfied.
>|Similarly, by rendering devotional service to Krsna, one
>|automatically satisfies the requirements for all other
>|forms of worship." One who is faithful and firmly convinced
>|of this is eligible to be elevated as a pure devotee.
2474|There are three classes of devotees according to the degree
>|of conviction. The first-class devotee is conversant with
>|all kinds of Vedic literature and at the same time has the
>|firm conviction mentioned above. He can deliver all others
>|from the pangs of material miseries. The second-class
>|devotee is firmly convinced and has strong faith, but he
>|has no power to cite evidence from revealed scriptures. The
>|third-class devotee is one whose faith is not very strong,
>|but, by the gradual cultivation of devotional service, he
>|will eventually be eligible for promotion to the second or
>|first-class position. It is said in Srimad-Bhagavatam (11.2.
>|45-47) that the first class devotee always sees the Supreme
>|Lord as the soul of all living entities. Thus in seeing all
>|living entities, he sees Krsna and nothing but Krsna. The
>|second-class devotee places his full faith in the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead, makes friends with the pure
>|devotees, favors innocent persons and avoids those who are
>|atheistic or opposed to devotional service. The third-class
>|devotee engages in devotional service according to the
>|directions of the spiritual master, or engages out of
>|family tradition, and worships the Deity of the Lord, but
>|he is not cultivated in knowledge of devotional service,
>|and he does not know a devotee from a nondevotee. Such a
>|third-class devotee cannot actually be considered a pure
>|devotee; he is almost in the devotional line, but his
>|position is not very secure.
2475|One can thus conclude that when a person shows love for God
>|and friendship for devotees, displays mercy towards the
>|innocent and is reluctant to associate with nondevotees, he
>|may be considered a pure devotee. By developing devotional
>|service, such a person can perceive that every living
>|entity is part and parcel of the Supreme. In each and every
>|living entity he can see the Supreme Person, and therefore
>|he becomes highly developed in Krsna consciousness. At this
>|stage he does not distinguish between the devotee and the
>|nondevotee, for he sees everyone in the service of the Lord.
>| He continues to develop all great qualities while engaged
>|in Krsna consciousness and devotional service. As stated in
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam (5.18.12):
2476|yasyasti bhaktir bhagavaty akincana
2477|sarvair gunais tatra samasate surah
2478|harav abhaktasya kuto mahad-guna
2479|mano-rathenasati dhavato bahih
2480|"One who attains pure unalloyed devotional service to the
>|Supreme Lord develops all the good qualities of the
>|demigods, whereas a person who doesn't develop such service,
>| despite all material qualifications, is sure to go astray,
>|for he hovers on the mental platform." Thus material
>|qualifications are valueless without devotional service.
2481|TLC 12: The Devotee
2482|Chapter Twelve:
2483|The Devotee
2484|A person in Krsna consciousness who is fully devoted to the
>|transcendental loving service of the Lord develops all the
>|godly qualities of the demigods. There are many divine
>|qualities, but Lord Caitanya describes only some of them to
>|Sanatana Gosvami. A devotee of the Lord is always kind to
>|everyone, and he does not pick quarrels. His interest is in
>|the essence of life, which is spiritual. He is equal to
>|everyone, and no one can find fault in him. His magnanimous
>|mind is always fresh and clean and devoid of material
>|obsessions. He is a benefactor to all living entities and
>|is peaceful and always surrendered to Krsna. He has no
>|material desires. He is very humble and is fixed in his
>|purpose. He is victorious over the six material qualities
>|such as lust and anger, and he does not eat more than he
>|needs. He is always sane and is respectful to others, but
>|he does not require respect for himself. He is grave,
>|merciful, friendly, poetic, expert and silent.
2485|There is also a description of the devotee of the Lord in
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam (3.25.21) wherein he is said to be always
>|tolerant and merciful. A friend to all living entities, he
>|has no enemies. He is peaceful, and he possesses all good
>|qualities. These are but a few of the characteristics of a
>|person in Krsna consciousness.
2486|It is also said in Srimad-Bhagavatam that if one gets an
>|opportunity to serve a great soul-a mahatma-his path to
>|liberation is open. However, those who are attached to
>|materialistic persons are on the path of darkness. Those
>|who are actually holy are transcendental, composed,
>|peaceful, friendly to all living entities and not subject
>|to anger. Simply by association with such holy men one can
>|become a Krsna conscious devotee. Indeed, to develop love
>|of Godhead, the association of holy devotees is needed. The
>|path of advancement in spiritual life opens for anyone who
>|comes in contact with a holy man, and by following the path
>|of the devotee, one is sure to develop Krsna consciousness
>|in full devotional service.
2487|In Srimad-Bhagavatam (11.2.28), Vasudeva, the father of
>|Krsna, asks Narada Muni about the welfare of all living
>|entities, and in reply Narada Muni quotes a passage from
>|Maharaja Nimi's discussion with the nine sages. "O holy
>|sages," King Nimi said, "I am just trying to find the path
>|of well-being for all living entities. A moment of
>|association with holy men is the most valuable thing in
>|life, for that moment opens the path of advancement in
>|spiritual life." This is also confirmed elsewhere in Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam (3.25.25). By associating with holy persons and
>|discussing transcendental subject matters with them, one
>|becomes convinced of the value of spiritual life. Very soon,
>| hearing of Krsna becomes pleasing to the ear and begins to
>|satisfy one's heart. After receiving such spiritual
>|messages from holy persons or pure devotees, if one tries
>|to apply them in his own life, the path of Krsna
>|consciousness naturally develops in faith, attachment and
>|devotional service.
2488|The Lord then informed Sanatana Gosvami about the behavior
>|of a devotee. Here the main point is that one should always
>|stay aloof from unholy association. That is the sum and
>|substance of a devotee's behavior. And what is unholy
>|association? It is association with one who is too much
>|attached to women and with one who is not a devotee of Lord
>|Krsna. These are unholy persons. One is advised to
>|associate with the holy devotees of the Lord and carefully
>|avoid the association of unholy nondevotees. Those who are
>|pure devotees of Krsna are very careful to keep aloof from
>|the two types of nondevotees. In Srimad-Bhagavatam (3.31.33-
>|35) it is said that one should give up all association with
>|a person who is a playmate for women, for by associating
>|with such an unholy person one becomes bereft of all good
>|qualities, such as truthfulness, cleanliness, mercy,
>|gravity, intelligence, shyness, beauty, fame, forgiveness,
>|control of the mind and senses and all the opulences that
>|are automatically obtained by a devotee. A man is never so
>|degraded as when he associates with persons who are too
>|much attached to women.
2489|In this regard, Lord Caitanya also quotes a verse from
>|Katyayana-samhita: "One should rather tolerate the miseries
>|of being locked in a cage filled with fire than associate
>|with those who are not devotees of the Lord."One is also
>|advised not to even look at the faces of persons who are
>|irreligious or who are devoid of devotion to the Supreme
>|Lord. Lord Caitanya recommends that one should scrupulously
>|renounce the association of unwanted persons and completely
>|take shelter of the Supreme Lord Krsna. This same
>|instruction is given to Arjuna in the last verses of
>|Bhagavad-gita in which Krsna says:"Just give up everything
>|and surrender unto Me. I will take care of you and protect
>|you from all the reactions to sinful activities." (Bg. 18.
>|66) The Lord is very kind to His devotees, and He is very
>|grateful, able and magnanimous. It is our duty to believe
>|His words, and if we are intelligent and educated enough,
>|we will follow His instructions without hesitation. In
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.48.26) Akrura tells Krsna:
2490|kah panditas tvad aparam saranam samiyad
2491|bhakta-priyad rta-girah suhrdah krta-jnat
2492|sarvan dadati suhrdo bhajato 'bhikaman
2493|atmanam apy upacayapacayau na yasya
2494|"Who can surrender to anyone other than Yourself? Who is as
>|dear, truthful, friendly and grateful as You? You are so
>|perfect and complete that even though You give Yourself to
>|Your devotee, You are still full and perfect. You can
>|satisfy all the desires of Your devotee and even deliver
>|Yourself unto him." A person who is intelligent and able to
>|understand the philosophy of Krsna consciousness naturally
>|gives up everything and takes to the shelter of Krsna. In
>|this regard, Lord Caitanya recites a verse spoken by
>|Uddhava in Srimad-Bhagavatam (3.2.23): "How can one take
>|shelter of anyone but Krsna? He is so kind. Even though
>|Bakasura's sister planned to kill Krsna when He was an
>|infant by applying poison to her breast and offering it to
>|Krsna to suck and thus die, still that heinous woman
>|received salvation and was elevated to the same platform as
>|Krsna's own mother." This verse refers to the time when
>|Putana planned to kill Krsna. Krsna accepted the poisonous
>|breasts of that demonic woman, and when He sucked the milk
>|from her, He sucked out her life also. Nonetheless Putana
>|was elevated to the same position as Krsna's own mother.
2495|There is no essential difference between a fully
>|surrendered soul and a person in the renounced order of
>|life. The only difference is that a fully surrendered soul
>|is completely dependent upon Krsna. There are six basic
>|guidelines for surrender. The first is that one should
>|accept everything that is favorable for the discharge of
>|devotional service, and one should be determined to accept
>|the process. The second is that one should give up
>|everything that is unfavorable to the discharge of
>|devotional service, and one should be determined to give it
>|all up. Thirdly, one should be convinced that only Krsna
>|can protect him and should have full faith that the Lord
>|will give that protection. An impersonalist thinks that his
>|actual identity is in being one with Krsna, but a devotee
>|does not destroy his identity in this way. He lives with
>|full faith that Krsna will kindly protect him in all
>|respects. Fourthly, a devotee should always accept Krsna as
>|his maintainer. Those who are interested in the fruits of
>|activities generally expect protection from the demigods,
>|but a devotee of Krsna does not look to any demigod for
>|protection. He is fully convinced that Krsna will protect
>|him from all unfavorable circumstances. Fifth, a devotee is
>|always conscious that his desires are not independent;
>|unless Krsna fulfills them, they cannot be fulfilled.
>|Lastly, one should always think of himself as the most
>|fallen among souls so that Krsna will take care of him.
2496|Such a surrendered soul should take shelter of a holy place
>|like Vrndavana, Mathura, Dvaraka, Mayapur, etc., and should
>|surrender himself unto the Lord, saying, "My Lord, from
>|today I am Yours. You can protect me or kill me as You like.
>|" A pure devotee takes shelter of Krsna in such a way, and
>|Krsna is so grateful that He accepts him and gives him all
>|kinds of protection. This is confirmed in Srimad-Bhagavatam
>|(11.29.34) where it is said that if a person who is about
>|to die takes full shelter of the Supreme Lord and places
>|himself fully under His care, he actually attains
>|immortality and becomes eligible to associate with the
>|Supreme Lord and enjoy transcendental bliss.
2497|The Lord then explained to Sanatana Gosvami the various
>|types and symptoms of practical devotional service. When
>|devotional service is performed with our present senses, it
>|is called practical devotional service. Actually devotional
>|service is the eternal life of the living entity and is
>|lying dormant in everyone's heart. The practice which
>|invokes that dormant devotional service is called practical
>|devotional service. The purport is that the living entity
>|is constitutionally part and parcel of the Supreme Lord;
>|the Lord can be compared to the sun, and the living
>|entities can be compared to molecules of sunshine. Under
>|the spell of illusory energy, the spiritual spark is almost
>|extinguished, but by practical devotional service one can
>|revive his natural constitutional position. When one
>|practices devotional service, it should be understood that
>|he is returning to his original and normal liberated
>|position. Devotional service can be practiced with one's
>|senses under the direction of a bona fide spiritual master.
2498|One begins spiritual activities for advancement in Krsna
>|consciousness by hearing. Hearing is the most important
>|method for advancement, and one should be very eager to
>|hear favorably about Krsna. Giving up all speculation and
>|fruitive activity, one should simply worship and desire to
>|attain to love of God. That love of God is eternally
>|existing within everyone; it simply has to be evoked by the
>|process of hearing. Hearing and chanting are the principal
>|methods of devotional service.
2499|Devotional service may be regulative or affectionate. One
>|who has not developed transcendental affection for Krsna
>|should conduct his life according to the directions and
>|regulations of the scriptures and the spiritual master. In
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam (2.1.5) Sukadeva Gosvami advises Maharaja
>|Pariksit:
2500|tasmad bharata sarvatma
2501|bhagavan isvaro harih
2502|srotavyah kirtitavyas ca
2503|smartavyas cecchatabhayam
2504|"O best of the Bharatas, it is the prime duty of persons
>|who want to become fearless to hear about the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead, Hari, and to chant about Him and
>|always remember Him. Lord Visnu is always to be remembered;
>|indeed, He is not to be forgotten for even a moment. He is
>|the sum and substance of all regulative principles." The
>|conclusion is that when all the rules, regulations,
>|recommended and prohibited activities revealed in
>|scriptures are taken together, the remembrance of the
>|Supreme Lord is invariably the essence of everything.
>|Remembrance of the Supreme Personality of Godhead within
>|one's heart is the goal of devotional service. When
>|devotional service is performed purely and affectionately,
>|there is no question of regulative principles. There are no
>|do's and don't's.
2505|However, one should generally accept the following
>|principles to properly execute devotional service: (1) take
>|shelter of a bona fide spiritual master, (2) receive
>|initiation from the spiritual master, (3) serve the
>|spiritual master, (4) inquire and learn love from the
>|spiritual master, (5) follow in the footsteps of holy
>|persons devoted to the transcendental loving service of the
>|Lord, (6) prepare to give up all kinds of enjoyment and
>|miseries for the satisfaction of Krsna, (7) live in a place
>|where Krsna had His pastimes, (8) be satisfied by whatever
>|is sent by Krsna for the maintenance of the body and hanker
>|for no more, (9) observe fasting on Ekadasi day (this
>|occurs on the eleventh day after the full moon and the
>|eleventh day after the new moon. On such days no grains,
>|cereals or beans are eaten; simply vegetables and milk are
>|moderately taken, and chanting Hare Krsna and reading
>|scriptures are increased.), (10) show respect to devotees,
>|cows and sacred trees like the banyan tree.
2506|It is essential for a neophyte devotee who is beginning to
>|follow the path of devotional service to observe these ten
>|principles. One should also try to avoid offenses in
>|serving the Lord and in chanting His holy names. There are
>|ten kinds of offenses which one can commit while chanting
>|the holy name, and they should be avoided. These offenses
>|are: (1) blaspheming a devotee of the Lord, (2) considering
>|the Lord and the demigods on the same level or thinking
>|that there are many gods, (3) neglecting the orders of the
>|spiritual master, (4) minimizing the authority of the
>|scriptures (the Vedas), (5) interpreting the holy names of
>|God, (6) committing sins on the strength of chanting, (7)
>|instructing the glories of the Lord's names to the
>|unfaithful, (8) comparing the holy name with material piety,
>| (9) being inattentive while chanting the holy name, (10)
>|remaining attached to material things in spite of chanting
>|the holy names. Ten additional regulations are as follows: (
>|1) one should try to avoid offenses in the service of the
>|Lord and in chanting the holy names of the Lord; (2) one
>|should avoid the association of unholy nondevotees; (3) one
>|should not attempt to have many disciples; (4) one should
>|not take the trouble to understand many books or to
>|understand partially any particular book, and one should
>|avoid discussing different doctrines; (5) one should be
>|composed both in gain and in loss; (6) one should not be
>|subject to any kind of lamentation; (7) one should not
>|disrespect the demigods or other scriptures; (8) one should
>|not tolerate blasphemy against the Supreme Lord and His
>|devotees; (9) one should avoid ordinary topics of novels
>|and fiction, but there is no injunction that one should
>|avoid hearing ordinary news; (10) one should not give any
>|trouble to any living creature, including a small bug.
2507|In Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu compiled by Sri Rupa Gosvami it
>|is said that one should be very liberal in behavior and
>|should avoid any undesirable activities. The most important
>|affirmative points are that one should accept the shelter
>|of a bona fide spiritual master, be initiated by him and
>|serve him.
2508|In addition to these, there are thirty-five items of
>|devotional service, and they can be analyzed as follows: (1)
>| hearing, (2) chanting, (3) remembering, (4) worshiping, (5)
>| praying, (6) serving, (7) engaging as a servitor, (8)
>|being friendly, (9) offering everything, (10) dancing
>|before the Deity, (11) singing, (12) informing, (13)
>|offering obeisances, (14) standing up to show respect to
>|the devotees, (15) following a devotee when he gets up to
>|go to the door, (16) entering the temple of the Lord, (17)
>|circumambulating the temple of the Lord, (18) reading
>|prayers, (19) vibrating hymns, (20) performing sankirtana,
>|or congregational chanting, (21) smelling the incense and
>|flowers offered to the Deity, (22) accepting prasada (food
>|offered to Krsna), (23) attending the aratrika ceremony, (
>|24) seeing the Deity, (25) offering palatable foodstuffs to
>|the Lord, (26) meditating, (27) offering water to the
>|tulasi tree, (28) offering respect to the Vaisnavas or
>|advanced devotees, (29) living in Mathura or Vrndavana, (30)
>| understanding Srimad-Bhagavatam, (31) trying one's utmost
>|to attain Krsna, (32) expecting the mercy of Krsna, (33)
>|performing ceremonial functions with the devotees of Krsna,
>|(34) surrendering in all respects, (35) observing different
>|ceremonial functions. To these thirty-five items, another
>|four can be added: (1) marking one's body with sandalwood
>|pulp to show that one is a Vaisnava, (2) painting one's
>|body with the holy names of the Lord, (3) covering one's
>|body with the remnants of the Deity covers, (4) accepting
>|caranamrta, the water which washes the Deity. These four
>|additional items make thirty-nine items for devotional
>|service in all, and out of all of these the following five
>|are most important: (1) to associate with devotees, (2) to
>|chant the holy name of the Lord, (3) to hear Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam, (4) to live in a holy place such as Mathura or
>|Vrndavana, (5) to serve the Deity with great devotion.
>|These items are especially mentioned by Rupa Gosvami in his
>|book Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu. The thirty-nine items above,
>|plus these five items, total forty-four items. Add to these
>|the twenty preliminary occupations and there are a total of
>|sixty-four different items for conducting devotional
>|service. One can adopt the sixty-four items with his body,
>|mind and senses and thus gradually purify his devotional
>|service. Some of the items are completely different, some
>|are identical, and others appear to be mixed.
2509|Srila Rupa Gosvami has recommended that one live in the
>|association of those who are of the same mentality;
>|therefore it is necessary to form some association for
>|Krsna consciousness and live together for the cultivation
>|of knowledge of Krsna and devotional service. The most
>|important item for living in that association is the mutual
>|understanding of Bhagavad-gita and Srimad-Bhagavatam. When
>|faith and devotion are developed, they become transformed
>|into the worship of the Deity, chanting of the holy name
>|and living in a holy place like Mathura and Vrndavana.
2510|The last five items-mentioned after the first thirty-nine-
>|are very important and essential. If one can simply
>|discharge these five items, he can be elevated to the
>|highest perfectional stage, even if he does not execute
>|them perfectly. One may be able to perform one item or many
>|items, according to one's capacity, but it is the principal
>|factor of complete attachment to devotional service that
>|makes one advance on the path. There are many devotees in
>|history who have attained perfection in devotional service
>|simply by discharging the duties of one item, and there are
>|many other devotees, like Maharaja Ambarisa, who executed
>|all the items. Some individual devotees who attained
>|perfection in devotional service by executing only one item
>|are: Maharaja Pariksit, who was liberated and fully
>|perfected simply by hearing; Sukadeva Gosvami, who became
>|liberated and attained perfection in devotional service
>|simply by chanting; Prahlada Maharaja, who attained
>|perfection by remembering; Laksmi, who attained perfection
>|by serving the lotus feet of the Lord; King Prthu, who
>|attained perfection simply by worshiping; Akrura, who
>|attained perfection simply by praying; Hanuman, who
>|attained perfection simply by becoming the servant of Lord
>|Rama; Arjuna, who attained perfection simply by being a
>|friend of Krsna's; and Bali Maharaja who attained
>|perfection simply by offering whatever he had in his
>|possession. As far as Maharaja Ambarisa is concerned, he
>|actually performed all the items of devotional service. He
>|first of all engaged his mind upon the lotus feet of Krsna.
>|He engaged his words, his power of speaking, in describing
>|the transcendental qualities of the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead. He engaged his hands in washing the temple of the
>|Deity, his ears in hearing the words of Krsna and his eyes
>|in beholding the Deity. He engaged his sense of touch by
>|rendering service to the devotees, and he engaged his sense
>|of smell by relishing the fragrance of the flowers offered
>|to Krsna. He engaged his tongue in tasting the tulasi
>|leaves offered to the lotus feet of Krsna, his legs in
>|going to the temple of Krsna, and his head in offering
>|obeisances to the Deity of Krsna. Because all his desires
>|and ambitions were thus engaged in the devotional service
>|of the Lord, Maharaja Ambarisa is considered the leader in
>|discharging devotional service in all kinds of ways.
2511|Whoever engages in the devotional service of the Lord in
>|full Krsna consciousness becomes freed of all debts to the
>|sages, demigods and forefathers, to whom everyone is
>|generally indebted. This is confirmed in Srimad-Bhagavatam (
>|11.5.41):
2512|devarsi-bhutapta-nrnam pitrnam
2513|na kinkaro nayam rni ca rajan
2514|sarvatmana yah saranam saranyam
2515|gato mukundam parihrtya kartam
2516|"Whoever fully engages himself in the service of the Lord,
>|O King, is no longer indebted to the demigods, the sages,
>|other living entities, his relatives, the forefathers or to
>|any man." Every man, just after his birth, immediately
>|becomes indebted to so many people, and one is expected to
>|discharge many kinds of ritualistic functions because of
>|this indebtedness. However, if one is fully surrendered
>|unto Krsna, there is no obligation. One becomes free from
>|all debts.
2517|It should be carefully noted, however, that when a person
>|gives up all other duties and simply takes to the
>|transcendental service of Krsna, he has no desire and is
>|not subjected to or likely to perform sinful activities. If,
>| however, he performs sinful activities (not willfully but
>|by chance), Krsna gives him all protection. It is not
>|necessary for him to purify himself by any other method,
>|and this is confirmed in Srimad-Bhagavatam (11.5.42): "A
>|devotee who is fully engaged in the transcendental loving
>|service of the Lord is protected by the Supreme Person, but
>|in case he unintentionally commits some sinful activity or
>|is obliged to act sinfully under certain circumstances, God,
>| situated within his heart, gives him all protection."
2518|The processes of speculative knowledge and renunciation are
>|not actually the chief items for elevation in devotional
>|service. One does not have to take to the principles of
>|nonviolence and sense control, although there are rules and
>|regulations for acquiring these qualities in the other
>|processes. Without even practicing these processes a
>|devotee develops all good qualities simply by discharging
>|devotional service to the Lord. In the Eleventh Canto of
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam (11.20.31), the Lord Himself says that
>|there is no necessity to cultivate speculative knowledge
>|and renunciation if one is actually engaged in the
>|devotional service of the Lord.
2519|TLC 13: Devotional Service in Attachment
2520|Chapter Thirteen:
2521|Devotional Service in Attachment
2522|Out of sheer misunderstanding, some transcendentalists
>|think that knowledge and renunciation are necessary for
>|rising to the platform of devotional service. This is not
>|so. The cultivation of knowledge and the renunciation of
>|fruitive activities may be necessary to understand one's
>|spiritual existence in relation to the material conception
>|of life, but they are not part and parcel of devotional
>|service. The results of knowledge and fruitive activities
>|are liberation and material sense gratification
>|respectively. Consequently, they cannot be part and parcel
>|of devotional service; rather, they have no intrinsic value
>|in the discharge of devotional service. When one is freed
>|from bondage to the results of knowledge and fruitive
>|activities, he can attain to devotional service. Since a
>|devotee of Lord Krsna is by nature nonviolent, and since
>|his mind and senses are controlled, he does not have to
>|make a special effort to acquire the good qualities which
>|result from cultivating knowledge and performing fruitive
>|activities.
2523|When Uddhava was asking Krsna about rules and regulations
>|according to Vedic injunctions, he asked, "Why is it that
>|the Vedic hymns encourage one in material enjoyment, while
>|at the same time the Vedic instructions also free one from
>|all illusion and encourage one toward liberation?" The
>|Vedic rules are supposed to be ordained by the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead, but apparently there are
>|contradictions, and Uddhava was anxious to know how one
>|could be freed from these contradictions. In reply, Lord
>|Krsna informed him of the superexcellence of devotional
>|service.
2524|"It is neither practical nor necessary for one who is
>|already engaged in devotional service to Me and whose mind
>|is fixed on Me to endeavor for the cultivation of knowledge
>|and renunciation." Thus the Lord's conclusion is that
>|devotional service is independent of any other process. The
>|cultivation of knowledge, renunciation or meditation may be
>|a little helpful in the beginning, but they cannot be
>|considered necessary for the discharge of devotional
>|service. In other words, devotional service can be
>|discharged independently of the cultivation of knowledge
>|and renunciation. In this regard, there is also a verse
>|from Skanda Purana in which Parvata Muni told a hunter
>|tribesman: "O hunter, the qualifications which you have
>|just now acquired-such as nonviolence and others-are not
>|astonishing, because one who is engaged in devotional
>|service to the Supreme Lord cannot be a source of trouble
>|for anyone under any circumstance."
2525|After discussing these points, Lord Caitanya told Sanatana
>|Gosvami, "Thus far I have explained devotional service
>|according to the regulative principles. Now I shall explain
>|devotional service to you in terms of transcendental
>|attachment."
2526|The inhabitants of Vrndavana, Vrajavasis, are living
>|examples of devotional service. Theirs is ideal devotional
>|service with attachment, and such devotion can be found
>|only in Vrajabhumi, Vrndavana. If one develops devotional
>|service and attachment by following in the footsteps of the
>|Vrajavasis, he attains raga-marga-bhakti, or devotional
>|service in attachment to the Lord. According to Bhakti-
>|rasamrta-sindhu (1.2.270), "Devotional service with
>|ecstatic attachment for that service, which becomes natural
>|for the devotee, is called raga, or transcendental
>|attachment." Devotional service discharged with such
>|attachment is called ragatmika, and deep attachment with
>|deep absorption in the object of love is called ragatmika.
>|Examples of these can be seen in the activities of the
>|residents of Vrajabhumi. One who becomes attracted to Krsna
>|by hearing of such attachment is certainly very fortunate.
>|When one becomes deeply affected by the devotion of the
>|residents of Vrajabhumi and tries to follow in their
>|footsteps, he does not care for the restrictions or
>|regulations of the revealed scriptures. This is the
>|characteristic of one discharging raga-bhakti.
2527|Devotional service with attachment is natural, and one who
>|has been attracted by it does not argue with those who
>|oppose him, even though others may argue by presenting
>|scriptural injunctions. The natural inclination to
>|devotional service is also based on scriptural injunction,
>|and one who has attachment for such devotional service is
>|not required to give it up simply on the strength of
>|scriptural argument. In this connection it should be noted
>|that a class of so-called devotees (known as prakrta-
>|sahajiya) follow their own concocted ideas and,
>|representing themselves as Krsna and Radha, indulge in
>|debauchery. Such devotional service and attachment are
>|false, and those so engaged are actually gliding down a
>|hellish path. This is not the standard of ragatmika, or
>|devotion. The prakrta-sahajiya community is actually
>|cheated and very unfortunate.
2528|Devotional service with attachment can be executed in two
>|ways-externally and internally. Externally the devotee
>|strictly follows the regulative principles beginning with
>|chanting and hearing, while internally he thinks of the
>|attachment which attracts him to serve the Supreme Lord.
>|Indeed, he always thinks of his special devotional service
>|and attachment. Such attachment does not violate the
>|regulative principles of devotional service, and a real
>|devotee adheres to these principles strictly; yet he always
>|thinks of his particular attachment.
2529|Since all the inhabitants of Vrajabhumi, Vrndavana, are
>|very dear to Krsna, a devotee selects one of the
>|inhabitants and follows in his footsteps in order to be
>|successful in his own devotional service. A pure devotee
>|who is attached to the Lord always follows in the footsteps
>|of a personality of Vrajabhumi. It is advised in Bhakti-
>|rasamrta-sindhu (1.2.294) that a pure devotee attached to
>|devotional service should always remember the activities of
>|a particular inhabitant of Vraja, even though he is not
>|able to live in Vrajabhumi or Vrndavana. In this way he can
>|always think of Vrajabhumi and Vrndavana.
2530|The confidential devotees attached to the service of the
>|Lord are divided into several categories: some of them are
>|servants, some are friends, some are parents, and some are
>|conjugal lovers. In devotional service with attachment, one
>|has to follow a particular type of devotee of Vrajabhumi.
>|In Srimad-Bhagavatam (3.25.38) the Lord says:
2531|na karhicin mat-parah santa-rupe
2532|nanksyanti no me 'nimiso ledhi hetih
2533|yesam aham priya atma sutas ca
2534|sakha guruh suhrdo daivam istam
2535|"The word mat-para is only used to refer to persons who are
>|satisfied with the idea of becoming My adherents alone.
>|They consider that I am their soul, I am their friend, I am
>|their son, I am their master, I am their well-wisher, I am
>|their God, and I am their supreme goal. My dear mother,
>|time does not act on such devotees." In Bhakti-rasamrta-
>|sindhu (1.2.308), Rupa Gosvami offers his respectful
>|obeisances to those who always think of Krsna as He is, and
>|His relation as son, well-wisher, brother, father, friend,
>|etc. Whoever follows the principles of devotional service
>|with attachment and follows a particular devotee of
>|Vrajabhumi certainly attains the highest perfection of love
>|of Godhead in that spirit.
2536|There are two characteristics by which the seeds of love of
>|Godhead can develop, and these are known as rati, or
>|attachment, and bhava, the condition immediately preceding
>|love of Godhead. It is by such attachment and bhava that
>|the Supreme Lord Sri Krsna is conquered by His devotees.
>|These two characteristics are present before any symptoms
>|of love of Godhead are manifest. This was all explained to
>|Sanatana Gosvami by Lord Caitanya. Lord Caitanya told him
>|that since there is really no end to describing the system
>|of devotional service with attachment, He is simply trying
>|to offer a sampling. Lord Caitanya then described the
>|ultimate goal of devotional service, which is meant for one
>|who wants to attain perfection. When one's attachment to
>|Krsna becomes very deep, one attains the condition called
>|love of Godhead. Such a state of existence is considered a
>|permanent situation for a devotee. In this regard, Kaviraja
>|Gosvami offered his respectful obeisances to Lord Caitanya
>|for His sublime teachings of love of Godhead. As stated in
>|Caitanya-caritamrta, (Madhya 23.1): "O Supreme Personality
>|of Godhead, who but You has ever awarded such pure
>|devotional service? O most magnanimous incarnation of the
>|Personality of Godhead, for my part I offer my respectful
>|obeisances to this incarnation known as Gaurakrsna."
2537|In Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (1.3.1) the state of being in
>|love with the Godhead is compared to the sunshine emanating
>|from the sun; this shining makes the devotee's heart more
>|and more lovely. The heart of such a devotee is situated in
>|a transcendental position beyond even the mode of goodness.
>|The process for making the heart even more sterilized by
>|the sunshine of love is called bhava. A description of
>|bhava is given by Rupa Gosvami. Bhava is called the
>|permanent characteristic of the living entity, and the
>|crucial point of progress for bhava is called the marginal
>|state of love of Godhead. When the bhava state becomes
>|deeper and deeper, learned devotees call it love of Godhead.
>| As stated in the Narada-pancaratra:
2538|ananya-mamata visnau
2539|mamata prema-sangata
2540|bhaktir ity ucyate bhisma-
2541|prahladoddhava-naradaih
2542|"When one is firmly convinced that Visnu is the only object
>|of love and worship and that there is no one else-not even
>|a demigod-worthy of receiving devotional service, one feels
>|intimacy in his love relationship with God, and this is
>|approved by such personalities as Bhisma, Prahlada, Uddhava
>|and Narada."
2543|If, due to some righteous activities which provoke
>|devotional service, one is influenced by the service
>|attitude and takes shelter of the good association of pure
>|devotees, he develops attachment for hearing and chanting.
>|By developing chanting and hearing, one can advance further
>|and further in regulative devotional service to the Supreme
>|Lord. As one so advances, his misgivings about devotional
>|service and his attraction for the material world
>|proportionately diminish. By advancing in hearing and
>|chanting, a devotee becomes more firmly fixed in his faith,
>|and gradually his initial faith develops into a taste for
>|devotional service, and that taste gradually develops into
>|attachment. When attachment becomes pure, it exhibits the
>|two characteristics of bhava and rati. When rati increases,
>|it is called love of Godhead, and love of Godhead is the
>|ultimate goal of human life.
2544|This process is summarized by Rupa Gosvami in Bhakti-
>|rasamrta-sindhu (1.4.15-16): The first requirement is faith;
>| it is due to faith that one associates with pure devotees,
>|and, by such association, develops devotional service. As
>|devotional service develops, one's misgivings diminish.
>|Then one is situated in firm conviction, and from that
>|conviction he develops a taste for devotional service and
>|advances to the stage of attachment, whereby he follows the
>|regulative principles of devotional service. After that
>|point, after one makes further progress, he attains the
>|state called bhava, which is permanent. When such love of
>|God increases, it reaches the highest stage of love of
>|Godhead."
2545|In Sanskrit this highest stage is called prema, prema can
>|be defined as love of God without any expectation of
>|exchange or return. Actually the words prema and love are
>|not synonymous, yet one can say that prema is the highest
>|stage of love. One who has attained prema is the most
>|perfect human being. Srimad-Bhagavatam also confirms this
>|statement (SB 3.25.25): Only by the association of pure
>|devotees can one develop a taste for Krsna consciousness,
>|and when he tries to apply Krsna consciousness in his life,
>|he can achieve everything up to the stage of bhava and
>|prema.
2546|Lord Caitanya, describing the symptoms of a person who has
>|developed from faith to the stage of bhava, states that
>|such a person is never agitated even if there are causes
>|for agitation. Nor does such a person waste his time even
>|for a moment; he is always anxious to do something for
>|Krsna. Even if he has no engagement, he will find some work
>|to do for Krsna's satisfaction. Nor does such a person like
>|anything which is not connected with Krsna. Although he is
>|situated in the best position, he does not hanker after
>|honor or personal respect. He is confident in his work, and
>|he is never under the impression that he is not making
>|progress toward the supreme goal of life-going back to
>|Godhead. Since he is fully convinced of his progress, he is
>|always confident and keeps himself busy to achieve the
>|highest goal. He is very much attached to gratifying the
>|Lord and in chanting or hearing about the Lord, and he is
>|always attached to describing the transcendental qualities
>|of the Lord. He also prefers to live in holy places like
>|Mathura, Vrndavana or Dvaraka. Such characteristics are
>|visible in one who has developed to the stage of bhava.
2547|King Pariksit affords a good example of bhava. When sitting
>|on the banks of the Ganges waiting to meet his death, he
>|said: "All the brahmanas present here, as well as Mother
>|Ganges, should know that I am a soul completely surrendered
>|to Krsna. I do not mind if I am immediately bitten by the
>|snake sent by the brahmana boy's curse. Let the snake bite
>|me as it likes. I shall be pleased if all of you present
>|here will go on chanting the message of Krsna." Such a
>|devotee is always anxious to see that his time is not
>|wasted in anything which is not connected with Krsna.
>|Consequently he does not like the benefits derived from
>|fruitive activity, yogic meditation or the cultivation of
>|knowledge. His attachment is to discourses which are
>|favorably related to Krsna. Such pure devotees of the Lord
>|always pray to the Supreme Lord with tears in their eyes;
>|their minds are always engaged in recollecting the
>|activities of the Lord, and their bodies are always engaged
>|in offering obeisances. In this way they are satisfied. Any
>|devotee who is acting in devotional service dedicates his
>|life and body for the purpose of the Lord.
2548|King Bharata-after whom India is called Bharata-varsa-was
>|also a pure devotee, and at an early age he left his
>|household life, his devoted beautiful wife, his son,
>|friends and kingdom just as if they were stool. This is
>|typical of a person who has developed bhava in devotional
>|service. Such a person thinks of himself as the most
>|wretched, and his only satisfaction is in thinking that
>|some day or other Krsna will be kind enough to favor him by
>|engaging him in devotional service. In the Padma Purana
>|another instance of pure devotion is found. There it is
>|recorded that the king, although the most elevated of human
>|beings, was begging from door to door and was even praying
>|to the candalas, the lowest members of human society.
2549|It was Sanatana Gosvami who later composed this verse:
2550|na prema sravanadi-bhaktir api va yogo 'thava vaisnavo
2551|jnanam va subha-karma va kiyad aho saj-jatir apy asti va
2552|hinarthadhika-sadhake tvayi tathapy acchedya-mula sati
2553|he gopijanavallabha vyathayate ha ha madasaiva mam
2554|"I am poor in love of Godhead, and I have no asset for
>|hearing about devotional service. Nor do I have any
>|understanding of the science of devotional service, nor any
>|cultivation of knowledge, nor any righteous activities to
>|my credit. I am not even born in a high family. Nonetheless,
>| O darling of the damsels of Vraja, I still maintain hopes
>|of achieving You, and these hopes are always disturbing me."
>| Such a devotee, being touched deeply by such strong
>|desires, always chants Hare Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna Krsna,
>|Hare Hare/ Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare.
2555|In this regard, the following verse by Bilvamangala appears
>|in the krsna-karnamrta (32):
2556|tvac chaisavam tri-bhuvanadbhutam ity avehi
2557|mac capalam ca tava va mama vadhigamyam
2558|tat kim karomi viralam muralivilasi
2559|mugdhah mukhambujam udiksitum iksanabhyam
2560|"O Krsna, O wonderful flute player, the beauty of Your
>|boyhood activities is very wonderful in this world. You
>|know the agitation of my mind, and I know what You are. No
>|one knows how confidential our relationship is. Although my
>|eyes are anxious to see You and Your face, I cannot see You.
>| Please let me know what I shall do." A similar passage
>|appears in Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (1.3.38) in which Rupa
>|Gosvami states:
2561|rodana-bindu-maranda-syandi-
2562|drgindivaradya govinda
2563|tava madhura-svara-kanthi
2564|gayati namavalim bala
2565|"O Govinda! This young girl with tears in her eyes is
>|crying in a sweet voice, chanting Your glories." Such pure
>|devotees are always anxious to describe the glories of
>|Krsna and to live in a place where He exhibited His
>|pastimes. A similar verse appears again in krsna-karnamrta (
>|92): "The body of Krsna is so nice, and His face is so
>|beautiful. Everything about Him is sweet and fragrant." And
>|in Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (1.2.156): "O lotus-eyed one,
>|when will I be able to always chant Your holy name, and
>|being inspired by that chanting, when will I be able to
>|dance on the banks of the Yamuna?"
2566|All these descriptions of the bhava stage of devotional
>|service were quoted by Lord Caitanya to Sanatana Gosvami.
>|Lord Caitanya next proceeded to describe the symptoms of
>|actual love for Krsna. He informed Sanatana Gosvami that no
>|one can understand the person who has developed love of
>|Krsna. No one can understand his words, his activities or
>|his symptoms. Even if one is very learned, it is very
>|difficult for him to understand a pure devotee who is in
>|love with the Lord. This is also confirmed in Bhakti-
>|rasamrta-sindhu.
2567|A person engaged in devotional service becomes heartsick
>|when singing the glories of the Supreme Lord. Because the
>|Lord is very dear to him, when he glorifies the Lord's name,
>| fame and so on, he becomes almost like an insane man, and
>|in that condition he sometimes laughs, sometimes cries and
>|sometimes dances. He continues in this way without even
>|considering his situation. By gradually developing his love
>|of Godhead, he increases his affection, his emotion and his
>|ecstasy. Such attachment, mahabhava, is the highest stage
>|of devotional love. It may be likened to sugar candy, which
>|is the most powerful form of sugar. Love of Godhead can
>|gradually develop in such a way that transcendental
>|pleasure is increased to the highest stage for the real
>|devotee.
2568|TLC 14: The Ecstasy of the Lord and His Devotees
2569|Chapter Fourteen:
2570|The Ecstasy of the Lord and His Devotees
2571|The symptoms of highly developed devotional service, which
>|are exhibited by the pure devotees, are sometimes imitated
>|by those who are not actually pure devotees. This is
>|described in Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu. Without devotional
>|service to Krsna, one may have some motive in exhibiting
>|such symptoms, but it should be known that the symptoms are
>|not actual. Sometimes those who are not conversant with the
>|science of devotional service are captivated by the
>|exhibition of ecstatic symptoms, but those who are in
>|knowledge of the science of devotional service do not
>|accept such symptoms as the all in all. These symptoms only
>|mark the beginning of devotional service. That is accepted
>|by learned devotees.
2572|According to the various divisions and gradations of
>|devotees, permanent devotional situations can be divided
>|into five categories: (1) peacefulness, (2) service to
>|Krsna, (3) friendship with Krsna, (4) parental affection
>|toward Krsna, and (5) conjugal love for Krsna. Each
>|division has its own different taste and relish, and a
>|devotee situated in a particular division is happy in that
>|position. Characteristic symptoms exhibited by a pure
>|devotee are generally laughing and crying; when emotions
>|are favorable, a pure devotee laughs, and when emotions are
>|not favorable, he cries.
2573|Situated above these two emotions is permanent love, which
>|is called sthayibhava. In other words, attachment to Krsna
>|is permanent. That permanent loving attitude is sometimes
>|mixed with different kinds of taste, called vibhava,
>|anubhava and vyabhicari. Vibhava is a particular taste for
>|attachment to Krsna, and it can be divided into two further
>|categories-alambana and uddipana. In the Agni Purana and
>|other authoritative scriptures, that which increases one's
>|love of Krsna is said to be vibhava, and when Krsna is the
>|objective, vibhava is increased as alambana. Uddipana is
>|induced by Krsna's transcendental qualities, His activities,
>| His beautiful smiling face and the aroma of His body, the
>|sound of His flute, the sound of His conchshell, the marks
>|on the bottoms of His feet, His dwelling place and His
>|paraphernalia of devotional service (such as tulasi leaves,
>|devotees, ceremonial performances and Ekadasi). Anubhava
>|occurs when feelings and emotions within oneself are
>|exhibited. In the attitude of anubhava, one dances and
>|sometimes falls down, sometimes sings loudly, shows
>|convulsions, yawns, and sometimes breathes very heavily-all
>|without concern for circumstances.
2574|The external features exhibited on the bodies of devotees
>|are called udbhasvara. The vyabhicari symptoms are thirty-
>|three in number, and they primarily involve words uttered
>|by the devotee and different bodily features. These
>|different bodily features-such as dancing trembling and
>|laughing-when mixed with the vyabhicari symptoms are called
>|sancari. When bhava, anubhava and vyabhicari symptoms are
>|combined, they make the devotee dive into the ocean of
>|immortality. That ocean is called the Bhakti-rasamrta-
>|sindhu, the ocean of the pure nectar of devotional service,
>|and one who is merged in that ocean is always rapt in
>|transcendental pleasure on the waves and sounds of that
>|ocean. The particular rasas (flavors or tastes) of the
>|devotees who merge into that ocean of bhakti-rasamrta are
>|known as neutrality, servitorship, friendship, parenthood
>|and conjugal love. Conjugal love is very prominent, and it
>|is symptomized by the devotee's decorating his body to
>|attract Krsna. The flavor of servitorship increases to
>|include affection, anger, fraternity and attachment. The
>|flavor of friendship increases to include affection, anger,
>|fraternity, attachment and devotion, and in parenthood the
>|attachment increases to include affection, anger,
>|fraternity, attachment, and devotion. There are also
>|special flavors experienced in friendship with the Supreme
>|Lord, and these are manifested by friends such as Subala,
>|whose devotion increases up to the point of bhava. The
>|different rasas are also divided into two kinds of ecstasy,
>|called yoga and viyoga, or meeting and separation. In
>|friendship and parenthood, the feelings of meeting and
>|separation are various.
2575|The situations known as rudha and adhirudha are possible in
>|the conjugal love relationship. Conjugal love exhibited by
>|the queens at Dvaraka is called rudha, and conjugal love
>|exhibited at Vrndavana by the damsels of Vraja is called
>|adhirudha. The highest perfection of adhirudha affection in
>|conjugal love involve meeting (madana) and separation (
>|mohana). In the ecstasy of madana, meeting, there is
>|kissing, and in the ecstasy of mohana, separation, there is
>|udghurna and citrajalpa. As far as citrajalpa is concerned,
>|in Srimad-Bhagavatam, there is a portion known as Bhramara-
>|gita in which various kinds of citra jalpa are mentioned.
>|Udghurna is a symptom of separation, and there is also a
>|symptom called transcendental insanity. In that
>|transcendental insanity one thinks that he himself has
>|become the Supreme Personality of Godhead. In such an
>|ecstasy, he imitates the symptoms of Krsna in different
>|ways.
2576|There are two kinds of dresses worn in that relationship of
>|conjugal love, and they are called sambhoga and vipralambha.
>| On the sambhoga platform, the dresses are unlimited, and
>|on the vipralambha they are four in number. The ecstasy
>|exhibited before the lover and beloved meet, the ecstasy
>|experienced between them after meeting, the state of mind
>|experienced by not meeting, and the state of mind
>|experienced after meeting fearing separation are called
>|vipralambha. That vipralambha serves as a nourishing
>|element for future meetings. When the lover and beloved
>|meet all of a sudden and embrace one another, they feel an
>|ecstasy of happiness, and the state of mind they experience
>|in that ecstasy is called sambhoga. According to the
>|situation, sambhoga ecstasy is also known by four names: (1)
>| sanksipta, (2) sankirna, (3) sampanna, (4) samrddhiman.
>|Such symptoms are also visible during dreams.
2577|The mental state experienced before meeting is called
>|purvaraga. The obstacles which sometimes impede the meeting
>|between lover and beloved are called mana, or anger. When
>|the lover and beloved are separated, the mental state
>|experienced is called pravasa. Feelings of separation which
>|are present under certain conditions even when the lovers
>|meet are called love anxieties (prema-vaicittya). Such love
>|anxieties are exhibited in Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.90.15) by
>|the princesses who kept awake nights and watched Krsna
>|sleep. They were afraid of being separated from Krsna, and
>|they always talked amongst themselves about how they had
>|been affected by Krsna's beautiful eyes and His smile.
2578|The supreme lover is Krsna, and He is situated in Vrndavana,
>| and the supreme beloved is Radharani. Krsna has sixty-four
>|important qualifications, and His devotee takes
>|transcendental pleasure in hearing of them. As explained in
>|Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu, the characteristics are as follows:
>|(1) His body is well constructed; (2) His body has all
>|auspicious symptoms; (3) His body is beautiful; (4) His
>|body is very glorious; (5) His body is very strong; (6) He
>|always looks like a boy of sixteen; (7) He is well versed
>|in various languages; (8) He is truthful; (9) He is
>|decorated with pleasing words; (10) He is expert in
>|speaking; (11) He is very learned; (12) He is very
>|intelligent; (13) He is influential; (14) He is joyful; (15)
>| He is cunning; (16) He is expert; (17) He is grateful; (18)
>| He is firmly convinced; (19) He knows how to deal with
>|different circumstances; (20) He is always conversant with
>|scriptural injunctions; (21) He is clean; (22) He is
>|controlled by His devotees; (23) He is steady; (24) He is
>|self-controlled; (25) He is forgiving; (26) He is grave; (
>|27) He is speculative; (28) He is fair in His dealings; (29)
>| He is magnanimous; (30) He is religious; (31) He is a
>|great hero; (32) He is merciful; (33) He is respectful; (34)
>| He is competent; (35) He is gentle; (36) He is modest; (37)
>| He is the protector of the souls surrendered unto Him; (38)
>| He is the deliverer; (39) He is the friend of the devotees;
>| (40) He is submissive to love; (41) He is all-auspicious; (
>|42) He is most powerful; (43) He is famous; (44) He is
>|devoted to all living entities; (45) He is worshipable by
>|everyone; (46) He is very attractive to all women; (47) He
>|is partial to His devotees; (48) He is full of all opulence;
>| (49) He is the supreme controller; (50) He possesses all
>|honor.
2579|These fifty qualities or characteristics are fragmentally
>|present in every living entity. When they are completely
>|spiritually free and situated in their original condition,
>|all these qualities can be perceived in human life in
>|minute quantity. In Krsna, however, they exist in totality.
>|There are five other transcendental qualities (mentioned
>|below) which can be seen in Visnu, the Supreme Lord, and
>|partially in Lord Siva also, but they are not visible in
>|ordinary living entities. These characteristics are as
>|follows: (1) He is always situated in His original
>|condition; (2) He is omniscient; (3) He is evergreen or
>|always fresh; (4) He is eternally blissful; (5) He is
>|conversant and is the master of all perfection. Besides
>|these five transcendental characteristics, there are five
>|others which can be seen in the spiritual sky, especially
>|in the Vaikuntha planets where Narayana is the
>|predominating Deity. These are: (1) He has inconceivable
>|qualities; (2) He is able to sustain innumerable universes;
>|(3) He is the seed of all incarnations; (4) He grants the
>|highest perfection to those enemies whom He kills; (5) He
>|is the most attractive of self-realized persons.
2580|The above-mentioned qualities and characteristics, which
>|total sixty in number, are visible up to the platform of
>|Narayana. However, Krsna has four special qualities, which
>|are: (1) He is able to manifest wonderful pastimes; (2) He
>|is expert at transcendental flute playing; (3) He is
>|surrounded by loving devotees; (4) He possesses
>|unparalleled personal beauty.
2581|Thus Krsna has sixty-four transcendental qualities. Srimati
>|Radharani has twenty-five transcendental qualities, but She
>|can control even Krsna by them. Her transcendental
>|qualities are as follows: (1) She is sweetness personified;
>|(2) She is a fresh young girl; (3) Her eyes are always
>|moving; (4) She is always brightly smiling; (5) She
>|possesses all auspicious marks on Her body; (6) She can
>|agitate Krsna by the flavor of Her person; (7) She is
>|expert in the art of singing; (8) She can speak very nicely
>|and sweetly; (9) She is expert in presenting feminine
>|attractions; (10) She is modest and gentle; (11) She is
>|always very merciful; (12) She is transcendentally cunning;
>|(13) She knows how to dress nicely; (14) She is always shy;
>|(15) She is always respectful; (16) She is always patient; (
>|17) She is very grave; (18) She is enjoyed by Krsna; (19)
>|She is always situated on the highest devotional platform; (
>|20) She is the abode of love of the residents of Gokula; (
>|21) She can give shelter to all kinds of devotees; (22) She
>|is always affectionate to superiors and inferiors; (23) She
>|is always obliged by the dealings of Her associates, (24)
>|She is the greatest amongst Krsna's girl friends; (25) She
>|always keeps Krsna under Her control.
2582|Thus Krsna and Radharani are both transcendentally
>|qualified, and both of Them attract one another. Yet in
>|that transcendental attraction, Radharani is greater than
>|Krsna, for the attractiveness of Radharani is the
>|transcendental taste in conjugal love. Similarly, there are
>|transcendental tastes in servitude, friendship and other
>|relationships with Krsna. These can be described with
>|reference to the context of Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu.
2583|Persons who have been thoroughly cleansed by devotional
>|service and are always joyful, being situated in elevated
>|consciousness, who are very much attached to the studies of
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam, who are always cheerful in the
>|association of devotees, who have accepted the lotus feet
>|of Krsna as the ultimate shelter of their lives, and who
>|are pleased to perform all details of devotional service,
>|have in their pure hearts the transcendental ecstasy of
>|attachment. When that ecstatic state of being is enriched
>|with love of Krsna and the transcendental experience, one
>|gradually attains to the mature oneness of spiritual life.
>|Such spiritual life is not possible for those who are not
>|situated in Krsna consciousness and devotional service.
>|This fact is further corroborated in the Bhakti-rasamrta-
>|sindhu wherein it is said: "It is very difficult for the
>|nondevotee to understand the taste of devotional service.
>|Only one who has completely taken shelter of the lotus feet
>|of Krsna and whose life is merged in the ocean of
>|devotional service can understand this transcendental
>|pleasure."
2584|Lord Caitanya thus explained briefly the transcendental
>|situation and spiritual enjoyment of life, and He taught
>|that the first stage of perfection is to become a religious
>|man in the ordinary sense, as known in the material world.
>|The second stage of perfection is to become materially rich.
>| The third stage of material perfection is the attainment
>|of complete sense enjoyment, and in the fourth stage there
>|is knowledge of liberation. Above this platform are those
>|on the fifth stage who are already liberated and who are
>|established in Krsna consciousness or devotional service to
>|the Lord. In the highest perfection of devotional service
>|in Krsna consciousness, one experiences the taste of the
>|ecstasy of spiritual relish.
2585|The Lord then told Sanatana Gosvami that He had previously
>|taught his younger brother, Rupa Gosvami, at Prayaga (
>|Allahabad). The Lord assured Sanatana Gosvami that He had
>|empowered Rupa Gosvami to spread the knowledge He had given
>|him. The Lord then similarly ordered Sanatana Gosvami to
>|write books on the transcendental loving service of the
>|Lord, and He authorized him to excavate the different sites
>|of Krsna's pastimes in the district of Mathura. Sanatana
>|Gosvami was also advised to construct temples in Vrndavana
>|and to write books on the principles of Vaisnavism, as
>|authorized by Lord Caitanya Himself. Sanatana Gosvami
>|executed all these desires of the Lord-he constructed the
>|temple of Madana-mohana at Vrndavana, and he wrote books on
>|the principles of devotional service, such as Hari-bhakti-
>|vilasa. Lord Caitanya further taught Sanatana Gosvami how
>|one can live in the material world while being in a
>|complete relationship with Krsna, and He also taught him
>|that there is no necessity for dry renunciation. The
>|purport of these instructions is that in the present age
>|there are many persons who accept the renounced order of
>|life but who are not spiritually advanced. Lord Caitanya
>|did not approve of one's accepting sannyasa without having
>|perfect knowledge of Krsna consciousness. Actually it is
>|found that there are many so-called sannyasis whose actions
>|are below those of ordinary men but who pass themselves off
>|as being in the renounced order of life. Lord Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu did not accept such hypocrisy. He taught
>|Sanatana Gosvami to write elaborately on the subject of
>|devotional service in his different books.
2586|The perfectional stage of spiritual life which one can
>|experience even while being in the material world is
>|described in the Twelfth Chapter of Bhagavad-gita as
>|follows: "One who is not envious but who is a kind friend
>|to all living entities, who does not think himself a
>|proprietor, who is free from false ego and equal both in
>|happiness and distress, who is always satisfied and engaged
>|in devotional service with determination and whose mind and
>|intelligence are in agreement with Me-he is very dear to Me.
>| He for whom no one is put into difficulty and who is not
>|disturbed by anxiety, who is steady in happiness and
>|distress, is very dear to Me. A devotee who is not
>|dependent on the ordinary course of activities, who is pure,
>| expert, without cares, free from all pains, and who does
>|not strive for some result, is very dear to Me. One who
>|grasps neither pleasure or grief who neither laments nor
>|desires, and who renounces both auspicious and inauspicious
>|things, is very dear to Me. One who is equal to friends and
>|enemies, who is equipoised in honor and dishonor, heat and
>|cold, happiness and distress, fame and infamy, who is
>|always free from contamination, always silent and satisfied
>|with anything, who doesn't care for any residence, who is
>|fixed in knowledge and engaged in devotional service, is
>|very dear to Me. He who follows this imperishable path of
>|devotional service and who completely engages himself with
>|faith, making Me the supreme goal, is very, very dear to Me.
>|" (Bg. 12.13-20)
2587|Even if one is not situated in such a transcendental
>|position, if he simply approves of such a transcendental
>|life, he also becomes very dear to Krsna. In Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam (2.2.5) it is stated that a devotee should
>|always remain dependent on the mercy of the Supreme Lord
>|and that as far as his material necessities are concerned,
>|he should be satisfied with whatever is obtained without
>|endeavor. In this regard, Sukadeva Gosvami advised that a
>|devotee should never approach a materialistic person for
>|any kind of help. As far as one's bodily necessities are
>|concerned, one can pick up torn clothing out of the street,
>|can take fruits offered by trees, can drink water which
>|flows from rivers, and can live in a cave constructed by
>|nature herself. Even if one is unable to do all these
>|things, he should nonetheless completely depend on the
>|Supreme Lord, understanding that the Supreme Lord provides
>|everyone with food and shelter. One should understand that
>|the Lord will never fail to care for His devotees who are
>|fully surrendered unto Him. In any case, the devotee is
>|always protected, and therefore he should not be at all
>|anxious for his maintenance.
2588|Sanatana Gosvami thus inquired into all phases of
>|devotional service, and Lord Caitanya taught him most
>|confidentially from authoritative scriptures like Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam. The Lord referred also to the Vedic literature
>|known as Harivamsa, which gives information about the
>|transcendental abode of Krsna. This information was
>|disclosed by Indra when he offered his prayers after being
>|defeated upon challenging the potency of Krsna. In the
>|Harivamsa it is stated that although birds and airplanes
>|can fly, they cannot reach the higher planetary systems.
>|The higher planetary systems begin with the sun planet,
>|which is situated in the middle of the universe. Beyond the
>|sun there are other planetary systems where persons who are
>|elevated by great austerities and penances are situated.
>|The entire material universe is called Devidhama, and above
>|it there is Sivadhama, where Lord Siva and his wife Parvati
>|eternally reside. Above that planetary system is the
>|spiritual sky where innumerable spiritual planets, known as
>|Vaikunthas, are situated. Above these Vaikuntha planets
>|there is Krsna's planet known as Goloka Vrndavana. The word
>|goloka means "planet of the cows." Because Krsna is very
>|fond of cows, His abode is known as Goloka. Goloka
>|Vrndavana is larger than all the material and spiritual
>|planets put together. In the prayer contained in the
>|Harivamsa, Indra admitted that he could not understand the
>|situation of Goloka even by asking Brahma. Those who are
>|devotees of the Narayana expansion of Krsna attain the
>|Vaikuntha planets, but it is very difficult to reach Goloka
>|Vrndavana. Indeed, that planet can be reached only by
>|persons who are devotees of Lord Caitanya or Lord Sri Krsna.
>| It was Indra who admitted to Lord Krsna: "You have
>|descended from that Goloka planet in the spiritual world,
>|and the disturbance which I have created was all due to my
>|foolishness." Therefore Indra begged Lord Krsna to excuse
>|him.
2589|The last phase of the pastimes of Lord Krsna is described
>|in Srimad-Bhagavatam as mausala-lila. This includes the
>|mystery of Krsna's disappearance from this material world.
>|In that pastime the Lord played the part of being killed by
>|a hunter. There are many improper explanations of the last
>|portion of Lord Krsna's pastimes (such as descriptions of
>|the incarnation of Krsna's hair), but Lord Caitanya
>|properly described these pastimes and gave them the right
>|interpretation. As far as the incarnation of Krsna's hair
>|is concerned, there is mention in the Srimad-Bhagavatam,
>|the Visnu Purana, and the Mahabharata. It is stated there
>|that the Lord snatched a gray hair and a black hair from
>|His head and that these two hairs entered into the wombs of
>|two queens of the Yadu dynasty, namely Rohini and Devaki.
>|It is also stated that Lord Krsna descends to the material
>|world in order to vanquish all the demons, but some say
>|that Krsna is the incarnation of Visnu who lies in the
>|ocean of milk within this universe. Srila Rupa Gosvami in
>|his Laghu-bhagavatamrta and his commentator, Sri Baladeva
>|Vidyabhusana, have discussed these points fully and have
>|established the exact truth. Sri Jiva Gosvami also
>|discussed these points in the Krsna-sandarbha.
2590|When Lord Caitanya finished His instructions to Sri
>|Sanatana Gosvami, Sanatana, being empowered and enlightened,
>| was so transcendentally pleased that he at once fell at
>|the feet of Lord Caitanya and said: "I am born of a very
>|low family, and I have always associated with lowly people;
>|therefore I am the lowest of sinners. Yet You are so kind
>|that You have taught me lessons which are not even
>|understood by Lord Brahma, the greatest being in this
>|universe. By Your grace I have appreciated the conclusions
>|which You have taught me, but I am so low that I cannot
>|even touch a drop of the ocean of Your instructions. Thus
>|if You want me, who am nothing but a lame man, to dance,
>|then please give me Your benediction by placing Your feet
>|on my head."
2591|Thus Sanatana Gosvami prayed for the Lord's confirmation
>|that His teachings would actually evolve in his heart by
>|His grace. Otherwise Sanatana knew that there was no
>|possibility of his being able to describe the Lord's
>|teachings. The purport of this is that the acaryas (
>|spiritual masters) are authorized by higher authorities.
>|Instruction alone cannot make one an expert. Unless one is
>|blessed by the spiritual master, or the acarya, such
>|teachings cannot become fully manifest. Therefore one
>|should seek the mercy of the spiritual master so that the
>|instructions of the spiritual master can develop within
>|oneself. After receiving the prayers of Sanatana Gosvami,
>|Lord Caitanya placed His feet on the head of Sanatana and
>|gave him His benedictions so that all His instructions
>|would develop fully.
2592|Thus the Lord described the ultimate stage of love of
>|Godhead. Lord Caitanya said that such a description cannot
>|be given very elaborately but that He had informed him as
>|far as possible. The conclusion is that anyone who
>|attentively hears these discourses and instructions of Lord
>|Caitanya to Sanatana Gosvami very soon attains to Krsna
>|consciousness and engages in devotional service to the Lord.
2593|TLC 15: Explanation of the Atmarama Verse in Srimad
>|Bhagavatam
2594|Chapter Fifteen:
2595|Explanation of the Atmarama Verse in Srimad Bhagavatam
2596|Lord Caitanya next explained a very famous verse known as
>|the Atmarama verse, which appears in Srimad-Bhagavatam as
>|follows:
2597|atmaramas ca munayo
2598|nirgrantha apy urukrame
2599|kurvanty ahaitukim bhaktim
2600|ittham-bhuta-guno harih
2601|SB 1.7.10
2602|This verse indicates that those who are liberated souls and
>|are fully self-satisfied will eventually become devotees of
>|the Lord. This injunction is especially meant for the
>|impersonalists, for the impersonalists have no information
>|of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. They try to remain
>|satisfied with the impersonal Brahman, but Krsna is so
>|attractive and so strong that He attracts their minds. This
>|is the purport of this verse.
2603|This verse had been previously explained to a great
>|Vedantist known as Sarvabhauma Bhattacarya. After taking
>|lessons from Lord Caitanya, Sanatana Gosvami referred to
>|this incident and prayed to the Lord to again explain the
>|Atmarama verse. Kaviraja Gosvami, the author of Caitanya-
>|caritamrta, appreciating the Lord's explanation of the
>|Atmarama verse, has also glorified Lord Caitanya in his
>|prayers. Falling flat at the feet of Lord Caitanya,
>|Sanatana Gosvami requested Him to explain the verse as He
>|had formerly explained it to Sarvabhauma Bhattacarya.
>|Sanatana explained his eagerness to hear the same
>|explanation in order that he might be enlightened. Being
>|thus requested by Sanatana, the Lord replied: "I do not
>|understand why Sarvabhauma Bhattacarya so much appreciated
>|My explanation. As far as I am concerned, I don't even
>|remember what I said to him. But because you are asking
>|this of Me, I shall, with the help of your association, try
>|to explain whatever I can remember." Thus the speaker and
>|the audience are very intimately connected; the speaker is
>|enlightened by the presence of the audience. The speaker,
>|or master, can speak very nicely on transcendental subject
>|matters before an understanding audience; therefore Lord
>|Caitanya said that He did not know how to explain the
>|Sanskrit verse but that since He was in the association of
>|Sanatana He would try to explain it.
2604|The Lord then went on to point out that there are eleven
>|items in the Atmarama verse: (1) atmaramah, (2) ca, (3)
>|munayah, (4) nirgranthah, (5) api, (6) urukrame, (7)
>|kurvanti, (8) ahaitukim, (9) bhaktim, (10) ittham-bhuta-
>|gunah, (11) harih. The Lord then began to explain each and
>|every one of these items. As far as the word atmarama is
>|concerned, the Lord explained that the word atma is used to
>|indicate: (1) the Supreme Absolute Truth, (2) the body, (3)
>|the mind, (4) endeavor, (5) conviction, (6) intelligence,
>|and (7) nature. The word arama means enjoyer; therefore
>|anyone who takes pleasure in the cultivation of the
>|knowledge of these seven items is known as atmarama. The
>|Lord then explained about the different kinds of atmaramas,
>|or transcendentalists. As for the word munayah, or muni,
>|those who are great thinkers are called munis. Sometimes
>|the word muni is also applied to a person who is very grave.
>| Great sages, great austere persons, great mystics and
>|learned scholars are also called munis.
2605|The next word, nirgrantha, indicates freedom from the
>|bondage of illusion. Nirgrantha also means "One who has no
>|connection with spiritual injunctions." Grantha means
>|revealed scriptures, and nir is an affix which is used to
>|mean "no connection," "constructing," and also "prohibiting.
>|" There are many instructions for spiritual realization,
>|but persons who have no connection with such scriptural
>|injunctions are also known as nirgrantha. There are many
>|people who are foolish, low-born and misbehaved and who
>|have no entrance into the revealed scriptures and
>|injunctions, and therefore they are called nirgrantha.
>|Because grantha is also used for the purpose of collecting
>|riches, the word nirgrantha also indicates a poor man,
>|bereft of all riches, who is attempting to collect riches.
2606|The word urukrama is used to indicate a highly powerful
>|person. The word krama is used to indicate the act of
>|stepping, and the word urukrama indicates one who can step
>|forward very far. The greatest step forward was taken by
>|Lord Vamanadeva, who covered the whole universe in two
>|steps. Thus the word urukrama indicates the Supreme Lord
>|Vamanadeva. This extraordinary feature of Lord Vamanadeva
>|is thus explained in Srimad-Bhagavatam (2.7.40).
2607|visnor nu virya-gananam katamo 'rhatiha
2608|yah parthivany api kavir vimame rajamsi
2609|caskambha yah sva-ramhasaskhalata tri-prstham
2610|yasmat tri-samya-sadanad uru-kampayanam
2611|"No one can estimate the inconceivable potencies of Lord
>|Visnu. Even if one can count the number of atomic
>|combinations in this material world, he still cannot count
>|the different energies of the Supreme Lord. As Vamanadeva,
>|the Lord was so powerful that simply by stepping forward He
>|covered the whole universe from Brahmaloka down to
>|Patalaloka."
2612|The inconceivable energies of the Lord are spread
>|throughout the creation. He is all-pervading, and by His
>|energy He sustains all planetary systems, yet through His
>|pleasure potency He remains situated in His personal abode
>|known as Goloka. By the expansion of His opulence, He is
>|present in all the Vaikuntha planets as Narayana. By
>|expanding His material energy, He creates innumerable
>|universes with innumerable planets within them. Thus no one
>|can estimate the wonderful activities of the Supreme Lord,
>|and therefore the Supreme Lord is known as urukrama, the
>|wonderful actor. In the Visvaprakasa dictionary, the word
>|krama is defined as "an expert display of energies," as
>|well as "stepping forward very quickly."
2613|The word kurvanti is used to mean "working for others."
>|There is another word similar to this which is used when
>|one's activities are done for one's own personal sense
>|gratification, but the word kurvanti is used when
>|activities are performed for the satisfaction of the
>|Supreme. Thus in this verse the word can only indicate the
>|rendering of transcendental service to the Lord.
2614|The word hetu is used to indicate the reason or cause.
>|Generally people are engaged in transcendental activities
>|for three reasons: some want material happiness, some want
>|mystic perfection and some want liberation from material
>|bondage. As far as material enjoyment is concerned, there
>|are so many varieties that no one can enumerate them. As
>|far as perfections in mystic power are concerned, there are
>|eighteen, and as far as types of liberation from material
>|bondage are concerned, there are five. The state of being
>|where all these varieties of enjoyment are conspicuous by
>|their absence is called ahaituki. The ahaituki
>|qualification is especially mentioned because by the
>|ahaituki service of the Lord, one can achieve the favor of
>|the Lord.
2615|The word bhakti can be used in ten different ways. Out of
>|these ten, there is sadhana-bhakti, or occupational
>|devotional service. The other nine are called prema-bhakti,
>|love of Godhead. Those who are situated in the neutral
>|position attain perfection up to love of Godhead. Similarly,
>| those who are situated in the relationship of master and
>|servant attain love of Godhead to the stage of attachment.
>|Those who are related in friendship attain love of God to
>|the point of fraternity. Those who are in love with God as
>|His parents are elevated to the point of transcendental
>|emotion. But only those who are related with the Supreme in
>|conjugal love can experience the highest of ecstasies. Thus
>|there are different meanings for the word bhakti.
2616|The Lord next explained the different meanings of ittham-
>|bhuta-guna. Ittham bhuta indicates fully transcendental
>|pleasure before which the transcendental pleasure known as
>|brahmananda becomes like straw. In the Hari-bhakti-
>|sudhodaya (14.36), a devotee says:
2617|tvat-saksat-karanahlada-
2618|visuddhabdhisthitasya me
2619|sukhani gospadayante
2620|brahmany api jagad guro
2621|"My Lord, O Supreme, simply by understanding You or seeing
>|You, the pleasure which we derive is so great that the
>|pleasure of brahmananda becomes insignificant." In other
>|words, the pleasure derived by understanding Krsna as He is-
>|as the all-attractive reservoir of all pleasures and the
>|reservoir of all pleasure-giving tastes with all
>|transcendental qualifications-attracts one to become His
>|devotee. By virtue of such attraction, one can give up
>|fruitive activities and all endeavors for liberation and
>|can even abandon the intense desire to achieve success in
>|yoga mystic power. The attraction of Krsna is so intense
>|that one can lose respect for all other means of self-
>|realization and simply surrender unto the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead.
2622|The Lord also explained the word guna in all its different
>|meanings. Guna indicates the unlimited transcendental
>|qualities of Krsna, primarily His sac-cid-ananda form. In
>|His transcendental blissful knowledge and eternity, He is
>|fully perfect, and His perfection is increased when He is
>|controlled by the attention of His devotee. God is so kind
>|and merciful that He can give Himself in exchange for the
>|devotional service of the devotee. His transcendental
>|qualities are such that the perfection of His beauty, His
>|perfect reciprocation of love between Himself and His
>|devotees, and the flavor of His transcendental qualities
>|attract different kinds of transcendentalists and liberated
>|souls. For example, He attracted the mind of Sanaka Kumara
>|simply by the aroma emanating from the flowers offered to
>|Him. The mind of Sukadeva Gosvami was attracted by the
>|transcendental pastimes of Lord Krsna, and the minds of the
>|damsels of Vrndavana were attracted by His personal beauty.
>|Rukmini's attention was attracted by His bodily features
>|and transcendental qualities, and the mind of the goddess
>|of fortune was attracted by His flute playing and other
>|transcendental features. Lord Krsna attracts the minds of
>|all young girls and elderly ladies by His childlike
>|activities. He also attracts the minds of His friends by
>|His friendly activities. When He appeared in Vrndavana, He
>|even attracted the birds, beasts, trees and plants. Indeed,
>|everyone became attracted in love and affection for Krsna.
2623|The word hari has different meanings, of which two are
>|foremost. Hari means that He takes away all inauspicious
>|things from the devotee's life and that He attracts the
>|mind of the devotee by awarding him transcendental love of
>|Godhead. Krsna is so attractive that anyone who can
>|remember Him in some way or another becomes freed from the
>|four kinds of material miseries. The Lord gives special
>|attention to His devotee and banishes the devotee's various
>|sinful activities, which are stumbling blocks for the
>|advancement of devotional service. This is called routing
>|the influence of ignorance. Simply by hearing about Him,
>|one develops love for Him. That is the gift of the Lord. On
>|one side He takes away inauspicious things, and on the
>|other side He awards the most auspicious things. That is
>|the meaning of hari. When a person is developed in love of
>|Godhead, his body, mind and everything else are attracted
>|by the transcendental qualities of the Lord. Such is the
>|power of Krsna's merciful activities and transcendental
>|qualities. He is so attractive that out of transcendental
>|attachment, a devotee will abandon all four principles of
>|spiritual life-religiosity, economic development,
>|regulation of sense gratification and salvation.
2624|The words api and ca are adverbs and can be used for
>|virtually any purpose. The word ca, or "and," can render
>|seven different readings to the whole construction.
2625|The Lord thus established the import of the eleven words in
>|the Atmarama verse, and then He began to explain the import
>|of each item as follows. The word brahman indicates the
>|greatest in all respects. The Lord is the greatest in all
>|opulences. No one can excel Him in wealth, strength, fame,
>|beauty, knowledge and renunciation. Thus the word brahman
>|indicates the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Krsna. In the
>|Visnu Purana (1.12.57) the word brahman is given to
>|indicate the greatest of all; the Supreme Lord is the
>|greatest, and there is no limit to His expanding as the
>|greatest. One may conceive of Brahman's greatness, yet this
>|greatness grows in such a way that no one can estimate how
>|great He actually is.
2626|The Supreme Personality of Godhead is realized in three
>|aspects, but they are all one and the same. The Absolute
>|Truth, the Supreme Personality, Krsna, is everlasting. In
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam (2.9.33) it is said that He exists before
>|the manifestation of this cosmic world, that He exists
>|during its continuance, and that He continues to exist
>|after its annihilation. Therefore He is the soul of
>|everything great. He is all-pervading and all-witnessing,
>|and He is the supreme form of everything.
2627|There are three different kinds of transcendental processes
>|mentioned in Vedic literature by which one can understand
>|and achieve that supreme perfection of the Absolute Truth.
>|They are called the process of knowledge, the process of
>|mystic yoga, and the process of devotional service. The
>|followers of these three processes realize the Absolute
>|Truth in three different aspects. Those who follow the
>|process of knowledge realize Him as impersonal Brahman;
>|those who follow the process of yoga realize Him as the
>|localized Supersoul; and those who follow the process of
>|devotional service realize Him as the Supreme Personality
>|of Godhead, Sri Krsna. In other words, although the word
>|Brahman indicates Krsna and nothing else, still, according
>|to the process that is followed, the Lord is realized in
>|three different aspects.
2628|As far as devotional service is concerned, there are two
>|divisions. In the beginning there is vidhi-bhakti, or
>|devotional service with regulative principles. In the
>|higher stage there is raga-bhakti, or devotional service in
>|pure love.
2629|The Supreme Personality of Godhead is the Absolute Truth,
>|but He is manifested by the expansions of His different
>|energies also. Those who follow the regulative principles
>|of devotional service ultimately attain the Vaikuntha
>|planets in the spiritual world, but one who follows the
>|principles of love in devotional service attains to the
>|supreme abode, the highest planet in the spiritual world
>|known as Krsnaloka or Goloka Vrndavana.
2630|Transcendentalists can also be divided into three
>|categories. The word akama refers to one who does not have
>|any material desires. Moksa-kama refers to one who seeks
>|liberation from material miseries, and sarva-kama refers to
>|one who has the material desire to enjoy. The most
>|intelligent transcendentalist gives up all other processes
>|and engages himself in the devotional service of the Lord,
>|even though he may have many desires. It is not by any kind
>|of transcendental activity-neither fruitive action, nor the
>|cultivation of knowledge, nor cultivation of mystic yoga-
>|that a person can achieve the highest perfection without
>|adding a tinge of devotional service. But for devotional
>|service, all other transcendental processes are just like
>|nipples on the neck of a goat. The nipples on a goat's neck
>|may be squeezed, but they do not supply milk. If one is to
>|derive actual perfection from his process, he must take to
>|the devotional service of Krsna. In Bhagavad-gita it is
>|stated:.
2631|catur-vidha bhajante mam
2632|janah sukrtino 'rjuna
2633|arto jijnasur artharthi
2634|jnani ca bharatarsabha
2635|"O best among the Bharatas [Arjuna], four kinds of pious
>|men render devotional service unto Me-the distressed, the
>|desirer of wealth, the inquisitive, and he who is searching
>|for knowledge of the Absolute." (Bg. 7.16)
2636|When these four types of people amass righteous activities,
>|they come to the devotional service of the Lord. Out of
>|these four, those who are distressed and those who desire
>|wealth are called devotees with desires, whereas the other
>|two, the inquisitive and the searcher for wisdom, are
>|seekers of liberation. Because they worship Krsna, they are
>|all considered to be very fortunate. In due course of time,
>|if they give up all desires and become pure devotees of the
>|Supreme Lord, they can be considered most fortunate. Such
>|fortunate beginners can develop only in the association of
>|pure devotees of Lord Krsna. When one associates with pure
>|devotees, he becomes a pure devotee himself. This is
>|confirmed in Srimad-Bhagavatam (1.10.11):
2637|sat-sangan mukta-duhsango
2638|hatum notsahate budhah
2639|kirtyamanam yaso yasya
2640|sakrd akarnya rocanam
2641|"A person who is actually intelligent is able-by
>|association of pure devotees-to hear about Lord Krsna and
>|His activities." These activities are so attractive that
>|when one hears of them, he does not give up his association
>|with the Lord.
2642|But for the association of pure devotees, all other
>|association is kaitava, or cheating. This is confirmed in
>|the First Canto of Srimad-Bhagavatam wherein it is stated
>|that all cheating processes which obstruct transcendental
>|realization are to be thrown off. By Srimad-Bhagavatam one
>|can understand reality as it is, and such understanding
>|helps one transcend the three kinds of material miseries.
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam is compiled by the greatest sage,
>|Vyasadeva, and it is a work coming out of his mature
>|experience. By understanding Srimad-Bhagavatam and
>|rendering devotional service, one can immediately capture
>|the Supreme Lord within his heart.
2643|Lord Caitanya then explained that the word projjhita means"
>|desire for liberation." One great commentator explained
>|that desire for liberation is the most obstructive
>|stumbling block on the path of God realization. Somehow or
>|other, if one comes to Krsna and begins to hear about Him,
>|Krsna is so kind that He awards him His lotus feet as a
>|center. Having such a focal point, a devotee or
>|transcendentalist forgets everything and engages himself in
>|the devotional service of the Lord. When one comes to the
>|Lord in devotional service, or in full Krsna consciousness,
>|the reward is the Supreme Himself. Once engaged for the
>|Supreme, one no longer asks for anything, as do the
>|distressed man and he who desires material possessions. The
>|method of devotional service, the service itself,
>|association of pure devotees and the causeless mercy of the
>|Lord all act so wonderfully that one can give up all
>|activities and become absorbed in Krsna, even if he is
>|distressed, in want of material possessions, inquisitive or
>|is actually a wise man cultivating knowledge.
2644|In summary, Krsna is the meaning behind all the words in
>|the Atmarama verse. Up to this point Lord Caitanya spoke
>|only of the introduction to the Atmarama verse. Next He
>|explains its real position.
2645|In the cultivation of knowledge there are two kinds of
>|transcendentalists. One of them worships the impersonal
>|Brahman, and the other desires liberation. Since monists
>|worship the impersonal feature of Brahman, they are
>|therefore called worshipers of Brahman. These Brahman
>|worshipers are further divided into three categories: the
>|neophyte, one who is absorbed in Brahman realization, and
>|one who has actually realized himself as Brahman. If
>|devotional service is added, the knower of Brahman can then
>|become liberated; otherwise there is no possibility of
>|liberation. Anyone who is fully engaged in devotional
>|service in Krsna consciousness is understood to be already
>|realized in Brahman. Devotional service is so strong that
>|one is attracted to Krsna even from the platform of Brahman
>|worship. The Lord awards the devotee the perfection of a
>|spiritual body, and he eternally engages in the
>|transcendental service of Krsna. It is when the devotee
>|understands and becomes attracted by Krsna's transcendental
>|qualities that he wholeheartedly engages in devotional
>|service. For instance, the four Kumaras and Sukadeva
>|Gosvami were liberated from the beginning, yet in their
>|later life they became attracted to the pastimes of Krsna
>|and became devotees. Sanaka Kumara was attracted by the
>|aroma of the flowers offered to Krsna, and the other
>|Kumaras were attracted by the transcendental qualities of
>|the Lord and thus engaged in His devotional service. The
>|nine mystics mentioned in the Eleventh Canto of Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam are understood to have been transcendentalists
>|from birth by virtue of hearing of the transcendental
>|qualities of Krsna from Brahma, Lord Siva and Narada.
2646|Sometimes one becomes attracted to Krsna and His
>|transcendental qualities simply by looking upon the
>|beautiful features of His transcendental body, in which
>|case one abandons the desire for liberation and engages in
>|His devotional service. The devotee regrets his loss of
>|time in the so-called cultivation of knowledge and becomes
>|a pure devotee of the Lord.
2647|There are two kinds of liberated souls having material
>|bodies: the soul liberated by devotional service and the
>|soul liberated by the cultivation of knowledge. The
>|liberated soul in devotional service, attracted by the
>|transcendental qualities of Krsna, becomes more and more
>|elevated, whereas those who engage in dry speculation and
>|simply cultivate knowledge without devotion fall due to
>|their many offenses. This is confirmed in Srimad-Bhagavatam
>|(10.2.32) where it is stated:
2648|ye 'nye 'ravindaksa vimukta-maninas
2649|tvayy asta-bhavad avisuddha-buddhayah
2650|aruhya krcchrena param padam tatah
2651|patanty adho 'nadrta-yusmad-anghrayah
2652|"O Lord, the intelligence of those who think themselves
>|liberated but who have no devotion is not pure. Even though
>|they rise to the highest point of liberation by dint of
>|severe penances and austerity, they are sure to fall down
>|again into this material existence, for they do not take
>|shelter at Your lotus feet." This is also confirmed in
>|Bhagavad-gita:
2653|brahma-bhutah prasannatma
2654|na socati na kanksati
2655|samah sarvesu bhutesu
2656|mad-bhaktim labhate param
2657|"One who is transcendentally situated at once realizes the
>|Supreme Brahman. He never laments nor desires to have
>|anything; he is equally disposed to every living entity. In
>|that state, he attains pure devotional service unto Me." (
>|Bg. 18.54)
2658|Thus one who is actually situated in Brahman realization
>|has no reason to lament or desire. He is equal to everyone
>|and is thus eligible for devotional service. This was also
>|accepted by Bilvamangala Thakura, who, in his later life,
>|lamented: "I was situated as a monist in order to become
>|one with the Supreme, but somehow or other I contacted a
>|naughty boy and became His eternal servitor." In other
>|words, those who attain self-realization by the execution
>|of devotional service attain a transcendental body, and,
>|being attracted to the transcendental qualities of Krsna,
>|engage fully in pure devotional service.
2659|Anyone who is not attracted to Krsna is understood to be
>|still under the spell of the illusory energy (maya), but
>|one who is attempting to be liberated by the process of
>|devotional service is actually liberated from the spell of
>|maya. In the Eleventh Canto of Srimad-Bhagavatam there are
>|many instances recorded of devotees who became liberated in
>|this life simply by engaging in devotional service.
2660|TLC 16: Conclusion of Teachings to Sanatana Gosvami
2661|Chapter Sixteen:
2662|Conclusion of Teachings to Sanatana Gosvami
2663|There are those who simply desire liberation, those who are
>|liberated already, even while in this material existence,
>|and those who are actually self-realized. There are many
>|persons in this world who desire liberation, and sometimes
>|they engage in devotional service for this purpose. It is
>|corroborated in Srimad-Bhagavatam (1.2.26) that those who
>|actually desire liberation abandon worship of the demigods,
>|and, without envy, concentrate their minds in the worship
>|of Narayana, the Supreme Personality of Godhead. When such
>|persons come in contact with a pure devotee, they engage in
>|the devotional service of Krsna and abandon the idea of
>|liberation. In the Hari-bhakti-sudhodaya it is stated:
2664|aho mahatman bahu-dosa-dusto
2665|'py ekena bhaty esa bhavo gunena
2666|sat-sangam akhyena sukhabahena
2667|krtadya no yena krsa mumuksa
2668|"O great soul, although there are many flaws within this
>|miserable life, there is yet one glory-the association of
>|pure devotees. Cultivate such association. By it our desire
>|for liberation diminishes."
2669|In Srimad-Bhagavatam (11.2.37) it is stated that man's fear
>|is due to his material conception of life and to his
>|forgetting his eternal relationship with the Supreme Lord.
>|Consequently he finds himself having only perverted
>|memories. This occurs due to the spell of material energy.
>|One who has sufficient intelligence will engage himself in
>|full devotional service and regard the Supreme Lord as his
>|spiritual master and worshipable God. The conclusion is
>|that no one can attain a revolution in consciousness
>|without engaging in devotional service to the Lord. When
>|one is actually free from material contamination, he can
>|fully engage himself in Krsna consciousness.
2670|In Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.14.4) it is again clearly said
>|that one who engages in spiritual life to understand things
>|as they are but who lacks all intentions of engaging in
>|Krsna consciousness, simply achieves trouble for his
>|undertaking. There is no substance to his life. Every
>|living entity is part and parcel of the Supreme Lord, and
>|therefore it is the duty of every living entity to serve
>|that supreme whole. Without such service, the living entity
>|falls into material contamination.
2671|Lord Caitanya concluded His teachings to Sanatana Gosvami
>|by pointing out that the six kinds of atmaramas engage in
>|some kind of devotional service to Krsna. In other words,
>|at some time or another all the transcendentalists
>|ultimately come to understand the necessity of rendering
>|devotional service to Krsna and become fully Krsna
>|conscious. Even if one is very learned or extravagant, he
>|can still engage in the devotional service of the Lord.
2672|The transcendentalists can be categorized into six basic
>|types: the neophyte transcendentalist, the absorbed
>|transcendentalist, one who is actually situated in
>|transcendence, one who actually desires liberation, one who
>|is actually liberated, and one who is actually engaged in
>|activities in his constitutional position. All of these are
>|called atmarama. When a person becomes atmarama, or a great
>|thinker in Krsna consciousness, he fully engages in
>|devotional service. According to the grammatical rules,
>|there are many atmaramas, but one sense of the word is
>|sufficient to represent the others. In the collective sense,
>| all the atmaramas are inclined to worship the Supreme Lord
>|Krsna.
2673|The mystic who worships the Supersoul within himself is
>|also called atmarama. The atmarama yogis are of two kinds:
>|sagarbha and nigarbha, It is stated in Srimad-Bhagavatam (2.
>|2.8): "Some yogis meditate within their heart on the
>|localized Visnu, who is four-handed and who holds four
>|symbols: conch, disc, mace and lotus." The yogi who thinks
>|of the four-handed Visnu becomes absorbed in devotional
>|ecstasy and evinces the symptoms of that state. Sometimes
>|he cries, and sometimes he feels separation. In this way he
>|merges in transcendental bliss. The result of all this is
>|that he becomes entrapped like a fish.
2674|The sagarbha and nigarbha yogis can be further divided into
>|three categories: the beginner, the ascendent, and he who
>|has already attained perfection. These yogis are described
>|in the Sixth Chapter of Bhagavad-gita. Those who are trying
>|to ascend on the path of mystic yoga are called aruruksu.
>|In aruruksu yoga, various sitting postures are practiced,
>|and the mind is concentrated. But when one has already
>|ascended to the path of yoga, meditation and detachment are
>|the goals, and when one is no longer attached to working
>|for sense gratification, he gradually becomes free. At that
>|time he also attains a state of ecstasy called yoga arudha.
>|If these mystic yogis somehow or other come in contact with
>|a saintly person, they become devotees of Krsna. The word
>|urukrama indicates the Supreme Lord. All the atmaramas are
>|engaged in devotional service to Urukrama. Before engaging
>|in devotional service, such transcendentalists are called
>|santas, or pacified devotees. The word atma, or self, is
>|sometimes translated as "mind." Sometimes mental
>|speculators present philosophical theories in different
>|ways, but when they come in contact with saintly persons
>|engaged in devotional service, they also become devotees.
2675|Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.87.18) describes the two classes of
>|yogis (sagarbha and nigarbha) as follows: "The yogis begin
>|their practice of yoga by worshiping the abdomen, and they
>|try to concentrate their attention on their intestines.
>|Gradually their meditation rises to the heart and
>|concentrates on the mind and the heart. Then their
>|attention rises to the top of the head, and one who can
>|rise to that position is understood to have become perfect
>|and to be no longer subjected to birth and death." Even if
>|such yogis come in contact with pure devotees, they also
>|render causeless devotional service to the Lord.
2676|The word atma also means "to endeavor." In every practice
>|there is some endeavor, and the ultimate endeavor is the
>|endeavor to reach the highest perfectional stage of
>|devotional service. In Srimad-Bhagavatam (1.5.18) it is
>|stated that one should try to attain the highest goal,
>|which cannot be attained either in the higher or lower
>|planetary systems. The idea is that material happiness and
>|misery are available in all planetary systems in the course
>|of time, but the highest achievement, devotional service,
>|cannot be attained anywhere without endeavor. Therefore in
>|the Brhan-naradiya Purana it is said that one who is
>|serious about understanding the highest perfectional stage
>|of devotional service can become successful in everything
>|simply by his endeavor. One cannot attain the highest
>|perfectional stage of devotional service without personal
>|endeavor. As Krsna states in Bhagavad-gita:
2677|tesam satata-yuktanam
2678|bhajatam priti-purvakam
2679|dadami buddhi-yogam tam
2680|yena mam upayanti te
2681|"To those who are constantly devoted and worship Me with
>|love, I give the understanding by which they can come to Me.
>|" (Bg. 10.10)
2682|The word atma also means patience and perseverance. By
>|patience and perseverance one can achieve the highest stage
>|of devotional service.
2683|As far as the word muni is concerned, there are additional
>|meanings. The word also refers to a bird and a large black
>|bee. Another meaning of the word nirgrantha is "a foolish
>|person." Thus even birds, bees and foolish people engage in
>|the service of the Supreme Lord when they are favored by
>|the pure devotee. Indeed, it is stated in Srimad-Bhagavatam
>|(10.21.14) that the birds are devoted to the service of the
>|Supreme Lord. It is also stated there (10.15.6) that black
>|bees always follow Krsna and Balarama. Concerning this, Sri
>|Krsna even described the devotional service which the bees
>|and wasps were rendering unto the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead. Lord Krsna said:
2684|ete 'linas tava yaso 'khila-loka-tirtham
2685|gayanta adi purusanupadam bhajante
2686|prayo ami muni-gana bhavadiya-mukhya
2687|gudham vane 'pi na jahaty anaghatma-daivam
2688|"O supremely virtuous one, O Personality of Godhead [
>|Balarama], just see how these bees and wasps are following
>|You, glorifying Your transcendental fame and worshiping You.
>| Actually these wasps and bees are not as they appear; they
>|are great sages who are taking this opportunity to worship
>|the supreme soul. Although You are not known by ordinary
>|persons, they know You, and they are following and
>|glorifying You." There is a similar verse in Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam (10.15.7) which describes the reception given to
>|Balarama and Krsna by the peacocks of Vrndavana. "O
>|worshipable one, just see how the peacocks that are
>|returning to their nests are receiving You with full
>|pleasure. These peacocks are just like the damsels of Vraja.
>| The cuckoos on the branches of the trees are also
>|receiving You in their own way. The residents of Vrndavana
>|are so glorious that everyone is prepared to render
>|devotional service to the Lord." It is stated in another
>|verse of Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.35.11): "O just see how the
>|cranes and swans on the water are singing the glories of
>|the Lord! Indeed, they are standing in the water meditating
>|and worshiping Him." It is stated elsewhere in Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam (2.4.18): "Even the aborigines and uncivilized
>|human beings like Kiratas, Hunas, Andhra, Pulinda, Pulkasa,
>|Abhira, Sumbha, Yavana and Khasa, as well as many other
>|human beings in the lower species, can all be purified
>|simply by taking shelter of the pure devotees." Therefore
>|Sukadeva Gosvami offered his respectful obeisances unto
>|Lord Visnu, whose devotees can work so wonderfully.
2689|Another meaning of the word dhrti is "to realize oneself as
>|elevated." When one realizes his own elevation, he feels
>|that he is free from all miseries and is elevated to the
>|highest platform of life. All devotees of Krsna in full
>|Krsna consciousness are free from all kinds of material
>|pleasures and miseries. They are fully absorbed in the
>|service of the Lord, and they are always jolly by virtue of
>|their engagement in His transcendental service. They are
>|experienced men of happiness. Indeed, they are so happy
>|that they do not even wish to be promoted to the spiritual
>|planets, for they are happy in every sphere of life. Being
>|full in the transcendental service of the Lord, they desire
>|neither material objects or material sense pleasures. As
>|stated by the Gosvamis: "Persons whose senses are fixed in
>|the service of the Supreme Lord can be called peaceful."
2690|Thus the word atmarama indicates that even birds, beasts
>|and fools-in short, everyone-can become attracted by the
>|transcendental qualities of Krsna, engage in His service
>|and become liberated.
2691|Still another meaning of atma is "intelligence." One who
>|has special intelligence is also called atmarama. The
>|atmaramas with special intelligence are of two kinds. One
>|is the learned sage, and the other is the fool without book
>|knowledge. Both of these can have an opportunity to
>|associate with the pure devotee. Even the foolish atmaramas
>|can give up everything and engage themselves in Krsna
>|consciousness in pure devotional service. In Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam it is stated that the Lord is the origin of
>|everything and that everything emanates from Him. Anyone
>|who is actually intelligent can understand that the Supreme
>|Lord Krsna is the source of everything and thus engage in
>|His service. As stated in Srimad-Bhagavatam (2.7.46): "What
>|to speak of persons who are intelligent enough to study the
>|Vedas-even less intelligent persons like women, laborers,
>|the Huna, Sabara, and the birds and beasts can achieve the
>|highest perfectional stage of life." As previously quoted,
>|Bhagavad-gita (10.10) also indicates that when a person
>|becomes highly intelligent and engages in Krsna
>|consciousness, Krsna reciprocates by giving him the
>|intelligence by which he can be promoted to the abode of
>|the Supreme Lord.
2692|The Lord then told Sanatana Gosvami that the association of
>|good devotees, engagement in the transcendental service of
>|the Lord, the understanding of Srimad-Bhagavatam, the
>|chanting of the holy name of the Lord, and residence in a
>|holy place like Vrndavana or Mathura are all very important
>|for elevation to the transcendental plane. One need not
>|attain all five of these items; if one is expert in just
>|one of them, he will, without fail, be elevated to the
>|stage of love of Godhead. One who is actually intelligent
>|gives up all material desires and engages in the
>|transcendental service of Krsna. The influence of
>|devotional service is such that when a person engages in it,
>| he gives up all material desires and becomes fully
>|attached to Krsna, being inspired by the transcendental
>|qualities of the Lord. Such is the beauty of the Lord in
>|the eyes of His devotee.
2693|Another meaning of the word atma is "nature." In this case
>|the word atmarama indicates that everyone is enjoying the
>|particular nature he has acquired. However, the ultimate
>|nature, or the perpetual eternal nature of the living
>|entity, is to serve the Supreme Lord. One who attains to
>|the perfection of understanding his real nature-as eternal
>|servant of the Lord-gives up his designative (material, or
>|bodily) conception of life. That is real knowledge. Those
>|who are in pursuit of knowledge and who get the opportunity
>|to associate with a pure devotee also engage in the
>|devotional service of the Lord. Sages like the four Kumaras,
>| as well as fools and birds, can engage in the Lord's
>|transcendental service. By being favored with Krsna's
>|causeless mercy, anyone and everyone can be elevated to the
>|platform of Krsna consciousness.
2694|When one becomes attracted by the transcendental qualities
>|of Krsna, he begins devotional service. Srimad-Bhagavatam (
>|10.15.8) glorifies the land of Vrndavana in this way:
2695|dhanyeyam adya dharani trna-virudhas tvat-
2696|pada-sprso druma-latah karajabhimrstah
2697|nadyo 'drayah khaga-mrgah sadayavalokair
2698|gopyo 'ntarena bhujayor api yat-sprha srih
2699|"This land of Vrajabhumi is glorified by the touch of Your
>|feet. Being touched by Your fingers, the creepers also
>|glorify You. When You look on the hills, rivers and lower
>|animals, they are all glorified, and the gopis, being
>|embraced by Your transcendental arms, are also glorified."
>|The gopis (cowherd girls) glorified Vrndavana in the
>|following words: "Dear friends, all these inhabitants of
>|Vrajabhumi-including birds, beasts, and trees-are glorified
>|when they see Lord Krsna going to the pasturing ground with
>|His friends and Balarama."
2700|The word atma also means "this body." The yogis who
>|practice bodily exercises, considering the body to be the
>|self, are also elevated to the transcendental service of
>|the Lord if they associate with pure devotees. There are
>|many people who believe the body to be the self, and they
>|are engaged in many fruitive activities, including bathing
>|rituals and ordinary worldly activities. However, when they
>|come in contact with a pure devotee, they also engage in
>|the transcendental service of the Lord.
2701|In Srimad-Bhagavatam (1.18.12) it is stated: "O my dear
>|Suta Gosvami, even though we have become darkened by the
>|sacrificial smoke of fruitive activities, you have given us
>|the nectar of Krsna's lotus feet." It is also stated in
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam (4.21.31): "The waters of the Ganges flow
>|from the tip of the lotus feet of Krsna, and by bathing in
>|that water, everyone-including fruitive actors and all
>|sages-can wash dirty things from the mind.
2702|Even those who believe that the body is the self, or those
>|who are full of material desires, are also, in a sense,
>|atmarama. When they associate with the pure devotees of the
>|Lord, they give up their material desires and become
>|perfect in the service of the Lord. The best example of
>|this is found in the Hari-bhakti-sudhodaya (7.28), wherein
>|Dhruva Maharaja said:
2703|sthanabhilasi tapasi sthito 'ham
2704|tvam praptavan deva-munindra-guhyam
2705|kacam vicinvann api divya-ratnam
2706|svamin krtartho 'smi varam na yace
2707| [Cc. Madhya 22.42]
2708|"My dear Lord, I came to worship You because I desired some
>|land on this earth, but fortunately I have attained You,
>|who are beyond even the perception of great sages and
>|saintly persons. I came to search out some particles of
>|colored glass, but instead I found a very valuable gem like
>|You. I am satisfied, and I do not desire to ask anything of
>|You."
2709|There is also another meaning to the word nirgrantha. The
>|word can also mean "foolish hunter," or "wretched poor man."
>| There is one instance of a hunter who attained salvation
>|and engaged himself in the devotional service of the Lord
>|simply by associating with the pure devotee Narada. Indeed,
>|Lord Caitanya told Sanatana Gosvami the following story of
>|the hunter's meeting with Narada.
2710|Once there was a hunter in the forest of Prayaga who was
>|fortunate enough to meet Narada Muni when the great sage
>|was returning from Vaikuntha after visiting Lord Narayana.
>|Narada came to Prayaga to bathe in the confluence of the
>|Ganges and Yamuna. While passing through the forest, Narada
>|saw a bird lying on the ground. The bird was half-killed,
>|being pierced by an arrow, and it was chirping pitifully.
>|Further on, Narada saw a deer flopping about in agony.
>|Further, he saw that a boar was also suffering, and, in
>|another place, he saw a rabbit twitching in pain. All this
>|made him very compassionate, and he began to think, "Who is
>|the foolish man who has committed such sins?" Devotees of
>|the Lord are generally compassionate upon the miseries of
>|living entities, and what to speak of the great sage Narada?
>| He became very much aggrieved by this scene, and after
>|proceeding a few steps, he saw the hunter engaged in
>|hunting with bow and arrows. The hunter's complexion was
>|very dark, and his eyes were red. It appeared to be
>|dangerous just to see him standing there with his bow and
>|arrows, looking just like an associate of Yamaraja, death.
>|Seeing him, Narada Muni entered deeper into the forest to
>|approach him. As Narada Muni passed through the forest, all
>|the animals who were caught in the hunter's traps fled away.
>| The hunter became very angry at this, and he was just
>|about to call Narada vile names, but, due to the influence
>|of saintly Narada, the hunter could not utter such
>|blasphemies. Rather, with gentle behavior, he asked Narada:
>|"My dear sir, why have you come here while I am hunting?
>|Have you strayed from the general path? Because you have
>|come here, all the animals in my traps have fled."
2711|"Yes, I am sorry," Narada replied. "I have come to you to
>|find my own path and to inquire from you. I have seen that
>|there are many boars, deer and rabbits on the path. They
>|are lying on the forest floor half-dead and flopping about.
>|Who has committed these sinful acts?"
2712|"What you have seen is all right," the hunter replied. "It
>|was done by me."
2713|"If you are hunting all these poor animals, why don't you
>|kill them at once?" Narada asked. "You half-kill them, and
>|they are suffering in their death pangs. This is a great
>|sin. If you want to kill an animal, why don't you kill it
>|completely? Why do you leave it half-killed and allow it to
>|die flopping around?"
2714|"My dear Lord," the hunter replied. "My name is Mrgari,
>|enemy of animals. I am simply following the teachings of my
>|father who taught me to half-kill animals and leave them
>|flopping about. When a half-dead animals suffers, I take
>|great pleasure in it."
2715|"I beg one thing from you only," Narada implored. "Please
>|accept it."
2716|"Oh, yes sir, I shall give you whatever you like," the
>|hunter said. "If you want some animal skins, come to my
>|house. I have many skins of animals, including tigers and
>|deer. I shall give you whatever you like."
2717|"I do not want such things," Narada replied. "However, I do
>|want something else. If you kindly grant it to me, I shall
>|tell you. Please, henceforth from tomorrow, whenever you
>|kill an animal, please kill it completely. Don't leave it
>|half-dead."
2718|"My dear sir, what are you asking of me? What is the
>|difference between half-killing an animal and killing it
>|completely?"
2719|"If you half-kill the animals, they suffer great pain,"
>|Narada explained. "And if you give too much pain to other
>|living entities, you commit great sin. There is a great
>|offense committed when you kill an animal completely, but
>|the offense is much greater when you half-kill it. Indeed,
>|the pain which you give half-dead animals will have to be
>|accepted by you in a future birth."
2720|Although the hunter was very sinful, his heart became
>|softened, and he became afraid of his sins by virtue of his
>|association with a great devotee like Narada. Those who are
>|grossly sinful are not at all afraid of committing sins,
>|but here we can see that because his purification began in
>|the association of a great devotee like Narada, the hunter
>|became afraid of his sinful activities. The hunter
>|therefore replied: "My dear sir, from my very childhood I
>|have been taught to kill animals in this way. Please tell
>|me how I can get rid of all the offenses and sinful
>|activities which I have accumulated. I am surrendering unto
>|your feet. Please save me from all the reactions of my
>|sinful activities which I have committed in the past, and
>|please direct me to the proper path so that I can be free."
2721|"If you actually want to follow my directions, I can tell
>|you the real path by which you can be freed from sinful
>|reactions."
2722|"I shall follow whatever you say without hesitation," the
>|hunter agreed.
2723|Narada then told him to first break his bow; only then
>|would he disclose the path of liberation.
2724|"You are asking me to break my bow," the hunter protested, "
>|but if I break it, what will be the means of my livelihood?"
2725|"Don't worry about your livelihood," Narada said. "I shall
>|send you sufficient grains in order to live.',
2726|The hunter then broke his bow and fell down at the feet of
>|Narada. Narada got him to stand up, and he instructed him: "
>|Just go to your home and distribute whatever money and
>|valuables you have to the devotees and the brahmanas. Then
>|just come out and follow me wearing only one cloth.
>|Construct a small thatched house on the river bank and sow
>|a tulasi plant by that house. Just circumambulate the
>|tulasi tree, and every day taste one fallen leaf. Above all,
>| always chant Hare Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna Krsna, Hare
>|Hare/Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare. As far as
>|your livelihood is concerned, I shall send you grains, but
>|you will only accept as much grain as you require for
>|yourself and your wife."
2727|Narada then relieved the half-dead animals, and, getting
>|freed from their dreadful condition, they fled away. Upon
>|seeing Narada execute this miracle, the dark hunter was
>|struck with wonder. After taking Narada to his home, he
>|bowed down again at his feet.
2728|Narada returned to his place, and the hunter, after
>|returning home, began to execute the instructions Narada
>|had given him. In the meantime, news spread amongst all the
>|villages that the hunter had become a devotee. Consequently
>|the residents of the villages came to see the new Vaisnava.
>|It is the Vedic custom to bring grains and fruits whenever
>|one goes to see a saintly person, and since all the
>|villagers saw that the hunter had turned into a great
>|devotee, they brought eatables with them. Thus every day he
>|was offered grains and fruit, so much so that no less than
>|ten to twenty people could have eaten there. According to
>|Narada's instructions, he did not accept anything more than
>|what he and his wife required for sustenance.
2729|After some days had passed, Narada told his friend Parvata
>|Muni: "I have a disciple. Let us go to see him and see if
>|he is doing well."
2730|When the two sages, Narada and Parvata, went to the hunter'
>|s home, the hunter saw his spiritual master coming from the
>|distance, and he began to approach him with great respect.
>|On his way to greet the great sages, the hunter saw that
>|there were ants on the ground before him and that they were
>|hindering his passage. When he reached the sages, he tried
>|to bow down before them, but he saw that there were so many
>|ants that he could not bow down without crushing them. Thus
>|he slowly cleared away the ants with his cloth. When Narada
>|saw that the hunter was trying to save the lives of the
>|ants in this way, he was reminded of a verse from the
>|Skanda Purana: "Is it not wonderful that a devotee of the
>|Lord is not inclined to give any sort of pain to anyone,
>|not even to an ant?"
2731|Although the hunter formerly took great pleasure in half-
>|killing animals, since he became a great devotee of the
>|Lord, he was not prepared to give pain even to an ant. The
>|hunter received the two great sages at his home and offered
>|them a sitting place, brought water, washed their feet,
>|took water to them to drink, and finally both he and his
>|wife touched the water with their heads. After this, they
>|began to feel ecstasy and began to dance and sing Hare
>|Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna Krsna, Hare Hare/Hare Rama, Hare
>|Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare. They raised their hands and
>|danced with their clothes flying. When the two great sages
>|saw this ecstasy of love of Godhead manifest in the body of
>|the hunter, Parvata Muni told Narada: "You are a touchstone,
>| for by your association even a great hunter has turned
>|into a great devotee."
2732|There is a verse in the Skanda Purana which states: "My
>|dear Devarsi [Narada], you are glorious, and by your mercy,
>|even the lowest creature, a hunter of animals, also became
>|elevated to the path of devotion and attained
>|transcendental attachment for Krsna."
2733|At length, Narada inquired of the hunter-devotee: "Are you
>|getting your foodstuff regularly?"
2734|"You send so many people," the hunter replied, "and they
>|bring so many eatables that we cannot begin to eat them."
2735|"That's all right," Narada replied. "Whatever you are
>|getting is all right. Now just continue your devotional
>|service in that way."
2736|After Narada had spoken this, both Narada and Parvata Muni
>|disappeared from the hunter's home. Lord Caitanya recited
>|this story in order to show that even a hunter can engage
>|in the devotional service of Krsna by the influence of pure
>|devotees.
2737|Continuing to explain the Atmarama verse, Lord Caitanya
>|pointed out that the word atma also indicated all varieties
>|of the Personality of Godhead. Generally the Personality of
>|Godhead Himself, Krsna, and His different expansions are
>|all known as the Personality of Godhead.
2738|Anyone who is engaged in the devotional service of any form
>|or extension of the Supreme Personality of Godhead is also
>|called atmarama. All such devotees engage themselves either
>|in the regulative principles of devotional service or in
>|devotional service in transcendental love. These devotees
>|are also divided into three categories: the associates,
>|those perfected in devotional service, and those newly
>|engaged in devotional service. Newly engaged devotees can
>|be divided into two: those who have already attained
>|attachment for the Lord and those who have not attained
>|such attachment. When considered according to the two
>|divisions of devotional service (namely regulative-and
>|attachment in transcendental love) these classes of
>|devotees become eight in number. By following the
>|regulative principles of devotion, the perfect associates
>|of the Lord are further divided into four classes: the
>|servants, the friends, the parental superiors and the
>|fiancees.
2739|Just as some devotees are perfected by the execution of
>|devotional service, so some of them are eternally perfect.
>|Of those following the regulative principles of devotional
>|service, there are the advanced and the beginners; and in
>|the transcendental loving service of the Lord, there are
>|sixteen types of devotees. Thus the atmaramas can be
>|considered to exist in thirty-two divisions. If the words
>|muni, nirgrantha, ca and api are applied to the thirty-two
>|classes, then there are fifty-eight different types of
>|devotees. All these devotees can be described by one word:
>|atmarama. There may be many different kinds of trees
>|standing in the forest, but the word "tree" describes them
>|all.
2740|Thus the Lord gave sixty different meanings to the word
>|atmarama. In addition, He said that atma means "the living
>|entity, beginning from the first living creature, Brahma,
>|down to the ant." He cited a verse from the Sixth Chapter
>|of Visnu Purana in which it is stated that all the energies
>|of the Lord are spiritual. Although this is the case, the
>|energy which is known as the source of the living entity is
>|called spiritual, but the other energy, which is full of
>|ignorance and is manifested in material activities, is
>|called material nature. Even in the material creation, the
>|living entities are innumerable. If by chance a living
>|entity in the material world can associate with a pure
>|devotee, he can engage in the pure devotional service of
>|Krsna. "Formerly I thought of sixty different meanings for
>|the word atmarama," the Lord told Sanatana Gosvami, "but
>|here another meaning comes to My mind by your association."
2741|After hearing the different explanations of the word
>|atmarama, Sanatana Gosvami was struck with wonder, and he
>|fell down in devotion at the feet of Lord Caitanya. "I
>|understand that You are personally the Supreme Personality
>|of Godhead, Krsna," Sanatana said, "and with Your breathing
>|there are many manifestations of Vedic literature. You are
>|the teacher of Srimad-Bhagavatam, and You best know the
>|meanings of the verses of Srimad-Bhagavatam. It is not
>|possible for others to understand the confidential meanings
>|of Srimad-Bhagavatam without Your mercy."
2742|"Do not try to praise Me in that way," the Lord told
>|Sanatana. "Just try to understand the real nature of Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam. Srimad-Bhagavatam is the sound representation
>|of the Supreme Lord Krsna; therefore Srimad-Bhagavatam is
>|not different from Krsna. Krsna is unlimited, and similarly,
>| each word and letter of Srimad-Bhagavatam has unlimited
>|meanings. One can understand these meanings through the
>|association of devotees. Don't, then, say that Bhagavatam
>|is simply a collection of answers to questions."
2743|There were six questions put by the sages of Naimisaranya
>|to Suta Gosvami, and Suta Gosvami explained or answered the
>|six questions in Srimad-Bhagavatam. There is a verse in the
>|Vedic literature in which Lord Siva says, "As far as
>|Bhagavatam is concerned, I may know it, or Sukadeva or
>|Vyasadeva may know it, or we may not know it-but actually
>|Bhagavatam is to be understood by devotional service and
>|from a devotee, and not by one's own intelligence or by
>|academic commentaries." At the beginning of Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam (1.1.23) the sages of Naimisaranya asked,
2744|bruhi yogesvare krsne
2745|brahmanye dharma-varmani
2746|svam kastham adhunopete
2747|dharmah kam saranam gatah
2748|"My dear Sir, kindly tell us whether the principles of
>|religion have gone with the Lord, after His departure for
>|His own abode. How can we find such principles after His
>|departure?"
2749|The reply was (1.3.43):
2750|krsne sva-dhamopagate
2751|dharma-jnanadibhih saha
2752|kalau nasta-drsam esa
2753|puranarko 'dhunoditah
2754|"After Krsna departed to His abode with all religious
>|principles, His representative, the Srimad-Bhagavatam, the
>|Maha-Purana, remains as the blazing, illuminating sun."
2755|Lord Caitanya then told Sanatana Gosvami: "I was just like
>|a madman in describing this Atmarama verse in so many ways.
>|Do not mind if I have said something mad. But if someone
>|becomes a madman like Me, he can understand the real
>|meaning of Srimad-Bhagavatam as I have explained it."
2756|Then Sanatana Gosvami, with folded hands, fell at the feet
>|of Lord Caitanya and prayed. "My dear Lord," he said, "You
>|have asked me to prepare the regulative principles of
>|devotional service, but I belong to the lowest caste. I
>|have no knowledge. I do not know how such an important task
>|can be finished by me. If You will kindly give me some
>|hints about the preparation of such a book on devotional
>|service, it may be that I shall be qualified to write it."
2757|The Lord then blessed him saying, "Whatever you write, by
>|the grace of Krsna, will come out of your heart and will be
>|accepted as you have requested. I will also give you some
>|notes that you can take down. The first and foremost point
>|is that one should accept a bona fide spiritual master.
>|That is the beginning of spiritual life." Lord Caitanya
>|then requested Sanatana Gosvami to write down the symptoms
>|of a true guru and the symptoms of a true devotee. The
>|symptoms of a devotee are described in the Padma Purana: A
>|person who is a qualified brahmana and at the same time has
>|all the symptoms of a devotee can become a spiritual master
>|for all classes of men. Such a devotee and spiritual master
>|must be respected as God Himself. Even though a person may
>|be born in a very respectable brahmana family, he cannot
>|become a bona fide spiritual master if he is not a devotee
>|of the Lord. One should not mistakenly think that a bona
>|fide spiritual master has to be born in a so-called
>|brahmana family. The idea is that a spiritual master must
>|be a qualified brahmana; that is, he must be qualified by
>|his activities.
2758|This is confirmed in Srimad-Bhagavatam when Narada speaks
>|of the different symptoms characterizing the four divisions
>|of social life. Narada therein summarizes that brahmanas,
>|ksatriyas, vaisyas and sudras should be selected by their
>|individual qualifications. In his commentary, Sridhara
>|Svami has noted that birth in a family of brahmanas does
>|not necessarily mean that one is a brahmana. One must be
>|qualified with the symptoms of a brahmana, as the symptoms
>|are described in the sastras. In the disciplic succession
>|of the Gaudiya Vaisnava sampradaya, there are two great
>|acaryas (Thakura Narottama and Syamananda Gosvami) who were
>|not born in brahmana families but were accepted as
>|spiritual masters by many brahmanas of fame, including
>|Ganganarayana, Ramakrsna, etc.
2759|In this way there are symptoms which the prospective
>|devotee evinces, and both the disciple and the spiritual
>|master must see whether each other is eligible to become
>|either a bona fide spiritual master or a bona fide student.
>|One should then know that the only worshipable object is
>|the Supreme Personality of Godhead, and one should learn
>|the various mantras and sacred songs.
2760|The Lord then instructed Sanatana to describe the symptoms
>|of those persons who are eligible to accept the mantras and
>|to describe how the mantras should be understood and
>|perfected by ritualistic performances. Then the Lord
>|described initiation, morning duties and duties of
>|cleanliness-washing the face and brushing the teeth-the
>|process of work and the prayers to be recited both in the
>|morning and the evening. The Lord also described how one
>|should worship the spiritual master and mark one's body
>|with gopi-candana. He also described how one should collect
>|the tulasi leaves and wash the room and temple of the Lord,
>|and He also described how one should awaken Krsna from His
>|sleep. Lord Caitanya also described different methods for
>|worshiping the Lord, which are the methods of the fivefold
>|paraphernalia and fifty-fold paraphernalia. He described
>|how one should worship the Lord by offering Him arati five
>|times a day, and He described how one should offer food to
>|Krsna and lay Him down on the bed. Lord Caitanya also spoke
>|of the effect of going to holy places where there are
>|different temples of the Lord and seeing the form of God in
>|the temple. He also spoke of the glorification of the
>|transcendental name of the Lord and the different offenses
>|which one can commit while worshiping. In the worship of
>|the Lord certain paraphernalia is used, such as conchshell,
>|water, fragrant flowers, prayers and hymns, and there is
>|circumambulation and the offering of obeisances as well.
>|One should follow the regulative principles of purascarana
>|and accept Krsna prasada, rejecting foodstuff which is not
>|offered to Krsna. Lord Caitanya also cautioned that one
>|should not indulge in defaming a devotee who has the actual
>|symptoms of a devotee.
2761|Lord Caitanya also explained the symptoms of a holy man and
>|the process of satisfying the sage and rejecting the
>|society of undesirable persons. The Lord also advised that
>|one should hear Srimad-Bhagavatam constantly. Also to be
>|followed are duties of the day and duties of the fortnight,
>|as well as fasting on Ekadasi day. One must also follow the
>|duties of the month and observe ceremonies like the
>|birthday of the Lord, the three specific dates of fasting
>|Ekadasi, Janmastami, Vamanadvadasi, Sri Ramanavami and
>|Nrsimhacaturdasi. When the fast days overlap with other
>|days (viddha), they are helpful in the advancement of
>|devotional service. Lord Caitanya further instructed
>|Sanatana Gosvami to give documentary evidence from the
>|puranas in every step. He also mentioned how to establish
>|temples of the Lord, and He described the general behavior,
>|symptoms, and duties and occupation of a Vaisnava. Thus the
>|Lord explained in summary all the details one need know in
>|writing a book on Vaisnava regulative principles.
2762|Sanatana Gosvami was a great devotee of the Lord, and he
>|was directly instructed to spread the cult of bhakti by
>|writing many books. There is a description of Sanatana in
>|Caitanya-candrodaya, and it is mentioned there that
>|Sanatana Gosvami was one of the most important
>|personalities in the government of Nawab Hussain. His
>|brother, Rupa Gosvami, was also a minister in the
>|government, but both of them gave up their lucrative
>|government posts to become mendicants and serve the Supreme
>|Lord. Externally the brothers became just like ordinary
>|mendicants, but their hearts were filled with
>|transcendental loving service and a great love for the
>|cowherd boy of Vrndavana. Indeed, Sanatana Gosvami was dear
>|to all pure devotees of his time.
2763|TLC 17: Lord Caitanya, the Original Personality of Godhead
2764|Chapter Seventeen:
2765|Lord Caitanya, the Original Personality of Godhead
2766|Following the footsteps of Kaviraja Krsnadasa Gosvami, we
>|offer our respectful obeisances unto the lotus feet of Lord
>|Caitanya.
2767|Lord Caitanya is described as follows: He is the only
>|shelter for the forlorn, for the most fallen, and He is the
>|only hope for those who are completely devoid of spiritual
>|knowledge. Let us try to discuss His great contribution of
>|devotional service.
2768|The supremely powerful Lord Krsna is manifest in five
>|different potencies. Although He is one without a second,
>|in order to serve five specific spiritual purposes, He is
>|manifest in five ways. Such diversity is eternal and
>|blissful, in contrast to the conception of monotonous
>|oneness. From Vedic literatures we can understand that the
>|Absolute Truth, the Supreme Personality of Godhead,
>|eternally exists with His diverse energies. Lord Caitanya
>|appeared with full diverse energies, and they are five in
>|number; therefore Lord Caitanya is said to be Krsna with
>|diverse energies.
2769|There is no difference between the energy and the energetic
>|in regard to the Lord's appearance as Sri Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu and His four associates-Nityananda Prabhu,
>|Advaita Prabhu, Gadadhara, and Srivasa. Amongst these five
>|diverse manifestations of the Supreme Lord (as the Lord
>|Himself and His incarnation, expansion and energies) there
>|is no spiritual difference. They are five in one Absolute
>|Truth. For the sake of relishing transcendental flavors in
>|the Absolute Truth, there are five diverse manifestations.
>|These are called the form of a devotee, the identity of a
>|devotee, the incarnation of a devotee, the pure devotee and
>|devotional energy.
2770|Out of the five diversities in the Absolute Truth, the form
>|of Lord Caitanya is that of the original Personality of
>|Godhead, Krsna. Lord Nityananda is the manifestation of the
>|first expansion of the Supreme Lord. Similarly, Advaita
>|Prabhu is an incarnation of the Supreme Lord. These three-
>|Caitanya, Nityananda and Advaita-belong to the category of
>|Visnu-tattva, or the Supreme Absolute Truth. Srivasa
>|represents the pure devotee, and Gadadhara represents the
>|internal energy of the Lord for the advancement of pure
>|devotion. Therefore Gadadhara and Srivasa, although
>|included in Visnu-tattva, are dependent, diverse energies
>|of the Supreme Lord. In other words, they are not different
>|from the energetic, but they are manifest diversely for the
>|sake of relishing transcendental relationships. The whole
>|process of devotional service involves a transcendental
>|reciprocation in the relationship between the worshiper and
>|the worshiped. Without such a diverse exchange of
>|transcendental flavors, devotional service has no meaning.
2771|In the Vedic literature (Katha Upanisad) it is stated that
>|the Supreme Lord is the supreme living entity amongst all
>|living entities. There are innumerable living entities, but
>|there is one living entity who is the Supreme Absolute
>|Godhead. The difference between the singular living entity
>|and the plural living entities is that the singular living
>|entity is the Lord of all. Lord Caitanya is that supreme
>|living entity, and He descended to reclaim the innumerable
>|fallen living entities. In other words, the specific
>|purpose of Lord Caitanya's advent was to establish the
>|Vedic fact that there is one Supreme Personality of Godhead
>|predominating over and maintaining the innumerable
>|personalities of all living entities. Because the
>|impersonalist (Mayavadi) philosophers cannot understand
>|this, Lord Caitanya advented Himself to enlighten the
>|people in general about the real nature of the relationship
>|between the Supreme and the many entities.
2772|In Bhagavad-gita Krsna's last instructions were that
>|everyone should give up all other engagements and render
>|devotional service unto Him. However, after Krsna's
>|disappearance, less intelligent people misunderstood Him.
>|They became contaminated with the Mayavadi philosophy,
>|which produced so many mental speculators that people
>|forgot the actual position of the Absolute Truth and the
>|living entity. Therefore Lord Sri Krsna Himself, as Lord
>|Caitanya, again appeared to teach the fallen souls of this
>|material world the way to approach Lord Krsna. The Bhagavad-
>|gita teaches that one should give up everything and be done
>|with this world of material attachment. A pure devotee of
>|Lord Krsna and one who follows the philosophy of Lord
>|Caitanya are one and the same. Caitanya's philosophy is
>|that one should give up everything and worship God, Krsna.
>|Krsna, as the Supreme Lord, the Personality of Godhead,
>|spoke the same words, indicating Himself as the Supreme
>|Lord. However, the Mayavadi philosophers misunderstood Him.
>|Therefore Lord Caitanya, to clarify the situation,
>|reiterated Lord Krsna's message: One should not declare
>|himself to be as good as Krsna but should worship Krsna as
>|the Supreme Lord.
2773|We make a great mistake if we accept Lord Caitanya as a
>|conditioned soul. He is to be understood as the Supreme
>|Absolute Truth, the Personality of Godhead, Sri Krsna
>|Himself. It is therefore said of Lord Caitanya in Caitanya-
>|caritamrta: "Krsna is now present in His five diverse
>|manifestations." Unless one is situated in uncontaminated
>|goodness, it is very difficult to understand Lord Caitanya
>|as the Supreme Personality of Godhead Himself. Thus in
>|order to understand Lord Caitanya, one has to follow the
>|direct disciples of Lord Caitanya-the six Gosvamis-and
>|especially the path chalked out by Srila Jiva Gosvami.
2774|The most astonishing fact is that Lord Caitanya, although
>|the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Krsna, never displayed
>|Himself as Krsna. Rather, whenever He was detected by
>|intelligent devotees as Lord Krsna and was addressed as
>|Lord Krsna, He denied it. Indeed, He sometimes placed His
>|hands over His ears, protesting that one should not be
>|addressed as the Supreme Lord. Indirectly, He was teaching
>|the Mayavadi philosophers that one should not falsely pose
>|himself as the Supreme Lord and thereby misguide people.
>|Nor should followers be foolish enough to accept anyone and
>|everyone as the Supreme Personality of Godhead. One should
>|test by consulting scriptures and by seeing the activities
>|of the person in question. One should not, however, mistake
>|Lord Caitanya and His five diverse manifestations as
>|ordinary human beings. Lord Caitanya is the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead, Krsna Himself. The beauty of Lord
>|Caitanya is that although He is the Supreme Lord, He came
>|as a great devotee to teach all conditioned souls how
>|devotional service should be rendered. Conditioned souls
>|who are interested in devotional service should follow in
>|the exemplary footsteps of Lord Caitanya in order to learn
>|how Krsna can be achieved by devotional service. Thus the
>|Supreme Lord Himself teaches the conditioned soul how He
>|should be approached in devotional service.
2775|By analytically studying the five diverse manifestations of
>|the Supreme Lord, we can come to know that Lord Sri
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu is the Supreme Absolute and that Lord
>|Nityananda is an immediate expansion of the Supreme
>|Absolute Truth. We can also come to understand that Advaita
>|Prabhu is also in the category of the Supreme Personality
>|of Godhead but is subordinate to Lord Caitanya and
>|Nityananda Prabhu. The Supreme Personality of Godhead and
>|His immediate subordinate expansions are worshipable by the
>|other two-namely the representation of the internal potency
>|and the representation of the marginal potency. The
>|representation of the internal potency, Gadadhara,
>|represents the confidential devotee, and the representation
>|of the marginal potency is the pure devotee. Both of these
>|are worshipers of the other three categories, but all of
>|them are engaged in the transcendental service of the
>|Supreme Personality of Godhead, Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu.
2776|There is a specific difference between the pure devotee and
>|the confidential devotee. Different potencies of the Lord
>|are engaged in serving the Supreme Lord in different
>|transcendental relationships. They are situated in conjugal
>|love, in parental affection, in friendship and in servitude.
>| By impartially judging, one can find that the internal
>|potencies of the Supreme Lord who are engaged in conjugal
>|love with the Lord are the best of all devotees. Thus both
>|internal devotees and confidential devotees are attracted
>|by the conjugal love of the Supreme Absolute Truth. These
>|are the most confidential devotees of Lord Caitanya. Other
>|pure devotees, who are more or less attached to Sri
>|Nityananda Prabhu and Advaita Prabhu, are attracted by
>|other transcendental relationships, such as parental
>|affection, friendship and servitorship. When such devotees
>|are attached to the activities of Lord Caitanya, they at
>|once become confidential devotees in conjugal love with the
>|Supreme Lord.
2777|There is a very nice song sung by Sri Narottama dasa
>|Thakura, a great devotee and acarya in the disciplic
>|succession from Lord Caitanya. Narottama dasa sings: "When
>|will there be transcendental vibrations all over my body
>|simply by my hearing the name of Gauranga? When will tears
>|incessantly flow from my eyes simply by my uttering the
>|names of the Lord? When will Lord Nityananda have mercy
>|upon me, and when will all my desires for material
>|enjoyment become insignificant? When shall I be purified by
>|giving up all contaminations of material enjoyment? And
>|when shall I be able to see the transcendental abode,
>|Vrndavana? When shall I be eager to accept the six Gosvamis
>|as my prime guidance? And when will I be able to understand
>|the conjugal love of Krsna?" No one should be eager to
>|understand the conjugal love of Krsna without undergoing
>|disciplinary training under the six Gosvamis of Vrndavana.
2778|The sankirtana movement inaugurated by Lord Caitanya is a
>|transcendental pastime of the Lord. "By it I live
>|simultaneously to preach and popularize this movement in
>|the material world." In that sankirtana movement of Lord
>|Caitanya, Nityananda and Advaita are His expansions, and
>|Gadadhara and Srivasa are His internal and marginal
>|potencies. The living entities are also called marginal
>|potency because they have, potentially, two attitudes-
>|namely the tendency to surrender unto Krsna and the
>|tendency to become independent of Him. Due to the
>|propensity for material enjoyment, the living entity
>|becomes contaminated by the material world. When a living
>|entity is dominated by a desire for material enjoyment and
>|becomes entangled in material life, he is subjected to the
>|threefold miseries of material existence. He is just like a
>|seed sown in the earth. If a seed is overpowered by too
>|much water, there is no possibility of its fructifying.
>|Similarly, if a man is captivated by material enjoyment,
>|and even if the seed of such enjoyment is within the heart
>|of the conditioned soul, he can be overpowered by a flood
>|of transcendental activities performed in love of God. In
>|this way his potential seed cannot fructify into a
>|conditional life of material existence. The conditioned
>|living entities in the material world, especially in the
>|present age of Kali, are overpowered by the flood of love
>|of God inaugurated by Lord Caitanya and His associates.
2779|In this connection there is a verse written by His Holiness
>|Prabodhananda Sarasvati in his book Sri Caitanya-candramrta
>|which states that materialistic persons are very
>|enthusiastic to maintain their family members, wife and
>|children, and that there are also many mystic speculators
>|who are engaged in speculating about liberation from the
>|miseries of material life and who therefore undergo various
>|austerities and penances. But those who have discovered the
>|greatest transcendental flavor in the movement of Lord
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu no longer have a taste for such
>|activities.
2780|Those who are under the impression that there is material
>|contamination in the form of the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead and in His devotional service are called Mayavadi.
>|According to their imperfect speculation, the impersonal
>|Brahman is considered to be the only existence in the
>|cosmic manifestation. As soon as the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead is introduced, they consider that His personality
>|arises from maya, or the external material energy. Such
>|persons consider all incarnations of the Supreme Lord to be
>|contaminated by this material nature. According to them,
>|the material body and the activities of matter which
>|identify the living entity are all material manifestations.
>|According to them, liberation means the end of individual
>|identification, or of the pure living entity. In other
>|words, the Mayavadis maintain that when a living entity is
>|liberated, he becomes one with the supreme impersonal
>|Brahman. According to such Mayavadi philosophy, the
>|Personality of Godhead, His abode, His devotional service
>|and His emotional devotees are all under the spell of maya
>|and are consequently subjected to the material condition.
>|Those who forget the transcendental nature of the Supreme
>|Lord, His abode, His devotional service and His devotees
>|consider all these to be but manifestations of material
>|activity. When one thinks that there is a possibility of
>|arguing about transcendence, he is called an agnostic, and
>|when he thinks that there is a possibility to criticize
>|transcendence, he is called an atheist. Lord Caitanya
>|wanted to accept all kinds of agnostics, atheists, skeptics
>|and unfaithfuls and swallow them in the flood of love of
>|God. Therefore He accepted the renounced order of life in
>|order to attract all these forces.
2781|Lord Caitanya remained a householder until His twenty-
>|fourth year, and in the twenty-fifth year of His life, He
>|accepted the renounced order. After accepting the renounced
>|order (sannyasa), He attracted many other sannyasis. When
>|He had been spreading the sankirtana movement as a family
>|man, many Mayavadi sannyasis did not take His movement very
>|seriously, but after the Lord accepted the sannyasa order
>|of life, He delivered speculative students, atheists and
>|those who are attached to fruitive activities and
>|unnecessary criticism. The Lord was so kind that He
>|accepted all these people and delivered to them the most
>|important factor in life: love of God.
2782|To fulfill His mission of bestowing love of God upon
>|conditioned souls, Lord Caitanya devised many methods to
>|attract those people disinterested in love of God. After He
>|accepted the renounced order, all agnostics, critics,
>|atheists and mental speculators became His students and
>|followers. Even many who were not Hindus and who did not
>|follow the Vedic principles accepted Lord Caitanya as the
>|supreme teacher. The only persons who avoided the mercy of
>|Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu were those sannyasis who were known
>|as the Mayavadi philosophers of Benares. The plight of such
>|Mayavadi philosophers is described by Sri Bhaktisiddhanta
>|Sarasvati Gosvami: "The Mayavadi philosophers of Benares
>|were less intelligent because they wanted to measure
>|everything by direct perception. But everything that is
>|perceived is calculated by material perception. The
>|Absolute Truth is transcendence, but according to them
>|there is no variegatedness in transcendence, for they say
>|that anything that is full of variegatedness is maya."
2783|During Caitanya Mahaprabhu's time there were also other
>|impersonalist philosophers known as the Mayavadi
>|philosophers of Saranatha. Saranatha is a place near
>|Benares where Buddhist philosophers used to reside, and
>|even today many stupas of the Buddhist Mayavadis can be
>|seen. The Mayavadi philosophers of Saranatha are different
>|from the impersonalists who believe in the impersonal
>|manifestation of Brahman. According to the Saranatha
>|philosophers, there is no spiritual existence at all. The
>|fact is that both the Mayavadi philosophers of Benares and
>|the philosophers of Saranatha are entrapped by material
>|nature. None of them actually know the nature of Absolute
>|Transcendence. Although superficially accepting the Vedic
>|principles and considering themselves to be
>|transcendentalists, the philosophers of Benares do not
>|accept spiritual variegatedness. Because they have no
>|information about devotional service, they are called
>|nondevotees, or those who are against the devotional
>|service of Lord Krsna.
2784|The impersonalists speculate on the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead and His devotees and subject them to the tests of
>|direct perception. However, the Lord, His devotee and His
>|devotional service are not subject to direct perception. In
>|other words, spiritual variegatedness is unknown to the
>|Mayavadi philosophy; therefore all the Mayavadi
>|philosophers and sannyasis criticized Lord Caitanya when He
>|was conducting His sankirtana movement. They were surprised
>|to see Lord Caitanya after He accepted His sannyasa order
>|from Kesava Bharati, for Kesava Bharati belonged to the
>|Mayavadi school. Since Lord Caitanya therefore belonged to
>|the Mayavadi sect of sannyasis, the Mayavadis were
>|surprised to see Him engaged in chanting and dancing
>|instead of hearing or reading Vedanta, as is the custom.
>|The Mayavadi philosophers are very fond of Vedanta, and
>|they misinterpret it in their own way. Instead of
>|understanding their own position, they criticized Lord
>|Caitanya as an unauthorized sannyasi, arguing that because
>|He was a sentimentalist, He was not actually a bona fide
>|sannyasi.
2785|All these criticisms were carried to Lord Caitanya when He
>|was at Benares, and He was not at all surprised at them. He
>|even smiled when the news was carried to Him. He did not
>|associate with the Mayavadi sannyasis but remained alone
>|and executed His own mission. After staying for some days
>|in Benares, He started for Mathura.
2786|TLC 18: The Conversations with Prakasananda
2787|Chapter Eighteen:
2788|The Conversations with Prakasananda
2789|According to the principles of the Mayavadi sannyasis,
>|singing, dancing and playing musical instruments are
>|strictly prohibited, for they are considered to be sinful
>|activities. The Mayavadi sannyasi is simply supposed to
>|engage in the study of Vedanta. Therefore when the Mayavadi
>|sannyasis in Benares saw that Lord Caitanya was indulging
>|in singing, dancing, playing musical instruments and always
>|chanting Hare Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna Krsna, Hare Hare/
>|Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare, they concluded
>|that He was not educated and that, out of sentiment, He was
>|misleading His followers. Sankaracarya's injunction was
>|that a sannyasi should always be engaged in the study of
>|Vedanta and that he should be satisfied by simply having
>|one cloth and nothing more. Because Lord Caitanya neither
>|studied Vedanta formally nor ceased from singing and
>|dancing He was criticized by all the sannyasis at Benares,
>|as well as by their householder followers.
2790|When Lord Caitanya received news of this criticism from His
>|students and disciples, He simply smiled and started for
>|Mathura and Vrndavana. When He returned again to Benares on
>|His way from Mathura to Jagannatha Puri, He stayed at the
>|house of Candrasekhara, who was considered a sudra because
>|he was a clerk. In spite of this, Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu
>|made His residence at his home. Lord Caitanya made no
>|distinctions between brahmanas and sudras; He accepted
>|anyone who was devoted. Customarily, a sannyasi is supposed
>|to take shelter and eat in the home of a brahmana, but
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu, as the independent Supreme Personality
>|of Godhead, used His own discretion and decided to stay at
>|Candrasekhara's house.
2791|In those days, by misusing their brahminical heritage, the
>|brahmanas passed a law to the effect that anyone not born
>|in a brahmana family was to be considered a sudra. Thus
>|even the ksatriyas and vaidyas were also considered sudras.
>|Because the vaidyas were supposed to be descendants of
>|brahmana fathers and sudra wives, they were sometimes
>|called sudras. Thus Candrasekhara Acarya, although born in
>|a vaidya family, was called a sudra in Benares. As long as
>|Lord Caitanya stayed in Benares, He remained at
>|Candrasekhara's home, and He took His food at the home of
>|Tapana Misra.
2792|When Sanatana Gosvami met Lord Caitanya at Benares, he
>|learned the process and principles of devotional service
>|during two months of continuous teaching. Lord Caitanya's
>|instructions to Sanatana Gosvami have been described in the
>|first part of this book. After receiving these teachings,
>|Sanatana Gosvami was authorized to propagate the principles
>|of devotional service and Srimad-Bhagavatam. It was during
>|this time that both Tapana Misra and Candrasekhara Acarya
>|were feeling very sorry about the strong criticism against
>|Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu, and they came together and prayed
>|for the Lord to meet the Mayavadi sannyasis.
2793|"We have been mortified by hearing unfavorable criticisms
>|from the Mayavadi sannyasis against You," they informed
>|Lord Caitanya. "Indeed, it has become intolerable for us."
>|They requested the Lord to do something so that these
>|criticisms might be stopped. While they were discussing
>|this subject, a brahmana came to Lord Caitanya and invited
>|Him to his home. All the sannyasis had been invited but
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu, and now the brahmana came to invite
>|Him. Knowing that the Lord did not associate with Mayavadi
>|sannyasis, the brahmana fell down at Caitanya Mahaprabhu's
>|feet and implored Him: "Although I know that You do not
>|accept invitations, I still implore You to come and take
>|prasada at my home with the other sannyasis. If You accept
>|this invitation, I will consider it a special favor."
2794|The Lord took this opportunity and accepted the brahmana's
>|invitation in order to meet the Mayavadi sannyasis.
>|Actually this was an arrangement made by the Lord Himself.
>|Although the brahmana who invited Him knew that the Lord
>|did not accept any invitations, he was still very eager to
>|invite Him.
2795|The next day Lord Caitanya went to the house of the
>|brahmana and saw that all the Mayavadi sannyasis were
>|sitting there. He offered His respects to all the sannyasis
>|as was customary, and then went to wash His feet. After
>|washing, He sat down beside the foot basin, a little
>|distance from the other sannyasis. While He was sitting
>|there, the sannyasis saw a glaring effulgence emanating
>|from His body. Being attracted by this glaring effulgence,
>|all the Mayavadi sannyasis stood up and showed Him their
>|respects. Amongst them was one sannyasi named Prakasananda
>|Sarasvati. He was the chief amongst the impersonalist
>|sannyasis, and he addressed Lord Caitanya with great
>|humility, asking Him to come and sit amongst them.
2796|"My dear Sir, why are You sitting in that filthy place?" he
>|asked. "Please come and sit with us."
2797|"Oh, I belong to an inferior sect of sannyasis," Lord
>|Caitanya replied. "Therefore I think that I should not sit
>|with you. Let Me remain down here."
2798|Prakasananda was surprised to hear such a thing from such a
>|learned man, and he actually took the Lord's hand and
>|requested Him to please come and sit with him. When Lord
>|Caitanya was finally seated amongst them, Prakasananda
>|Sarasvati said, "I think Your name is Sri Krsna Caitanya,
>|and I understand that You belong to our Mayavadi sect
>|because You have taken sannyasa from Kesava Bharati, who
>|belongs to the Sankaracarya sampradaya."
2799|According to the Sankara sect, there are ten different
>|names for sannyasis. Out of them, three names-Tirtha,
>|Asrama and Sarasvati-are given to the sannyasis considered
>|to be the most enlightened and cultured. Since Lord
>|Caitanya was a Vaisnava, He was naturally humble and meek,
>|and He wanted to give the better sitting place to
>|Prakasananda, who belonged to the Sarasvati sampradaya.
>|According to Sankara's principles, a brahmacari of the
>|Bharatic school is called Caitanya. However, although Sri
>|Krsna Caitanya Mahaprabhu took sannyasa, He kept His
>|brahmacari name and did not take up the title of Bharati.
2800|"Well, Sir," Prakasananda Sarasvati continued, "You belong
>|to our Sankara sect, and You are living in Benares-so why
>|don't You mix with us? What is the reason? Another thing-
>|You are a sannyasi and are supposed to engage simply in the
>|study of Vedanta, but we see that instead You are always
>|engaged in chanting and dancing and playing music. What is
>|the reason? These are the activities of emotional and
>|sentimental people but You are a qualified sannyasi. Why
>|not engage in the study of Vedanta? By Your effulgence it
>|appears to us that You are just like the Supreme Narayana,
>|the Personality of Godhead, but by Your behavior, You
>|appear to be otherwise. So we are inquisitive to know why
>|You act in this way."
2801|"My dear sir, My spiritual master considered Me a great
>|fool [Cc. Adi 7.71]," Lord Caitanya replied. "Therefore he
>|has more or less punished Me by saying that because I am
>|such a fool I have no capacity to study Vedanta. So in turn
>|he gave Me the chanting of Hare Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna
>|Krsna, Hare Hare/Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare.
>| My spiritual master told Me, 'Just go on chanting this
>|Hare Krsna mantra: it will make You all-perfect.' "
2802|Actually Lord Caitanya was neither foolish nor ignorant of
>|the principles of Vedanta. His purpose was to demonstrate
>|to modern society that fools who have no history of penance
>|and austerity should not try to study Vedanta just for some
>|recreational purpose. In His Siksastaka, Lord Caitanya said
>|that one should be in a humble state of mind, should think
>|himself lower than the grass on the street, should be more
>|tolerant than a tree, and should be devoid of all sense of
>|prestige and ready to offer all kinds of respects to others.
>| In such a state of mind, one can chant the Vedanta
>|philosophy or the holy name of God constantly. The Lord
>|also wanted to teach that a serious student of
>|transcendental science should follow the words of his
>|spiritual master. According to the calculations of the
>|spiritual master, Lord Caitanya appeared to be a fool;
>|therefore he said that He should not indulge in the study
>|of Vedanta but should continue chanting the Hare Krsna
>|mantra. Lord Caitanya strictly obeyed this order. In other
>|words, Lord Caitanya impressed on the Mayavadis that the
>|words of a bona fide spiritual master must be strictly
>|followed. By following them, one becomes perfect in all
>|respects.
2803|Vedanta indicates that the last word of Vedic knowledge is
>|the understanding of Krsna. Vedais ca sarvair aham eva
>|vedyo vedanta-krd veda-vid eva caham: "By all the Vedas am
>|I to be known; indeed, I am the compiler of Vedanta, and I
>|am the knower of the Vedas." (Bg. 15.15) When one actually
>|comes to understand the Vedanta, he comes to know Krsna and
>|his relationship with Krsna. One who understands Krsna,
>|understands everything. The knower of Krsna is always
>|engaged in the transcendental loving service of Krsna. This
>|is confirmed by the Lord Himself in Bhagavad-gita:
2804|aham sarvasya prabhavo
2805|mattah sarvam pravartate
2806|iti matva bhajante mam
2807|budha bhava-samanvitah
2808|"I am the source of all spiritual and material worlds.
>|Everything emanates from Me. The wise who know this
>|perfectly engage in My devotional service and worship Me
>|with all their hearts." (Bg. 10.8)
2809|A living entity is eternally related with Krsna in the
>|relationship of master and servant. Once that service is
>|wanting-or, in other words, when one is not situated in
>|Krsna consciousness-it is to be understood that study of
>|Vedanta is insufficient. When one does not understand Krsna
>|or does not engage in His transcendental loving service, it
>|is to be understood that he is adverse to the study of
>|Vedanta and to the understanding of the Supreme Personality
>|of Godhead. The path of Vedanta study shown by Lord
>|Caitanya should be followed by all. A person who is puffed
>|up by so-called education and who has no humility does not
>|seek the protection of a bona fide spiritual master. He
>|thinks that he does not require a spiritual master and that
>|he can achieve the highest perfection by his own efforts.
>|Such persons are not eligible for the study of Vedanta-
>|sutra. Those who are under the spell of material energy do
>|not follow the instructions of the disciplic succession but
>|try to manufacture something of their own and thereby step
>|outside the sphere of Vedanta study. A bona fide spiritual
>|master must always condemn such independent mental
>|speculators. If the bona fide spiritual master directly
>|points out the foolishness of a disciple, it should not be
>|taken otherwise.
2810|A person who is completely ignorant of the science of God
>|cannot be considered learned. More or less, everyone who is
>|not in Krsna consciousness is subject to foolishness.
>|Sometimes we display our foolishness by accepting someone
>|who is barely educated as a spiritual master. It is our
>|duty to understand the Supreme Personality of Godhead,
>|whose lotus feet are worshiped by all the Vedas. One who
>|does not understand Him and is proud of a false
>|understanding of Vedanta is actually a fool. Mundane
>|attempts at academic knowledge are simply another type of
>|foolishness. As long as one cannot understand the cosmic
>|manifestation as a representation of the three modes of
>|material nature, he must be considered to be in the
>|darkness of inebriety and caught in the duality of this
>|material world. A person who is in perfect knowledge of
>|Vedanta becomes a servitor of the Supreme Lord, who is the
>|maintainer and sustainer of the whole cosmic manifestation.
>|As long as one is not transcendental to the service of the
>|limited, he cannot have knowledge of Vedanta.
2811|As long as one is within the limited jurisdiction of
>|fruitive activities or is involved in mental speculation,
>|he may perhaps be eligible to study or teach the
>|theoretical knowledge of Vedanta-sutra, but he cannot
>|understand the supreme, eternal, transcendental (completely
>|liberated) vibration of Hare Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna Krsna,
>| Hare Hare/ Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare. One
>|who has achieved perfection in chanting the transcendental
>|Hare Krsna vibration does not have to separately learn the
>|philosophy of Vedanta-sutra. According to the teachings of
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu, the bona fide spiritual master, those
>|who do not understand the transcendental vibration as being
>|nondifferent from the Supreme and who try to become
>|Mayavadi philosophers or experts in Vedanta-sutra are all
>|fools. Studying Vedanta-sutra by one's own efforts (the
>|ascending process of knowledge) is another sign of
>|foolishness. He who has attained a taste for chanting the
>|transcendental vibration, however, actually attains the
>|conclusion of Vedanta. In this connection, there are two
>|verses in Srimad-Bhagavatam which are very instructive. The
>|purport of the first is that even if a low caste person is
>|engaged in chanting the transcendental vibration, it is to
>|be understood that he has performed all types of
>|renunciation, austerities and sacrifice and has studied all
>|the Brahma-sutras. Thus one can be able to chant Hare Krsna,
>| Hare Krsna, Krsna Krsna, Hare Hare/ Hare Rama, Hare Rama,
>|Rama Rama, Hare Hare. The purport of the second verse is
>|that one who chants the two syllables Ha-ri must be
>|considered to have studied all the Vedas: the Rg Veda,
>|Atharva Veda, Yajur Veda and Sama Veda.
2812|On the other hand, there are many so-called devotees who
>|think Vedanta is not meant for devotees. Such people are
>|ignorant of the fact that Vedanta is the only platform of
>|pure devotees. All the great acaryas of the four Vaisnava
>|sampradayas have made commentaries on the Vedanta-sutra,
>|but the so-called devotees known as prakrta-sahajiya
>|carefully avoid the study of Vedanta-sutra. The prakrta-
>|sahajiya mistakenly take the pure devotees and Vaisnava
>|acaryas to be mental speculators or fruitive actors.
>|Consequently they themselves become Mayavadis and leave the
>|service of the Supreme Lord.
2813|Understanding the Vedanta-sutra by academic knowledge never
>|enables one to understand the value of the transcendental
>|vibration. People who are entangled in academic knowledge
>|are conditioned souls who are confused about the facts of "
>|I", "mine" and "my" understanding. Consequently they are
>|unable to detach their minds from the external energy. When
>|a person actually attains transcendental knowledge, he
>|becomes free from this duality and engages in the
>|transcendental loving service of the Supreme Lord. The Lord'
>|s service is the only means by which one can become
>|detached from material activities. A person properly
>|initiated by a bona fide spiritual master and engaged in
>|chanting Hare Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna Krsna, Hare Hare/
>|Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare gradually
>|becomes freed from the conception of "I" and "mine" and
>|becomes attached to the Lord's transcendental loving
>|service in one of the five transcendental relationships.
>|Such transcendental service is not a subject matter for
>|gross and subtle bodies. Only when one can understand that
>|there is no difference between the Supreme and His name can
>|one be situated in Krsna consciousness. At such a time one
>|no longer needs to make grammatical adjustments. Rather,
>|one becomes more interested in petitioning the Lord: "Hare
>|Krsna-O my Lord, O energy of the Lord, please engage me in
>|Your service!"
2814|Lord Caitanya explained all this to Prakasananda Sarasvati
>|and told him that He had heard all this from His spiritual
>|master. He further informed Prakasananda Sarasvati that His
>|spiritual master had taught Him that Srimad-Bhagavatam is
>|the actual commentary on Vedanta-sutra, as stated in Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam by Vyasadeva, the author of Vedanta-sutra.
2815|A student is to be considered perfected when he understands
>|the identity of the holy name and the Supreme Lord. Unless
>|one is under the shelter of a realized spiritual master,
>|his understanding of the Supreme is simply foolishness.
>|However, one can fully understand the transcendental Lord
>|by service and devotion. When Lord Caitanya offenselessly
>|chanted the Hare Krsna mantra, He declared that the mantra
>|could at once deliver a conditioned soul from material
>|contamination. In this age of Kali there is no alternative
>|to chanting this maha-mantra. It is stated that the essence
>|of all Vedic literature is the chanting of this holy name
>|of Krsna: Hare Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna Krsna, Hare Hare/
>|Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare. Lord Caitanya
>|also told Prakasananda Sarasvati, "In order to convince Me
>|about this essential fact of Vedic knowledge, My spiritual
>|master has taught Me a verse from Brhan-naradiya Purana [38.
>|126]. Harer nama harer nama harer namaiva kevalam/ kalau
>|nasty eva nasty eva nasty eva gatir anyatha: [Cc. Adi 17.21]
>| In this age of quarrel and hypocrisy, the only means of
>|deliverance is the chanting of the holy name of the Lord.
>|There is no other way. There is no other way. There is no
>|other way."
2816|In three out of the four millenniums (namely Satya-yuga,
>|Treta-yuga and Dvapara-yuga) people had the honor to be
>|able to understand transcendence through the path of
>|disciplic succession. However, in the present age, people
>|have no interest in the disciplic succession. Instead, they
>|have invented many paths of logic and argument. This
>|individual attempt to understand the supreme transcendence (
>|called the ascending process) is not approved by the Vedas.
>|The Absolute Truth must descend from the absolute platform.
>|He is not to be understood by the ascending process. The
>|holy name of the Lord-Hare Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna Krsna,
>|Hare Hare/ Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare-is a
>|transcendental vibration because it comes from the
>|transcendental platform, the supreme abode of Krsna.
>|Because there is no difference between Krsna and His name,
>|the holy name of Krsna is as pure, perfect and liberated as
>|Krsna Himself. Academic scholars have no entrance by means
>|of logic and other argument into the understanding of the
>|transcendental nature of the holy name of God. The single
>|path in understanding the transcendental nature of Hare
>|Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna Krsna, Hare Hare/ Hare Rama, Hare
>|Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare is the chanting of these names
>|with faith and adherence. Such chanting will release one
>|from designated conditions arising from the gross and
>|subtle bodies.
2817|In this age of logic, argument and disagreement, the
>|chanting of Hare Krsna is the only means for self-
>|realization. Because this transcendental vibration alone
>|can deliver the conditioned soul, it is considered to be
>|the essence of the Vedanta-sutra. According to the material
>|conception, there is duality between the name, form,
>|quality, emotions and activities of a person and the person
>|himself, but as far as the transcendental vibration is
>|concerned, there is no such limitation, for it descends
>|from the spiritual world. In the spiritual world there is
>|no difference between the name of the person and the
>|quality of the person. Of course in the material world
>|there is a difference. Because the Mayavadi philosophers
>|cannot understand this, they cannot utter the
>|transcendental vibration.
2818|Lord Caitanya then told Prakasananda Sarasvati that because
>|He received the order from His spiritual master, He was
>|constantly chanting Hare Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna Krsna,
>|Hare Hare/ Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare. "As
>|a result of this chanting," the Lord said, "I sometimes
>|become very impatient and cannot restrain Myself from
>|dancing and laughing or crying and singing. Indeed, I
>|become just like a madman. When I first wondered whether I
>|had become mad by chanting this Hare Krsna, Hare Krsna,
>|Krsna Krsna, Hare Hare/ Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama,
>|Hare Hare, I approached My spiritual master and informed
>|him that I had gone mad by chanting Hare Krsna, Hare Krsna,
>|Krsna Krsna, Hare Hare/ Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama,
>|Hare Hare. Thus I asked him what was My actual position."
2819|In the Narada-pancaratra it is stated:
2820|eso vedah sad-angani
2821|chandamsi vividhah surah
2822|sarvam astaksarantahstham
2823|yac canyad api vanmayam
2824|sarva-vedanta-sararthah
2825|samsararnava-taranah
2826|"All Vedic rituals, mantras and understanding are
>|compressed into eight words: Hare Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna
>|Krsna, Hare Hare." Similarly, in the Kalisantarana Upanisad
>|it is stated:
2827|hare krsna hare krsna
2828|krsna krsna hare hare
2829|hare rama hare rama
2830|rama rama hare hare
2831|iti sodasakam namnam
2832|kali-kalmasa-nasanam
2833|natah parataropayah
2834|sarva-vedesu drsyate
2835|"The sixteen words-Hare Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna Krsna,
>|Hare Hare/ Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare-are
>|especially meant for counteracting the contaminations of
>|Kali. To save oneself from the contamination of Kali, there
>|is no alternative but the chanting of these sixteen words."
2836|Lord Caitanya informed Prakasananda Sarasvati that when His
>|spiritual master understood Him, he said, "It is the
>|transcendental nature of the holy names of Hare Krsna, Hare
>|Krsna, Krsna Krsna, Hare Hare/ Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama
>|Rama, Hare Hare to transport a man into spiritual madness.
>|Anyone who sincerely chants this holy name very soon
>|attains elevation to the platform of love of God and
>|becomes mad after God. This madness arising from love of
>|God is the first perfectional stage for a human being."
2837|Generally a human being is interested in religion, economic
>|development, sense gratification and liberation, but love
>|of God is above all these. A bona fide spiritual master
>|chants the holy names-Hare Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna Krsna,
>|Hare Hare/ Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare-and
>|the transcendental sound vibration enters into the ear of
>|the disciple, and if a disciple follows in the footsteps of
>|his spiritual master and chants the holy name with similar
>|respect, he actually comes to worship the transcendental
>|name. When the transcendental name is worshiped by the
>|devotee, the name Himself spreads His glories within the
>|heart of a devotee. When a devotee is perfectly qualified
>|in chanting the transcendental vibration of the holy name,
>|he is quite fit to become a spiritual master and to deliver
>|all the people of the world. The chanting of the holy name
>|is so powerful that it gradually establishes its supremacy
>|above everything in the world. The devotee who chants it
>|becomes transcendentally situated in ecstasy and sometimes
>|laughs, cries and dances in his ecstasy. Sometimes the
>|unintelligent put hindrances in the path of chanting this
>|maha-mantra, but one who is situated on the platform of
>|love of Godhead chants the holy name loudly for all
>|concerned. As a result, everyone becomes initiated in the
>|chanting of the holy names-Hare Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna
>|Krsna, Hare Hare/ Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare
>|Hare. By chanting and hearing the holy names of Krsna, a
>|person can remember the forms and qualities of Krsna.
2838|TLC 19: Further Talks with Prakasananda
2839|Chapter Nineteen:
2840|Further Talks with Prakasananda
2841|The transcendental ecstatic attachment for Krsna which
>|results from perfectly understanding that Krsna's person
>|and name are identical is called bhava. One who has
>|attained bhava is certainly not contaminated by material
>|nature. He actually enjoys transcendental pleasure from
>|bhava, and when bhava is intensified, it is called love of
>|Godhead. Lord Caitanya told Prakasananda Sarasvati that the
>|holy name of Krsna, called the maha-mantra (great chanting),
>| enables anyone who chants it to attain the stage of love
>|of Godhead, or intensified bhava. Such love of Godhead is
>|the ultimate human necessity, for when one compares it with
>|other necessities (namely religion, economic development,
>|sense gratification and liberation), these other so-called
>|necessities seem most insignificant. When one is absorbed
>|in temporary designated existence, he hankers after sense
>|gratification and liberation. However, love of Godhead is
>|the eternal nature of the soul; it is unchangeable,
>|beginningless and endless. Therefore temporary sense
>|gratification or a desire for liberation cannot compare
>|with the transcendental nature of love of God. Love of God
>|is the fifth dimension in the human endeavor. Compared with
>|the ocean of love of transcendental pleasure, the
>|conception of impersonal Brahman is no more significant
>|than a drop of water.
2842|Lord Caitanya next explained that His spiritual master had
>|confirmed the validity of His ecstasy which resulted from
>|His chanting the holy name of God and also confirmed that
>|the essence of all Vedic literature is the attainment of
>|love of Godhead. Lord Caitanya's spiritual master had said
>|that the Lord was fortunate enough to have attained love of
>|Godhead. By attaining such transcendental love, one's heart
>|becomes very anxious to attain direct contact with the Lord.
>| Feeling such transcendental sentiment, one sometimes
>|laughs and sometimes cries, sings and dances like a madman,
>|and sometimes traverses hither and thither. In this way
>|there are various ecstatic symptoms evinced: crying,
>|changing bodily color, madness, bereavement, silence, pride,
>| ecstasy and gentleness. Frequently the person in love with
>|God dances, and such dancing places him in the ocean of the
>|nectar of love of Krsna.
2843|Lord Caitanya said that His spiritual master told Him: "It
>|is very good that You have attained such a perfectional
>|stage of love of Godhead. Because of Your attainment, I am
>|very much obliged to You." The father becomes more
>|enlivened when he sees his son advance beyond himself.
>|Similarly, the spiritual master takes more pleasure in
>|seeing his disciple advance than in advancing himself. Thus
>|Lord Caitanya's spiritual master blessed Him, telling Him
>|to "dance, sing, propagate this sankirtana movement, and by
>|instructing people about Krsna, try to deliver them from
>|nescience." Lord Caitanya's spiritual master also taught
>|Him the following verse from Srimad-Bhagavatam (11.2.40):
2844|evam-vratah sva-priya-nama-kirtya
2845|jatanurago druta-citta uccaih
2846|hasaty atho roditi rauti gayaty
2847|unmada-van nrtyati loka-bahyah
2848|"A person who is constantly engaged in devotional service
>|to Krsna and who chants His holy name becomes so
>|transcendentally attached to the chanting that his heart
>|becomes softened without extraneous endeavor. When this
>|happens, he exhibits transcendental ecstasies and sometimes
>|laughs, sometimes cries, sings and dances-not exactly in an
>|artistic way, but just like a madman."
2849|Lord Caitanya further informed Prakasananda Sarasvati: "
>|Because I have full faith in My spiritual master's words, I
>|am always engaged in chanting Hare Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna
>|Krsna, Hare Hare/ Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare
>|Hare. I do not exactly know how I have become just like a
>|madman, but I believe the name of Krsna has induced Me. I
>|realize that the transcendental pleasure derived from
>|chanting Hare Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna Krsna, Hare Hare/
>|Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare is just like an
>|ocean. In comparison, all other pleasures, including the
>|pleasure of impersonal realization, are like shallow water
>|in channels."
2850|It appears from the talks of Lord Caitanya that a person
>|who cannot keep his faith in the words of the spiritual
>|master and who acts independently cannot attain the desired
>|success in chanting Hare Krsna. In the Vedic literatures it
>|is stated that the import of all transcendental literature
>|is revealed to one who has unflinching faith in the Supreme
>|Lord and his spiritual master. Lord Caitanya firmly
>|believed in the statements of His spiritual master, and He
>|never neglected the instructions of His spiritual master by
>|stopping His sankirtana movement. Thus the transcendental
>|potency of the holy name encouraged Him more and more in
>|chanting Hare Krsna, the maha-mantra.
2851|Lord Caitanya immediately informed Prakasananda that in the
>|modern age people in general are more or less bereft of all
>|spiritual intellect. When such people come under the
>|influence of Sankaracarya's Mayavadi (impersonalist)
>|philosophy before beginning the most confidential Vedanta-
>|sutras, their natural tendency toward obedience to the
>|Supreme is checked. The supreme source of everything is
>|naturally respected by everyone, but this natural tendency
>|is hampered when one takes to the impersonalist conceptions
>|of Sankara. Thus the spiritual master of Lord Caitanya
>|suggested that it is better that one not study the Sariraka-
>|bhasya of Sankaracarya, for it is very harmful to people in
>|general. Indeed, the common man does not even have the
>|intelligence to penetrate into the jugglery of words. He is
>|better advised to chant the maha-mantra: Hare Krsna, Hare
>|Krsna, Krsna Krsna, Hare Hare/ Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama
>|Rama, Hare Hare. In this quarrelsome age of Kali there is
>|no alternative for self-realization.
2852|After hearing the arguments and talks of Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu, all the Mayavadi sannyasis who were present
>|became pacified and replied with sweet words: "Dear sir,
>|what You have spoken is all true. A person who attains love
>|of Godhead is certainly very fortunate, and undoubtedly You
>|are very fortunate to have attained this stage. But what is
>|the fault in Vedanta? It is the duty of a sannyasi to read
>|and understand Vedanta. Why do You not study it?"
2853|According to Mayavadi philosophers, Vedanta refers to the
>|Sariraka commentary of Sankaracarya. When impersonal
>|philosophers refer to Vedanta and the Upanisads, they are
>|actually referring to the commentaries of Sankaracarya, the
>|greatest teacher of Mayavadi philosophy. After Sankaracarya
>|came Sadananda-yogi, who claimed that the Vedanta and
>|Upanisads should be understood through the commentaries of
>|Sankaracarya. Factually, this is not so. There are many
>|commentaries on Vedanta and the Upanisads made by the
>|Vaisnava acaryas, and these are preferred to those of
>|Sankaracarya. However, the Mayavadi philosophers influenced
>|by Sankaracarya do not attribute any importance to the
>|Vaisnava understandings.
2854|There are four different sects of Vaisnava acaryas-the
>|Suddhadvaita, Visistadvaita, Dvaitadvaita and Acintya-
>|bhedabheda. All the Vaisnava acaryas in these schools have
>|written commentaries on the Vedanta-sutra, but the Mayavadi
>|philosophers do not recognize them. The Mayavadis
>|distinguish between Krsna and Krsna's body, and therefore
>|they do not recognize the worship of Krsna by the Vaisnava
>|philosophers. Thus when the Mayavadi sannyasis asked Lord
>|Caitanya why He did not study the Vedanta-sutra, the Lord
>|replied, "Dear sirs, you have asked why I do not study
>|Vedanta, and in answer to this I would speak something, but
>|I am afraid that you would be sorry to hear it."
2855|"We shall be very much pleased to hear You," all the
>|sannyasis replied. "You appear just like Narayana, and Your
>|speeches are so nice that we are taking great pleasure in
>|them. We are very much obliged to see and hear You.
>|Therefore we shall be very glad to hear patiently and
>|accept whatever You say."
2856|The Lord then began to speak on Vedanta philosophy as
>|follows: Vedanta-sutra is spoken by the Supreme Lord
>|Himself. The Supreme Lord, in His incarnation as Vyasadeva,
>|has compiled this great philosophical treatise. Since
>|Vyasadeva is an incarnation of the Supreme Lord, he cannot
>|be likened to an ordinary person, who has the four defects
>|which arise due to contact with material existence. The
>|defects of a conditioned soul are: (1) he must commit
>|mistakes; (2) he must be illusioned; (3) he must possess
>|the tendency to cheat others; and (4) all his senses must
>|be imperfect. We must understand that the incarnation of
>|God is transcendental to all these defects. Thus whatever
>|has been spoken and written by Vyasadeva is considered to
>|be perfect. The Upanisads and Vedanta-sutra aim at the same
>|goal: the Supreme Absolute Truth. When we accept the import
>|of Vedanta-sutra and the Upanisads directly as they are
>|stated, we become glorified. The commentaries made by
>|Sankaracarya, however, are indirect and are very dangerous
>|for the common man to read, for by understanding the import
>|of the Upanisads in such an indirect, disruptive way, one
>|practically bars himself from spiritual realization.
2857|According to the Skanda and Vayu Puranas, the word sutra
>|refers to a condensed work which carries meaning and import
>|of immeasurable strength without mistake or fault. The word
>|vedanta means "the end of Vedic knowledge." In other words,
>|any book which deals with the subject matter indicated by
>|all the Vedas is called Vedanta. For example, Bhagavad-gita
>|is Vedanta because in Bhagavad-gita the Lord says that the
>|ultimate goal of all Vedic research is Krsna. Thus Bhagavad-
>|gita and Srimad-Bhagavatam, which aim only at Krsna, are to
>|be understood to be Vedanta.
2858|In transcendental realization there are three divisions of
>|knowledge called prasthana-traya. That department of
>|knowledge which is proved by Vedic instruction (like the
>|Upanisads) is called sruti-prasthana. Authoritative books
>|indicating the ultimate goal and written by liberated souls
>|like Vyasadeva (for example, Bhagavad-gita, Mahabharata and
>|the Puranas, especially Srimad-Bhagavatam, the Maha-Purana)
>|are called smrti-prasthana. From Vedic literatures we
>|understand that the Vedas originated from the breathing of
>|Narayana. Vyasadeva, who is an incarnation of the power of
>|Narayana, has compiled the Vedanta-sutra (nyaya-prasthana),
>|but according to Sankara's commentaries, Apantaratama Rsi
>|is also accredited with having compiled the codes of
>|Vedanta-sutra. According to Lord Caitanya, the codes of the
>|Pancaratra and the codes of Vedanta are one and the same.
>|Since the Vedanta-sutra is compiled by Vyasadeva, it should
>|be understood to be spoken by Narayana Himself. From all
>|descriptive literatures dealing with Vedanta-sutra, it
>|appears that there were many other rsis contemporary with
>|Vyasadeva who also discussed Vedanta-sutra. These sages
>|were Atreya, Asmarathya, Audulomi, Karsnajini, Kasakrtsna,
>|Jaimini, Badari and other sages such as Parasari and
>|Karmandi.
2859|Actually in the first two chapters of Vedanta-sutra the
>|relationship between the living entities and the Supreme
>|Lord is explained, and in the Third Chapter the discharge
>|of devotional service is explained. The Fourth Chapter
>|deals with the relationship which results from discharging
>|devotional service. The natural commentary on Vedanta-sutra
>|is Srimad-Bhagavatam. The great acaryas of the four
>|Vaisnava communities (sampradayas)-namely, Ramanujacarya,
>|Madhvacarya, Visnu Svami and Nimbarka-have also written
>|commentaries on Vedanta-sutra by following the principles
>|of Srimad-Bhagavatam. At present the followers of all the
>|acaryas have written many books following the principles of
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam as the commentary on the Vedanta. Sankara'
>|s commentary on Vedanta-sutra, known as Sariraka-bhasya, is
>|very much adored by the impersonalist scholars, but
>|commentaries written on the Vedanta written from the
>|materialistic point of view are completely adverse to the
>|transcendental service of the Lord. Consequently Lord
>|Caitanya said that direct commentaries on the Upanisads and
>|Vedanta-sutra are glorious, but that anyone who follows the
>|indirect path of Sankaracarya's Sariraka-bhasya is
>|certainly doomed.
2860|Lord Caitanya admitted that Sankaracarya was an incarnation
>|of Lord Siva, and it is known that Lord Siva is one of the
>|greatest devotees (a mahajana) of the Bhagavata school.
>|There are twelve great authorities on devotional service,
>|and Lord Siva is one of them. Why, then, did he adopt the
>|process of Mayavadi philosophy? The answer is given in
>|Padma Purana, where Lord Siva states:
2861|mayavadam asac-chastram
2862|pracchannam bauddham ucyate
2863|mayaiva kalpitam devi
2864|kalau brahmana-rupina
2865|"The Mayavadi philosophy is veiled Buddhism." In other
>|words, the voidist philosophy of Buddha is more or less
>|repeated in the Mayavadi philosophy of impersonalism,
>|although the Mayavadi philosophy claims to be directed by
>|the Vedic conclusions. Lord Siva, however, admits that this
>|philosophy is manufactured by him in the age of Kali in
>|order to mislead the atheists. "Actually the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead has His transcendental body," Lord
>|Siva states. "But I describe the Supreme as impersonal. I
>|also explain the Vedanta-sutra according to the same
>|principles of Mayavadi philosophy."
2866|In the Siva Purana the Supreme Lord says:
2867|dvaparadau yuge bhutva
2868|kalaya manusadisu
2869|svagamaih kalpitais tvam ca
2870|janan mad-vimukhan kuru
2871|"In the beginning of the Dvapara-yuga, directed by My
>|orders, many sages will bewilder the people in general by
>|Mayavadi philosophy." In the Padma Purana Lord Siva
>|personally tells Bhagavatidevi:
2872|srnu devi paraksyami
2873|tamasani yatha-kramam
2874|yesam sravana-matrena
2875|patityam jnaninam api
2876|apartham sruti-vakyanam
2877|darsayal loka-garhitam
2878|karma-svarupa-tyajyatvam
2879|atra ca pratipadyate
2880|sarva-karma-paribhramsan
2881|naiskarmyam tatra cocyate
2882|paratma jivayor aikyam
2883|mayatra pratipadyate
2884|"My dear Devi, sometimes I teach Mayavadi philosophy for
>|those who are engrossed in the mode of ignorance. But if a
>|person in the mode of goodness happens to hear this
>|Mayavadi philosophy, he falls down, for when teaching
>|Mayavadi philosophy, I say that the living entity and the
>|Supreme Lord are one and the same."
2885|Sadananda-yogi, one of the greatest Mayavadi acaryas, has
>|written in his book, Vedanta-sara: "The Absolute Truth of
>|eternity, knowledge and bliss is Brahman. Ignorance and all
>|products of ignorance are non-Brahman. All products of the
>|three modes of material nature are covered by ignorance,
>|and all are different from the supreme cause and effect.
>|This ignorance is manifested in a collective and individual
>|sense. Collective ignorance is called visuddha-sattva-
>|pradhana. When that visuddha-sattva-pradhana is manifest
>|within the ignorance of material nature, it is called the
>|Lord, and the Lord manifests all kinds of ignorance.
>|Therefore He is known as sarvajna." Thus according to
>|Mayavadi philosophy, the Lord is a product of this material
>|nature, and the living entity is in the lowest stage of
>|ignorance. That is the sum and substance of Mayavadi
>|philosophy.
2886|If, however, we accept the import of the Upanisads directly,
>| it is clear that the Supreme Personality of Godhead is a
>|person with unlimited potency. For example, in the
>|Svetasvatara Upanisad it is stated that the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead is the origin of everything and that
>|He has multiple potencies. The Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead is transcendental to the cosmic manifestation. He
>|is the origin of all religion, the supreme deliverer and
>|the possessor of all opulences. The Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead, who is just like the sun, profusely distributes
>|His energies while situated beyond the cloud of this
>|material cosmic manifestation. He is the master of masters,
>|and He is the Supreme of the supremes. He is known as the
>|greatest Lord, the Personality of Godhead. His energies and
>|potencies are multiple and variously distributed. It is
>|also stated that Visnu is the Supreme and that saintly
>|persons are always anxious to see His lotus feet (Rg Veda 1.
>|22.20). In the Aitareya Upanisad it is also stated that the
>|cosmic manifestation came about when the Lord glanced over
>|material nature (1.1.1-2). This is also verified by the
>|Prasna Upanisad (6.3).
2887|In the negative descriptions of the Lord which occur in
>|Vedic literature (as in apani-padah) there are indications
>|that the Lord has no material body and no material form.
>|However, He does have His spiritual transcendental body and
>|His transcendental form. Because the Mayavadi philosophers
>|misunderstand His transcendental nature, they explain Him
>|as impersonal. The Lord's name, form, quality, entourage
>|and abode are all in the transcendental world. How can He
>|be a transformation of this material nature? Everything
>|connected with the Supreme Lord is eternal, blissful and
>|full of knowledge.
2888|In effect, Sankaracarya preached Mayavadi philosophy in
>|order to bewilder a certain type of atheist. Actually he
>|never considered the Supreme Lord, the Personality of
>|Godhead, to be impersonal or to have no body or form. It is
>|best for intelligent persons to avoid lectures on Mayavadi
>|philosophy. We should understand that the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead Visnu is not impersonal. He is a
>|transcendental person, and the basic principle of the
>|cosmic manifestation is His energy. Mayavadi philosophy
>|cannot trace the energy of the Supreme Lord, but all Vedic
>|literatures give evidence of the Supreme Lord's various
>|energetic manifestations. Visnu is not a product of
>|material nature, but material nature is a product of Visnu'
>|s potency. The Mayavadi philosophers understand Visnu to be
>|a product of material nature, but if Visnu is a product of
>|material nature, He can only be counted amongst the
>|demigods. One who considers Visnu to be a demigod is
>|certainly mistaken and misled. How this is so is explained
>|in Bhagavad-gita: "Deluded by the three modes, the whole
>|world does not know Me who am above the modes and
>|inexhaustible. This divine energy of Mine, consisting of
>|the three modes of material nature, is difficult to
>|overcome, but those who have surrendered unto Me can easily
>|cross beyond it." (Bg. 7.13-14)
2889|TLC 20: The Goal of Vedanta Study
2890|Chapter Twenty:
2891|The Goal of Vedanta Study
2892|It is concluded that Lord Krsna, or Visnu, is not of this
>|material world. He belongs to the spiritual world. One who
>|considers Him to be a material demigod is a great offender
>|and blasphemer. Lord Visnu is not subject to perception by
>|material senses, nor can He be realized by mental
>|speculation. There is no difference between the body and
>|soul of the Supreme Lord Visnu, although in the material
>|world there is always a difference between the body and the
>|soul.
2893|Things material are enjoyed by the living entities because
>|the living entities are superior, whereas material nature
>|is of inferior quality. Thus the superior quality, the
>|living entities, can enjoy the inferior quality, matter.
>|Because Lord Visnu is in no way touched by matter, He is
>|not subject to enjoy material nature the way the living
>|entities do. The living entities cannot attain knowledge of
>|Visnu by enjoying their habits of mental speculation. The
>|infinitesimal living entities are not the enjoyers of Visnu,
>| but they are enjoyed by Visnu. Only the greatest offender
>|thinks that Visnu is enjoyed. The greatest blasphemy is to
>|consider Visnu and the living entity on the same level.
2894|The Supreme Absolute Truth, the Personality of Godhead, is
>|compared to a blazing fire, and the innumerable living
>|entities are compared to sparks emanating from that fire.
>|Although both the Supreme Lord and the living entities are
>|qualitatively fire, there is yet a distinction. Visnu the
>|Supreme is infinite, whereas the living entities, which are
>|but sparks, are infinitesimal. The infinitesimal living
>|entities are emanations from the original infinite spirit.
>|In their constitutional position as infinitesimal spirits,
>|there is no trace of matter.
2895|The living entities are not as great as Narayana, Visnu,
>|who is beyond this material creation. Even Sankaracarya
>|accepts Narayana to be beyond the material creation. Since
>|neither Visnu nor the living entity are of the material
>|creation, someone may inquire, "Why were the small
>|particles of spirit created at all?" The answer is that the
>|Supreme Absolute Truth is complete in His perfection when
>|He is both infinite and infinitesimal. If He is simply
>|infinite and is not infinitesimal, He is not perfect. The
>|infinite portion is the Visnu-tattva, or the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead, and the infinitesimal portion is
>|the living entity.
2896|Due to the infinite desires of the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead, there is existence in the spiritual world, and due
>|to the infinitesimal desires of the living entity, there is
>|existence in the material world. When the infinitesimal
>|living entities are engaged in their infinitesimal desires
>|for material enjoyment, they are called jiva-sakti, but
>|when they are dovetailed with the infinite, they are called
>|liberated souls. There is no need to ask, therefore, why
>|God created the infinitesimal portions; they are simply the
>|complementary side of the Supreme. It is doubtlessly
>|essential for the infinite to have infinitesimal portions
>|which are inseparable parts and parcels of the supreme soul.
>| Because the living entities are infinitesimal parts and
>|parcels of the Supreme, there is a reciprocation of
>|feelings between the infinite and the infinitesimal. Had
>|there been no infinitesimal living entities, the Supreme
>|Lord would have been inactive, and there would not be
>|variegatedness in spiritual life. There is no meaning to a
>|king if there are no subjects, and there is no meaning to
>|the Supreme God if there are no infinitesimal living
>|entities. How can there be meaning to the word "lord" if
>|there is no one to overlord? The conclusion is that the
>|living entities are considered to be expansions of the
>|energy of the Supreme Lord, and the Supreme Lord, the
>|Personality of Godhead, Krsna, is the energetic.
2897|In all Vedic literatures, including Bhagavad-gita and Visnu
>|Purana, much evidence is given to distinguish between the
>|energy and the energetic. In Bhagavad-gita (Bg. 7.4) it is
>|clearly stated that earth, water, fire, air and ether are
>|the five principal gross elements of the material world and
>|that mind, intelligence and false ego are the three subtle
>|elements. All material nature is divided into these eight
>|elements which together comprise the inferior nature, or
>|energy, of the Lord. Another name for this inferior nature
>|is maya, or illusion. Beyond these eight inferior elements
>|there is a superior energy, which is called para-prakrti.
>|That para-prakrti is the living entity, who is found in
>|great numbers throughout the material world. He is
>|indicated in Bhagavad-gita (Bg. 7.5) as jiva-bhutam. The
>|purport is that the Supreme Lord is the Absolute Truth, the
>|energetic, and as such He has His energies. When His energy
>|is not properly manifested, or when it is covered by some
>|shadow, it is called maya-sakti. The material cosmic
>|manifestation is a product of that covered maya-sakti.
2898|The living entities are factually beyond this covered
>|inferior energy. They have their pure spiritual existence
>|and their pure identity, as well as their pure mental
>|activities. All of them are beyond the manifestation of
>|this material cosmos. Although the living entity's mind,
>|intelligence and identity are beyond the range of this
>|material world, when he enters into this material world due
>|to his desire to dominate matter, his original mind,
>|intelligence and body become covered by the material energy.
>| When he is again uncovered from these material or inferior
>|energies, he is called liberated. When he is liberated, he
>|has no false ego, but his real ego again comes into
>|existence. Foolish mental speculators think that after
>|liberation one's identity is lost, but that is not so.
>|Because the living entity is eternally part and parcel of
>|God, when he is liberated, he revives his original, eternal,
>| part-and-parcel identity. The realization of aham
>|brahmasmi ("I am not this body") does not mean that the
>|living entity loses his identity. At the present moment a
>|person may consider himself to be matter, but in his
>|liberated state he will understand that he is not matter
>|but spirit soul, part of the infinite. To become Krsna
>|conscious or spiritually conscious and to engage in the
>|transcendental loving service of Krsna are signs of the
>|liberated stage. In the Visnu Purana (6.7.61) it is clearly
>|stated:
2899|visnu-saktih para prokta
2900|ksetra-jnakhya tatha para
2901|avidya-karma-samjnanya
2902|trtiya saktir isyate
2903| [Cc. Madhya 6.154]
2904|"The energy of the Supreme Lord is divided into three: para,
>| ksetrajna and avidya." The para energy is actually the
>|energy of the Supreme Lord Himself; the ksetrajna energy is
>|the living entity; and the avidya energy is the material
>|world, or maya. It is called avidya, or ignorance, because
>|under the spell of this material energy one forgets his
>|actual position and his relationship with the Supreme Lord.
>|The conclusion is that the living entities represent one of
>|the energies of the Supreme Lord, and as infinitesimal
>|parts and parcels of the Supreme, they are called jivas. If
>|the jivas are artificially placed on the same level with
>|the infinite Supreme-for both of them are Brahman, or
>|spirit-bewilderment will certainly be the result.
2905|Generally Mayavadi philosophers are perplexed before a
>|learned Vaisnava because the Mayavadis cannot explain the
>|cause of bondage of the living entities. They simply say, "
>|It is due to ignorance," but they cannot explain why the
>|living entities are covered by ignorance if they are
>|supreme. The actual reason is that the living entities,
>|although qualitatively one with the Supreme, are
>|infinitesimal, and not infinite. Had they been infinite,
>|there would have been no possibility of their being covered
>|by ignorance. Because the living entity is infinitesimal,
>|he is covered by an inferior energy. The foolishness and
>|ignorance of the Mayavadis are revealed when they try to
>|explain how it is the infinite is covered by ignorance. It
>|is offensive to attempt to qualify the infinite as being
>|subject to the spell of ignorance.
2906|Although Sankara was attempting to cover the Supreme Lord
>|by his Mayavadi philosophy, he was simply following the
>|order of the Supreme Lord. It should be understood that his
>|teachings were a timely necessity but not a permanent fact.
>|In the Vedanta-sutra the distinction between the energy and
>|the energetic is accepted from the very beginning. In that
>|Vedanta-sutra the first aphorism (janmady asya [SB 1.1.1])
>|clearly explains that the Supreme Absolute Truth is the
>|origin or source of all emanations. Thus the emanations are
>|the energy of the Supreme, whereas the Supreme Himself is
>|the energetic. Sankara has falsely argued that if the
>|transformation of energy is accepted, the Supreme Absolute
>|Truth cannot remain immutable. But this is not true.
>|Despite the fact that unlimited energy is always being
>|generated, the Supreme Absolute Truth remains always the
>|same. He is not affected by the emanation of unlimited
>|energies. Sankaracarya has therefore incorrectly
>|established his theory of illusion.
2907|Ramanujacarya has discussed this point very nicely: "If you
>|argue that before the creation of this material world there
>|was only one Absolute Truth, then how is it possible that
>|the living entity emanated from Him? If He were alone, how
>|could He have produced or generated the infinitesimal
>|living entities?" In answer to this question, the Vedas
>|state that everything is generated from the Absolute Truth,
>|everything is maintained by the Absolute Truth, and, after
>|annihilation, everything enters into the Absolute Truth.
>|From this statement it is clear that the living entities
>|enter into the supreme existence when they are liberated,
>|and they do not change their original constitutional
>|position.
2908|We must always remember that the Supreme Lord has His
>|creative function and that the infinitesimal living
>|entities have their creative functions also. It is not that
>|their creative function is lost when they are liberated and
>|enter into the Supreme after the dissolution of the
>|material body. On the contrary, the creative function of
>|the living entity is properly manifested in the liberated
>|state. If the living entity's activities are manifest even
>|when he is materially conditioned, then how is it possible
>|for his activities to stop when he attains liberation? The
>|living entity's entering the state of liberation may be
>|compared to a bird entering a tree, or an animal entering
>|the forest, or a plane entering the sky. In no case is
>|identity lost.
2909|When explaining the first aphorism of the Vedanta-sutra,
>|Sankara most unceremoniously tried to explain that Brahman,
>|or the Supreme Absolute Truth, is impersonal. He also
>|cunningly tried to switch the doctrine of by-product into
>|the doctrine of change. For the Supreme Absolute Truth,
>|there is no change. It is simply that a by-product results
>|from His inconceivable powers of action. In other words, a
>|relative truth is produced out of the Supreme Truth. When a
>|chair is produced out of crude wood, it is said that a by-
>|product is produced. The Supreme Absolute Truth, Brahman,
>|is immutable, and when we find a by-product-the living
>|entity or this cosmic manifestation-it is a transformation,
>|or a by-product of the Supreme. It is like milk being
>|transformed into yogurt. In this way, if we study the
>|living entities in the cosmic manifestation, it will appear
>|that they are not different from the original Absolute
>|Truth, but from Vedic literatures we understand that the
>|Absolute Truth has varieties of energy and that the living
>|entities and the cosmic manifestation are but a
>|demonstration of His energies. The energies are not
>|separate from the energetic; therefore the living entity
>|and cosmic manifestation are inseparable truths, part of
>|the Absolute Truth. Such a conclusion regarding the
>|Absolute Truth and the relative truth should be acceptable
>|to any sane man.
2910|The Supreme Absolute Truth has His inconceivable potency,
>|out of which this cosmos has been manifested. In other
>|words, the Supreme Absolute Truth is the ingredient, and
>|the living entity and cosmic manifestation are the by-
>|products. In the Taittiriya Upanisad it is clearly stated,
>|yato va imani bhutani jayante: "The Absolute Truth is the
>|original reservoir of all ingredients, and this material
>|world and its living entities are produced from those
>|ingredients."
2911|Unintelligent persons who cannot understand this doctrine
>|of byproducts cannot grasp how the cosmic manifestation and
>|the living entity are simultaneously one and different from
>|the Absolute Truth. Not understanding this, one concludes,
>|out of fear, that this cosmic manifestation and the living
>|entity are false. Sankaracarya gives the example of a rope
>|being mistaken for a snake, and sometimes the example of
>|mistaking an oyster shell for gold is cited, but surely
>|such arguments are ways of cheating. As mentioned in the
>|Mandukya Upanisad, the rope for a snake and the oyster for
>|gold examples have their different applications and can be
>|understood as follows. The living entity in his original
>|constitutional position is pure spirit. When a human being
>|identifies himself with the material body, he may be said
>|to be mistaking a rope for a snake, or an oyster shell for
>|gold. The doctrine of transformation is accepted when one
>|thing is mistaken for another. Actually the body is not the
>|living entity, but the doctrine of transformation accepts
>|the body as the living entity. Every conditioned soul is
>|undoubtedly contaminated by this doctrine of transformation.
2912|The conditional state of the living entity is his diseased
>|condition. Originally the living entity and the original
>|cause of this cosmic manifestation exist outside the state
>|of transformation. However, mistaken thoughts and arguments
>|can overcome a person when he forgets the inconceivable
>|energies of the Supreme Lord. Even in the material world
>|there are many examples. The sun has been producing
>|unlimited energy from time immemorial, and so many by-
>|products result from the sun; yet there is no change in the
>|heat and temperature of the sun itself. Despite its being a
>|material product, if the sun can maintain its original
>|temperature and yet produce so many byproducts, is it
>|difficult for the Supreme Absolute Truth to remain
>|unchanged in spite of producing so many by-products by His
>|inconceivable energy? Thus there is no question of
>|transformation as far as the Supreme Absolute Truth is
>|concerned.
2913|In Vedic literatures there is information of a material
>|product called "touchstone" which simply by touch can
>|transform iron into gold. The touchstone can produce an
>|unlimited quantity of gold and yet remain the same. Only in
>|the state of ignorance can one accept the Mayavadi
>|conclusion that this cosmic manifestation and the living
>|entities are false or illusory. No sane man would impose
>|ignorance and illusion upon the Supreme Absolute Truth, who
>|is absolute in everything. There is no possibility of
>|change, ignorance or illusion being in Him. The Supreme
>|Brahman is transcendental and completely different from all
>|material conceptions. In the Supreme Absolute Truth there
>|is every possible inconceivable energy existing. In the
>|Svetasvatara Upanisad it is stated that the Supreme
>|Absolute Personality of Godhead is full of inconceivable
>|energies and that no one else possesses such energies.
2914|By misunderstanding the inconceivable energies of the
>|Supreme, one may falsely conclude that the Supreme Absolute
>|Truth is impersonal. Such a deluded conclusion is
>|experienced by a living being when he is in an acute stage
>|of disease. In Srimad-Bhagavatam also there are statements
>|to the effect that the supreme atma, the Lord, has
>|inconceivable and innumerable potencies. (SB 3.33.3) It is
>|also stated in Brahma-sutra that the supreme spirit has
>|many variegated and inconceivable energies. Nor should one
>|think that there is any possibility of ignorance existing
>|in the Absolute Truth. Ignorance and knowledge are
>|conceptions in this world of duality, but in the Absolute
>|there is no duality. It is simply foolishness to consider
>|that the Absolute is covered by ignorance. If the Absolute
>|Truth can possibly be covered by ignorance, how can it be
>|said to be Absolute? Understanding the inconceivability of
>|the Absolute is the only solution to the question of
>|duality. This is because duality arises from the
>|inconceivable energy of the Absolute. By His inconceivable
>|energies, the Supreme Absolute Truth can remain unchanged
>|and yet produce this cosmic manifestation with all its
>|living entities, just as touchstone can produce unlimited
>|quantities of gold and yet remain unchanged. Because the
>|Absolute Truth has such inconceivable energies, the
>|material quality of ignorance cannot pertain to Him. The
>|true variegatedness which exists in the Absolute Truth is a
>|product of His inconceivable energy. Indeed, it can be
>|safely concluded that this cosmic manifestation is but a by-
>|product of His inconceivable energies. Once we accept the
>|inconceivable energies of the Supreme Lord, we will find
>|that there is no duality at all. The expansion of the
>|energy of the Supreme Lord is as true as the Supreme Lord.
>|As far as the manifestation of the supreme energy is
>|concerned, there is no question of transformation. The same
>|example can be cited: in spite of producing unlimited
>|quantities of gold, the touchstone remains the same. We
>|therefore hear some sages say that the Supreme is the
>|ingredient or cause of this cosmic manifestation.
2915|Actually the example of the rope and the snake is not
>|completely irregular. When we accept a rope to be a snake,
>|it is to be understood that we have experienced a snake
>|previously. Otherwise, how can the rope be mistaken for a
>|snake? Thus the conception of a snake is not untrue or
>|unreal in itself. It is the false identity that is untrue
>|or unreal. When, by mistake, we consider the rope to be a
>|snake, that is our ignorance. But the very idea of a snake
>|is not in itself ignorance. When we accept a mirage to be
>|water in the desert, there is no question of water being a
>|false concept. Water is a fact, but it is a mistake to
>|think that there is water in the desert.
2916|Thus this cosmic manifestation is not false, as
>|Sankaracarya maintains. Actually there is nothing false
>|here. The Mayavadis say that this world is false because of
>|their ignorance. It is the conclusion of Vaisnava
>|philosophy that this cosmic manifestation is a by-product
>|of the inconceivable energies of the Supreme Lord.
2917|The principal word in the Vedas, pranava omkara, is the
>|sound representation of the Supreme Lord. Therefore omkara
>|should be considered the supreme sound. However,
>|Sankaracarya has falsely preached that tat tvam asi are the
>|supreme vibrations. Omkara is the reservoir of all the
>|energies of the Supreme Lord. Sankara is wrong in
>|maintaining that the words tat tvam asi are the supreme
>|vibrations of the Vedas, for tat tvam asi are secondary
>|words only. tat tvam asi suggests only a partial
>|representation. In Bhagavad-gita the Lord has in many
>|places given importance to omkara, (Bg. 8.13, 9.17, 17.24).
>|Similarly, omkara is given importance in the Atharva Veda
>|and the Mandukya Upanisad. In his Bhagavat-sandarbha, Srila
>|Jiva Gosvami says: "Omkara is the most confidential sound
>|representation of the Supreme Lord." The sound
>|representation or name of the Supreme Lord is as good as
>|the Supreme Lord Himself. By vibrating the sound of omkara,
>|or of Hare Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna Krsna, Hare Hare/ Hare
>|Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare, one can be delivered
>|from the contamination of this material world. Because such
>|vibrations of transcendental sound can deliver a
>|conditioned soul, they are known as tara, or deliverers.
2918|That the sound vibration of the Supreme Lord is identical
>|with the Supreme Lord is a fact. This is confirmed in the
>|Narada-pancaratra:
2919|vyaktam hi bhagavan eva
2920|saksan-narayanah svayam
2921|astaksara-svarupena
2922|mukhesu parivartate
2923|"When the transcendental sound vibration is practiced by a
>|conditioned soul, the Supreme Lord is present on his tongue.
>|" In the Mandukya Upanisad it is said that when omkara is
>|chanted, whatever is seen as material is seen perfectly as
>|spiritual. In the spiritual world or in spiritual vision
>|there is nothing but omkara, or the one alternate, om.
>|Unfortunately, Sankara has abandoned this chief word,
>|omkara, and has whimsically accepted tat tvam asi as the
>|supreme vibration of the Vedas. By accepting such a
>|secondary word and leaving aside the principal vibration,
>|he has given up a direct interpretation of the scripture in
>|favor of his own indirect interpretation.
2924|Sripada Sankaracarya has unceremoniously obscured the Krsna
>|consciousness described in the purusa-vedanta-sutra by
>|manufacturing an indirect interpretation and abandoning the
>|direct interpretation. Unless we take all the statements of
>|Vedanta-sutra as self-evident, there is no point in
>|studying Vedanta-sutra. Interpreting the verses of Vedanta-
>|sutra according to one's own whim is the greatest
>|disservice to the self-evident Vedas.
2925|As far as the omkara pranava is concerned, it is considered
>|to be the sound incarnation of the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead. As such, omkara is eternal, unlimited,
>|transcendental, supreme and indestructible. He (omkara) is
>|the beginning, middle and end, and He is beginningless as
>|well. When one understands omkara as such, he becomes
>|immortal. One should thus know omkara as a representation
>|of the Supreme situated in everyone's heart. One who
>|understands omkara and Visnu as being one and the same and
>|all-pervading never laments in the material world, nor does
>|he remain a sudra.
2926|Although He (omkara) has no material form, He is
>|unlimitedly expanded, and He has unlimited form. By
>|understanding omkara one can become free from the duality
>|of the material world and attain absolute knowledge.
>|Therefore omkara is the most auspicious representation of
>|the Supreme Lord. Such is the description given by Mandukya
>|Upanisad. One should not foolishly interpret an Upanisadic
>|description and say that because the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead "cannot" appear Himself in this material world in
>|His own form, He sends His sound representation(omkara)
>|instead. Due to such a false interpretation, omkara comes
>|to be considered something material, and consequently
>|omkara is misunderstood and praised as being simply an
>|exhibition or symbol of the Lord. Actually omkara is as
>|good as any other incarnation of the Supreme Lord.
2927|The Lord has innumerable incarnations, and omkara is one of
>|them. As Krsna states in Bhagavad-gita: "Amongst vibrations,
>| I am the syllable om." (Bg. 9.17) This means that omkara
>|is nondifferent from Krsna. Impersonalists, however, give
>|more importance to omkara than to the Personality of
>|Godhead, Krsna. The fact is, however, that any
>|representational incarnation of the Supreme Lord is
>|nondifferent from Him. Such an incarnation or
>|representation is as good spiritually as the Supreme Lord.
>|Omkara is therefore the ultimate representation of all the
>|Vedas. Indeed, the Vedic mantras or hymns have
>|transcendental value because they are prefixed by the
>|syllable om. The Vaisnavas interpret omkara as follows: by
>|the letter O, Krsna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, is
>|indicated; by the letter U, Krsna's eternal consort Srimati
>|Radharani is indicated; and by the letter M, the eternal
>|servitor of the Supreme Lord, the living entity, is
>|indicated. Sankara has not given such importance to the
>|omkara. However, importance is given in the Vedas, the
>|Ramayana, the Puranas and in the Mahabharata from beginning
>|to end. Thus the glories of the Supreme Lord, the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead, are declared.
2928|TLC 21: The Mayavadi Philosophers are Converted
2929|Chapter Twenty-one:
2930|The Mayavadi Philosophers are Converted
2931|In this way Lord Caitanya condemned attempts at indirect
>|interpretation of the Vedanta-sutra, and all the sannyasis
>|present were struck with wonder by His explanation. After
>|hearing the direct interpretation, one of the sannyasis
>|immediately declared, "O Sripada Caitanya, whatever You
>|have explained in Your condemnation of the indirect
>|interpretation of omkara is most useful. Only a fortunate
>|person can accept Your interpretation as the right one.
>|Actually, every one of us now knows that the
>|interpretations given by Sankara are all artificial and
>|imaginary, but because we belong to Sankaracarya's sect, we
>|take it for granted that his interpretation is the right
>|one. We shall be very glad to hear You further explain the
>|Vedanta-sutra by direct interpretation."
2932|Being so requested, Lord Caitanya explained each and every
>|verse of Vedanta-sutra according to the direct
>|interpretation. He also explained the word Brahman,
>|indicating that Brahman means the greatest, the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead. Brahman indicates that the greatest
>|is full with six opulences; the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead is the reservoir of all wealth, all fame, all
>|strength, all beauty, all knowledge and all renunciation.
>|When Lord Krsna was present personally on earth, He
>|exhibited these six opulences in full. No one was richer
>|than Lord Krsna, no one was more learned than Him, no one
>|more beautiful, no one stronger, no one more famous and no
>|one more renounced. Therefore the Supreme Personality of
>|Krsna is the Supreme Brahman. This is confirmed by Arjuna
>|in Bhagavad-gita (Bg. 10.12). param brahma param dhama: "
>|You are the Supreme Brahman, the ultimate, the supreme
>|abode." Therefore Brahman indicates the greatest, and the
>|greatest is the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Krsna. He
>|is the shelter of the Absolute Truth (para-tattva) because
>|He is param brahma. There is nothing material in His
>|opulences and exhibitions of wealth, fame, strength, beauty,
>| knowledge and renunciation. All the Vedic verses and hymns
>|indicate that everything about Him is spiritual and
>|transcendental. Wherever the word Brahman appears in the
>|Vedas, it should be understood that Krsna, the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead, is indicated. An intelligent person
>|at once replaces the word Brahman with the name Krsna.
2933|The Supreme Personality of Godhead is transcendental to the
>|material modes of nature, but He is fully qualified with
>|transcendental attributes. To accept the Supreme as
>|impersonal is to deny the manifestation of His spiritual
>|energies. When someone simply accepts the impersonal
>|exhibition of spiritual energy to the exclusion of the
>|Supreme Personality of Godhead, he does not accept the
>|Absolute Truth in full. To accept the Supreme in full is to
>|accept spiritual variegatedness, which is transcendental to
>|the material modes of nature. By failing to indicate the
>|Supreme Personality of Godhead, the impersonalists are left
>|with an incomplete conception.
2934|The approved method for understanding the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead, Krsna, is the path of devotional
>|service, and this is confirmed in every Vedic scripture.
>|Devotional service of the Lord begins by hearing about Him.
>|There are nine different methods in devotional service, of
>|which hearing is the chief. Hearing, chanting remembering,
>|worshiping-all these are used in the process of attaining
>|the highest perfection by understanding the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead. This process by which the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead is understood is known as abhidheya,
>|practice of devotional service within conditional life.
2935|It is experienced in practice that when one takes to Krsna
>|consciousness, he does not like to deviate into another
>|form of consciousness. Krsna consciousness is development
>|of love for Krsna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, and
>|this is the fifth dimensional interest of the human being.
>|When one actually takes to this process of transcendental
>|service, he relishes his relationship with Krsna directly.
>|When there is reciprocation of transcendental dealings with
>|Krsna, Krsna gradually becomes a personal associate of the
>|devotee. Then the devotee eternally enjoys blissful life.
>|For this reason, it is the purpose of the Vedanta-sutra to
>|reestablish the living entity's lost relationship with the
>|Supreme Lord Krsna and to enable him to execute devotional
>|service and ultimately achieve the highest goal of life,
>|love of Godhead. This is the real purpose of Vedanta-sutra.
2936|After Lord Caitanya explained the Vedanta-sutra by directly
>|interpreting the verses, the chief disciple of Prakasananda
>|Sarasvati stood up in the assembly and began to praise Lord
>|Caitanya as the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Narayana.
>|He not only very much appreciated the explanation of
>|Vedanta-sutra by Lord Caitanya, but he stated publicly that
>|the direct explanation of the Upanisads and Vedanta-sutra "
>|is so pleasing that we forget ourselves and forget that we
>|belong to the Mayavadi sect." Thus it is herein admitted
>|that Sankaracarya's explanations of the Upanisads and
>|Vedanta-sutra are all imaginary. We may sometimes accept
>|such imaginary explanations for the sake of sectarian feuds,
>| but actually such explanations do not satisfy us. It is
>|not that one becomes free from material entanglements
>|simply by accepting the order of sannyasa. Yet if we
>|actually understand the explanations given by Lord Caitanya,
>| we will be helped. For instance, when Lord Caitanya
>|explains the meaning of harer nama harer nama harer namaiva
>|kevalam [Cc. Adi 17.21], everyone is pleased, for it is a
>|fact that there is no alternative to devotional service.
>|Without devotional service no one can attain liberation
>|from the material clutches. Especially in this age, one can
>|achieve the highest liberation simply by chanting Hare
>|Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna Krsna, Hare Hare/ Hare Rama, Hare
>|Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare. In Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.14.4)
>|it is stated that when a person abandons the path of
>|devotional service and simply labors for knowledge, he has
>|no profit other than the trouble he takes to understand the
>|difference between matter and spirit. It is useless labor
>|to try to get grains from empty husks. Thus it is stated in
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.2.32) that a person who gives up the
>|transcendental loving service of the Supreme Lord and
>|superficially considers himself liberated, never attains to
>|liberation. With great labor, austerity and penance, he may
>|be elevated to the liberated platform, but for want of
>|shelter at the lotus feet of the Supreme Lord, he falls
>|down again into material contamination.
2937|The Supreme Brahman cannot be accepted as impersonal,
>|otherwise the six opulences, which belong to the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead, cannot be attributed to Brahman.
>|All the Vedas and Puranas affirm that the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead is full of spiritual energies, but
>|foolish people simply reject this and deride His activities.
>| They misinterpret the transcendental body of Krsna to be a
>|creation of material nature, and this is considered to be
>|the greatest offense and greatest sin. One should simply
>|accept the words of Lord Caitanya as He spoke them before
>|Prakasananda Sarasvati and the Mayavadi sannyasis.
2938|The individual personality of the Supreme Absolute Truth is
>|explained in Srimad-Bhagavatam (3.9.3-4): "O Supreme Lord,
>|the transcendental form which I am seeing is the embodiment
>|of transcendental pleasure. It is eternal and devoid of the
>|contamination of the material modes. It is the greatest
>|manifestation of the Absolute Truth, and it is full of
>|effulgence. O soul of everyone, You are the creator of this
>|cosmic manifestation and all the material elements. I
>|surrender unto You in Your transcendental form, O Krsna! O
>|most auspicious universe! You advent Yourself in Your
>|original personal form in order to be worshiped by us, and
>|we perceive You either by meditation or by direct worship.
>|Foolish people contaminated by material nature do not give
>|much importance to Your transcendental form, and
>|consequently they glide down to hell."
2939|This is also confirmed in Bhagavad-gita:
2940|avajananti mam mudha
2941|manusim tanum asritam
2942|param bhavam ajananto
2943|mama bhuta-mahesvaram
2944|"Fools deride Me when I descend in the human form. They do
>|not know My transcendental nature and My supreme dominion
>|over all that be." (Bg. 9.11)
2945|That such foolish and demoniac persons go to the hellish
>|planets is also confirmed in Bhagavad-gita:
2946|tan aham dvisatah kruran
2947|samsaresu naradhaman
2948|ksipamy ajasram asubhan
2949|asurisv eva yonisu
2950|"Those who are envious and mischievous, who are the lowest
>|among men, are cast by Me into the ocean of material
>|existence, into various demoniac species of life." (Bg. 16.
>|19)
2951|The doctrine of by-products, parinama-vada, is asserted
>|from the very beginning of Vedanta-sutra, but Sankaracarya
>|has superficially tried to hide it and establish the
>|doctrine of transformation, vivarta-vada. He also has the
>|audacity to say that Vyasa is mistaken. All Vedic
>|literatures, including the puranas, confirm that the
>|Supreme Lord is the center of all spiritual energy and
>|variegatedness. The Mayavadi philosopher, puffed-up and
>|incompetent, can not understand variegatedness in spiritual
>|energy. He consequently falsely believes that spiritual
>|variegatedness is no different from material variegatedness.
>| Deluded by this false belief, the Mayavadis deride the
>|pastimes of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. Such
>|foolish persons, unable to understand the spiritual
>|activities of the Supreme Lord, consider Krsna to be a
>|product of this material nature. This is the greatest
>|offense any human being can commit. Lord Caitanya therefore
>|establishes that Krsna is sac-cid-ananda-vigraha [Bs. 5.1],
>|the form of eternity, knowledge and bliss, and that He is
>|always engaged in His transcendental pastimes in which
>|there is all spiritual variegatedness.
2952|The student of Prakasananda summarized the explanations of
>|Lord Caitanya and concluded: "We have practically given up
>|the path of spiritual realization. We simply engage in
>|nonsensical talk. Mayavadi philosophers who are serious
>|about attaining benediction should engage in the devotional
>|service of Krsna, but instead they take pleasure in useless
>|argument only. We hereby admit that the explanation of
>|Sankaracarya hides the actual import of Vedic literature.
>|Only the explanation given by Caitanya is acceptable. All
>|other interpretations are useless."
2953|After thus explaining his position, the chief student of
>|Prakasananda Sarasvati began to chant Hare Krsna, Hare
>|Krsna, Krsna Krsna, Hare Hare/ Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama
>|Rama, Hare Hare. When Prakasananda Sarasvati saw this, he
>|also admitted the fault of Sankaracarya and said, "Because
>|Sankaracarya wanted to establish the doctrine of monism, he
>|had no alternative but to interpret the Vedanta-sutra in a
>|different way. Once one accepts the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead, the doctrine of monism cannot be established.
>|Therefore by mundane scholarship Sankaracarya has tried to
>|obscure the actual meaning of the Vedanta-sutra. Not only
>|has Sankaracarya done this, but all authors who attempt to
>|give their own views of necessity misinterpret Vedanta-
>|sutra."
2954|Thus Lord Caitanya gave the direct meaning of Vedanta-sutra.
>| No Vedic scripture should be used for indirect speculation.
>| In addition to Sankaracarya, other materialistic
>|philosophers like Kapila, Gautama, Astavakra and Patanjali
>|have put forward philosophical speculation in various ways.
>|Indeed, the philosopher Jaimini and his followers, who are
>|all more or less logicians, have abandoned the real meaning
>|of the Vedas (devotional service) and have tried to
>|establish the Absolute Truth as subject to the material
>|world. It is their opinion that if there is a God, He will
>|be pleased with man and give man all desired results if man
>|simply performs his material activities nicely. Similarly,
>|the atheist Kapila tried to establish that there is no God
>|who created the material world. Kapila has even tried to
>|establish that a combination of material elements caused
>|creation. Similarly, Gautama and Kanada have given stress
>|to this theory that the creation resulted from a fortunate
>|combination of material elements, and they have tried to
>|establish that atomic energy is the origin of creation.
>|Similarly, impersonalists and monists like Astavakra have
>|tried to establish the impersonal effulgence (brahmajyoti)
>|as the Supreme. And Patanjali, one of the greatest
>|authorities on the yoga system, has tried to conceive an
>|imaginary form of the Supreme Lord.
2955|In summary it should be understood that all these
>|materialistic philosophers have tried to avoid the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead by putting forward their own
>|mentally concocted philosophies. However, Vyasadeva, the
>|great sage and incarnation of Godhead, has thoroughly
>|studied all these philosophical speculations and in answer
>|has compiled the Vedanta-sutra, which establishes the
>|relationship between the living entity and the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead and the importance of devotional
>|service in ultimately achieving love of Godhead. The verse
>|janmady asya yatah [SB 1.1.1], which appears in the very
>|beginning of Vedanta-sutra, is explained in Vyasadeva's
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam. In Srimad-Bhagavatam Vyasadeva
>|establishes from the very beginning that the supreme source
>|of everything is a cognizant, transcendental person.
2956|The impersonalist tries to explain that the impersonal
>|effulgence of the Supreme Lord (brahmajyoti) is beyond
>|these material modes of nature, but at the same time he
>|tries to establish that the Supreme Personality of Godhead
>|is contaminated by the modes of material nature. The
>|Vedanta-sutra asserts that the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead is not only transcendental to the material modes of
>|nature but that He also has innumerable transcendental
>|qualities and energies. All these various speculative
>|philosophers are one in denying the existence of the
>|Supreme Lord Visnu, and they are very much enthused to
>|propagate their own theories and be recognized by the
>|people. Unfortunate people become enamored of these
>|atheistic philosophers and consequently can never
>|understand the real nature of the Absolute Truth. It is far
>|better to follow in the footsteps of great souls (mahajanas)
>|. According to Srimad-Bhagavatam, there are twelve
>|mahajanas, or great souls, and these are: (1) Brahma, (2)
>|Lord Siva, (3) Narada, (4) Vaivasvata Manu, (5) Kapila (not
>|the atheist, but the original Kapila), (6) the Kumaras, (7)
>|Prahlada, (8) Bhisma, (9) Janaka, (10) Bali, (11) Sukadeva
>|Gosvami and (12) Yamaraja. According to the Mahabharata,
>|there is no point in arguing about the Absolute Truth
>|because there are so many different Vedic scriptures and
>|philosophical understandings that no one philosopher can
>|agree with another. Since everyone is trying to present his
>|own point of view and reject others, it is very difficult
>|to understand the necessity for religious principles.
>|Therefore it is better to follow in the footsteps of the
>|great mahajanas, great souls; then one can achieve the
>|desired success. Lord Caitanya's teachings are just like
>|nectar, and they hold whatever is needed. The best way is
>|to take to this path and follow it.
2957|TLC 22: The Srimad Bhagavatam
2958|Chapter Twenty-two:
2959|The Srimad Bhagavatam
2960|After the conversion of the Mayavadi sannyasis to the path
>|of Caitanya Mahaprabhu, many scholars and inquisitive
>|people visited the Lord at Benares. Since it was not
>|possible for everyone to see Caitanya Mahaprabhu at His
>|residence, people used to stand in line to see Him as He
>|passed on His way to the temple of Visvanatha and
>|Bindumadhava. One day, when the Lord visited the temple
>|with His associates, Candrasekhara Acarya, Paramananda,
>|Tapana Misra, Sanatana Gosvami and others, He was singing:
2961|haraye namah krsna yadavaya namah
2962|gopala govinda rama sri-madhusudana
2963|When the Lord sang in this way, chanting and dancing,
>|thousands of people gathered around Him, and when the Lord
>|chanted, they roared. The vibration was so tumultuous that
>|Prakasananda Sarasvati, who was sitting nearby, immediately
>|joined the crowd with his disciples. As soon as he saw the
>|beautiful body of Lord Caitanya and the Lord dancing with
>|His associates, Prakasananda Sarasvati also joined and
>|began to sing: "Hari! Hari!" All the inhabitants of Benares
>|were struck with wonder upon seeing the ecstatic dancing of
>|Lord Caitanya. However, Lord Caitanya checked His
>|continuous ecstasy and stopped dancing when He saw the
>|Mayavadi sannyasis. As soon as the Lord stopped chanting
>|and dancing, Prakasananda Sarasvati fell at His feet.
>|Trying to stop him, Lord Caitanya said, "Oh, you are the
>|spiritual master of the whole world, jagad-guru, and I am
>|not even equal to your disciples. You should therefore not
>|worship an inferior like Me. You are exactly like the
>|Supreme Brahman, and if I allow you to fall down at My feet,
>| I will commit a very great offense. Although you have no
>|vision of duality, for the sake of teaching the people in
>|general you should not do this."
2964|"Previously I spoke ill of You many times," Prakasananda
>|Sarasvati replied. "Now in order to free myself from the
>|results of my offense, I fall down at Your feet." He then
>|quoted a verse from Vedic literatures which states that
>|when even a liberated soul commits an offense against the
>|Supreme Lord, he again becomes a victim of material
>|contamination. Prakasananda Sarasvati then quoted another
>|verse from Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.34.9) regarding Nanda
>|Maharaja's being attacked by a serpent who was previously
>|Vidyadhararcita. When the serpent was touched by the lotus
>|feet of Krsna, he regained his previous body and was freed
>|from the reactions of his sinful activities. When Lord
>|Caitanya thus heard Himself equated with Krsna, He mildly
>|protested. He wanted to warn people in general not to
>|compare the Supreme Lord with any living entity, and
>|although He was the Supreme Lord Himself, He protested
>|against this comparison in order to teach us. Thus He said
>|that it is the greatest offense to compare anyone with the
>|Supreme Lord Krsna. Lord Caitanya always maintained that
>|Visnu, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, is great and the
>|living entities, however great they may be, are but
>|infinitesimal. In this connection, He quoted a verse from
>|Padma Purana which is found in the Vaisnava tantra (Hari-
>|bhakti-vilasa 1.73): "A person who compares the Supreme
>|Lord even with the greatest of demigods like Brahma and
>|Siva must be considered a number one atheist."
2965|"I can understand that You are the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead, Krsna," Prakasananda Sarasvati continued, "and
>|even though You present Yourself as a devotee, You are
>|still worshipable because You are greater than all of us in
>|education and realization. Therefore by blaspheming You, we
>|have committed the greatest offense. Please excuse us."
2966|How a devotee becomes the greatest of all
>|transcendentalists is stated in Srimad-Bhagavatam (6.14.5):
2967|muktanam api siddhanam
2968|narayana-parayanah
2969|sudurlabhah prasantatma
2970|kotisv api mahamune
2971|"There are many liberated souls and perfected souls, but
>|out of all of them he who is a devotee of the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead is best. The devotees of the Supreme
>|Lord are always calm and quiet, and their perfection is
>|very rarely seen, even in millions of persons."
>|Prakasananda also quoted another verse (SB 10.4.46) in
>|which it is stated that one's duration of life, prosperity,
>|fame, religion and the benediction of higher authorities
>|are all lost when one offends a devotee. Prakasananda also
>|quoted another verse from Srimad-Bhagavatam (7.5.32) which
>|said that all the misgivings of the conditioned soul
>|disappear at the touch of the lotus feet of the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead. However, one cannot touch the lotus
>|feet of the Supreme Lord unless one receives the
>|benediction of the dust of the lotus feet of the Lord's
>|pure devotee. In other words, one cannot become a pure
>|devotee of the Supreme Personality of Godhead unless he is
>|favored by another pure devotee of the Lord.
2972|"Now I am taking shelter of Your lotus feet," Prakasananda
>|Sarasvati said, "for I want to be elevated to the position
>|of a devotee of the Supreme Lord."
2973|After talking in this way, both Prakasananda Sarasvati and
>|Lord Caitanya sat together. "Whatever You have said
>|concerning discrepancies in the Mayavadi philosophy is also
>|known by us," Prakasananda said. "Indeed, we know that all
>|the commentaries on Vedic scriptures by Mayavadi
>|philosophers are erroneous, especially those of
>|Sankaracarya. Sankaracarya's interpretations of Vedanta-
>|sutra are all figments of his imagination. You have not
>|explained the codes of the Vedanta-sutra and Upanisads
>|according to Your own imagination but have presented them
>|as they are. Thus we are all pleased to have heard Your
>|explanation. Such explanations of the codes of Vedanta-
>|sutra and the Upanisads cannot be given by anyone but the
>|Supreme Personality of Godhead. Since You have all the
>|potencies of the Supreme Lord, please explain the Vedanta-
>|sutra further so that I may be benefited."
2974|Lord Caitanya protested against being called the Supreme
>|Lord, and He said, "My dear sir, I am an ordinary living
>|entity. I cannot know the real meaning of Vedanta-sutra,
>|but Vyasadeva, who is an incarnation of Narayana, knows its
>|real meaning. No ordinary living entity can interpret
>|Vedanta-sutra according to his mundane conceptions. In
>|order to curb commentaries on Vedanta-sutra by unscrupulous
>|persons, the author himself, Vyasadeva, has already
>|commentated upon the Vedanta-sutra by writing Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam." In other words, the best explanation of a book
>|is written by the author himself. No one can understand the
>|author's mind unless the author himself discloses the
>|purpose behind his writing. Therefore Vedanta-sutra should
>|be understood through Srimad-Bhagavatam, the commentary
>|written by the author of Vedanta-sutra.
2975|Pranava, or omkara, is the divine substance of all the
>|Vedas. Omkara is further explained in the gayatri mantra
>|exactly as it was explained in Srimad-Bhagavatam. There are
>|four verses written in this connection, and these are
>|explained to Brahma by Lord Krsna Himself. In his turn,
>|Brahma explains them to Narada, and Narada explains them to
>|Vyasadeva. In this way the purport of the verses of Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam come down through disciplic succession. It is
>|not that anyone and everyone can make his own foolish
>|commentaries on Vedanta-sutra and mislead readers. Anyone
>|who wants to understand Vedanta-sutra must read Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam carefully. Under the instructions of Narada Muni,
>| Vyasadeva compiled Srimad-Bhagavatam with the purpose of
>|explaining the Vedanta-sutra. In writing Srimad-Bhagavatam,
>|Vyasadeva collected all the essence of the Upanisads, the
>|purpose of which was also explained in Vedanta-sutra.
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam is thus the essence of all Vedic
>|knowledge. That which is stated in the Upanisads and
>|restated in Vedanta-sutra is explained very nicely in
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam.
2976|There is a passage in Isopanisad similar to a verse found
>|in Srimad-Bhagavatam (8.1.10) which states that whatever
>|one sees in the cosmic manifestation is but the Supreme
>|Lord's energy and is nondifferent from Him. Consequently He
>|is the controller, friend and maintainer of all living
>|entities. We should live by the mercy of God and take only
>|those things which are allotted to us. In this way, by not
>|encroaching on another's property, one can enjoy life.
2977|In other words, the purpose of the Upanisads, Vedanta-sutra
>|and Srimad-Bhagavatam is one and the same. If one studies
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam carefully, he will find that all the
>|Upanisads and the Vedanta-sutra are nicely explained
>|therein. Srimad-Bhagavatam teaches us how to reestablish
>|our eternal relationship with the Supreme Lord, how to act
>|in that relationship, and, lastly, how to achieve the
>|highest benefit from it.
2978|The four verses beginning with aham eva are the gist of the
>|whole Bhagavatam. These are: "I am the supreme center for
>|the relationships of all living entities, and My knowledge
>|is the supreme knowledge. That process by which I can be
>|attained by the living entity is called abhidheya. By it,
>|one can attain the highest perfection of life, love of
>|Godhead. When one attains love of Godhead, his life becomes
>|perfect." The explanation of these four verses is given in
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam, and Lord Caitanya gave a short
>|description of the principles of these verses. He said that
>|no one can understand the constitutional position of the
>|Supreme Lord-His situation, His transcendental qualities,
>|His transcendental activities and His six opulences. These
>|cannot be understood by mental speculation or academic
>|education; they can only be understood by the mercy of the
>|Lord. As stated in Bhagavad-gita, one who is fortunate
>|enough to receive the Lord's favor can understand all these
>|explanations by the mercy of the Lord.
2979|The Lord existed before the material creation; therefore
>|the material ingredients, nature and the living entities
>|all emanated from Him, and after dissolution they rest in
>|Him. When the creation is manifest, it is maintained by Him;
>| indeed, whatever manifestation we see is but a
>|transformation of His external energy. When the Supreme
>|Lord withdraws His external energy, everything enters into
>|Him. In the first of the four verses, the word aham is
>|given three times in order to stress that the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead is full with all opulences. Aham is
>|stated three times just to chastise one who cannot
>|understand or believe in the transcendental nature and form
>|of the Supreme Lord.
2980|The Lord possesses His internal energy, His external,
>|marginal and relative energies, the manifestation of the
>|cosmic world and the living entities. The external energy
>|is manifested by the qualitative modes (gunas) of material
>|nature. One who can understand the nature of the living
>|entity in the spiritual world can actually understand
>|vedyam, or perfect knowledge. One cannot understand the
>|Supreme Lord simply by seeing the material energy and the
>|conditioned soul, but when one is in perfect knowledge, he
>|is freed from the influence of the external energy. The
>|moon reflects the light of the sun, and without the sun the
>|moon cannot illuminate anything. Similarly, this material
>|cosmic manifestation is but the reflection of the spiritual
>|world. When one is actually liberated from the spell of the
>|external energy, he can understand the constitutional
>|nature of the Supreme Lord. Devotional service to the Lord
>|is the only means by which the Lord can be attained, and
>|this devotional service can be accepted by everyone and
>|anyone in any country and under any circumstance.
>|Devotional service is above the four principles of religion
>|and the understanding derived from liberation. Even the
>|preliminaries of devotional service are transcendental to
>|the highest understanding derived from liberation and the
>|understanding derived from ordinary religion.
2981|One should therefore approach a bona fide spiritual master-
>|irrespective of caste, creed, color, country, etc.-and hear
>|from him everything about devotional service. The real
>|purpose of life is to revive our dormant love of God.
>|Indeed, that is our ultimate necessity. How that love of
>|God can be attained is explained in Srimad-Bhagavatam.
>|There is theoretical knowledge and specific or realized
>|knowledge, and perfect realized knowledge is attained when
>|one realizes the teachings received from the spiritual
>|master.
2982|TLC 23: Why Study the Vedanta-sutra?
2983|Chapter Twenty-three:
2984|Why Study the Vedanta-sutra?
2985|Knowledge is information gathered from the scriptures, and
>|science is practical realization of that knowledge.
>|Knowledge is scientific when it is gathered from the
>|scriptures through the bona fide spiritual master, but when
>|it is interpreted by speculation, it is mental concoction.
>|By scientifically understanding the scriptural information
>|through the bona fide spiritual master, one learns, by one'
>|s own realization, the actual situation of the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead. The transcendental form of the
>|Supreme Personality of Godhead is different from material
>|manifestations, and it is above the reactions of matter.
>|Unless one scientifically understands the spiritual form of
>|the Personality of Godhead, one becomes an impersonalist.
>|The sunshine in itself is illumination, but that
>|illumination is different from the sun. Yet the sun and the
>|sunshine are not differently situated, for without the sun
>|there can be no sunshine, and without sunshine there is no
>|meaning to the word sun.
2986|Unless one is freed from the influence of material energy,
>|he cannot understand the Supreme Lord and His different
>|energies. Nor can one who is captivated by the spell of
>|material energy understand the spiritual form of the
>|Supreme Lord. Unless there is realization of the
>|transcendental form of the Supreme Personality of Godhead,
>|there is no question of love of God. Unless one can realize
>|the transcendental form of the Supreme Lord, he cannot
>|actually attain love of God, and without love of God there
>|is no perfection in human life. Just as the five gross
>|elements of nature-namely earth, water, fire, air and ether-
>|are both within and without all living beings in this world,
>| the Supreme Lord is both inside and outside this existence,
>| and those who are His devotees can realize this.
2987|Pure devotees know that they are meant to serve the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead and that all things that exist can
>|be means by which one can serve the Supreme. Because a
>|devotee has been blessed by the Supreme from within his
>|heart, he can see the Supreme Lord wherever he looks.
>|Indeed, he can see nothing else. In Srimad-Bhagavatam (11.2.
>|55) the relationship between the devotee and the Supreme
>|Lord is confirmed as follows:
2988|visrjati hrdayam na yasya saksad
2989|dharir avasabhihito 'py aghaugha-nasah
2990|pranaya-rasanaya dhrtanghri-padmah
2991|sa bhavati bhagavata-pradhana uktah
2992|"If a person's heart is always tied to the lotus feet of
>|the Supreme Lord with the rope of love, the Lord does not
>|leave him. Indeed, even if his remembrance is not perfect,
>|he is to be considered a first class devotee." There is an
>|example of this described in Srimad-Bhagavatam, Dasa-
>|skandha (10.30.4). When the gopis assembled to join the
>|rasa dance with Krsna, Krsna left them. Consequently the
>|gopis began to chant the holy name of Krsna and, being
>|overwhelmed with madness, began to inquire about Krsna from
>|the flowers and the creepers in the forest. Krsna is like
>|the sky; He is situated everywhere.
2993|By studying Srimad-Bhagavatam, we can obtain information
>|about our eternal relationship with the Supreme Lord,
>|understand the procedure by which the Lord can be attained
>|and receive the ultimate realization, which is love of
>|Godhead. In explaining to Prakasananda Sarasvati how one
>|can achieve the Supreme Personality of Godhead by
>|devotional service, Lord Caitanya quoted a verse from
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam (11.14.21) in which the Lord says that He
>|can be realized only through devotional service executed
>|with faith and love. Indeed, it is devotional service alone
>|which purifies the heart of the devotee and elevates him to
>|the ultimate realization by which he, established in faith,
>|renders service unto the Supreme Lord. Even if one is born
>|in a low family, like a family of candalas (dog-eaters),
>|one can become filled with transcendental symptoms through
>|realization of the supreme stage of love of Godhead. These
>|transcendental symptoms are described in Srimad-Bhagavatam (
>|11.3.31):
2994|smarantah smarayantas ca
2995|mitho 'ghaugha-haram harim
2996|bhaktya samjataya bhaktya
2997|bibhraty utpulakam tanum
2998|"When devotees discuss subjects dealing with the Supreme
>|Lord, who can cleanse the heart of His devotee from all
>|kinds of sinful reactions, they become overwhelmed with
>|ecstasy and display different symptoms due to their
>|devotional service." The Bhagavatam further states: "Due to
>|their spontaneous attachment for the Lord, when they chant
>|His holy names they sometimes cry, sometimes laugh, dance,
>|sing and so on, not caring for any social convention." (SB
>|11.2.40)
2999|We should understand that Srimad-Bhagavatam is the real
>|explanation of the Brahma-sutra, and it is compiled by
>|Vyasadeva himself. In the Garuda Purana it is said:
3000|artho 'yam brahma-sutranam
3001|bharatartha-vinirnayah
3002|gayatri-bhasya-rupo 'sau
3003|vedartha-paribrmhitah
3004|grantho 'stadasa-sahasrah
3005|srimad-bhagavatabhidhah
3006|"The Srimad-Bhagavatam is the authorized explanation of
>|Brahma-sutra, and it is a further explanation of
>|Mahabharata. It is the expansion of the gayatri mantra and
>|the essence of all Vedic knowledge. This Srimad-Bhagavatam,
>|containing eighteen thousand verses, is known as the
>|explanation of all Vedic literature." In the very First
>|Canto of Srimad-Bhagavatam the sages of Naimisaranya asked
>|Suta Gosvami how one can know the essence of Vedic
>|literature. In answer, Suta Gosvami presented Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam as the essence of all the Vedas, histories and
>|other Vedic literatures. Elsewhere in Srimad-Bhagavatam (12.
>|13.15) it is clearly stated that Srimad-Bhagavatam is the
>|essence of all Vedanta knowledge and that one who relishes
>|the knowledge of Srimad-Bhagavatam has no taste for
>|studying any other literature. In the very beginning of
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam, the meaning and purpose of the gayatri
>|mantra are also described: "I offer my obeisances unto the
>|Supreme Truth." This is the first introductory verse
>|dealing with the Supreme Truth, which is described in
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam as the source of creation, maintenance
>|and destruction for the cosmic manifestation. Obeisances
>|unto the Personality of Godhead, Vasudeva (om namo
>|bhagavate vasudevaya), directly indicate Lord Sri Krsna,
>|who is the divine son of Vasudeva and Devaki. This fact is
>|more explicitly presented later in Srimad-Bhagavatam.
>|Vyasadeva asserts that Sri Krsna is the original
>|Personality of Godhead and that all others are either His
>|direct or indirect plenary portions or portions of those
>|portions. Srila Jiva Gosvami has later still more
>|explicitly developed this subject in his Krsna-sandarbha,
>|and Brahma, the original living being, has explained Sri
>|Krsna substantially in his treatise Brahma-samhita. The
>|Sama Veda also verifies the fact that Lord Sri Krsna is the
>|divine son of Devaki.
3007|In his prayer, the author of Srimad-Bhagavatam first
>|proposes that Lord Sri Krsna is the primeval Lord and that
>|if any transcendental nomenclature for the Absolute
>|Personality of Godhead is to be accepted, it should be the
>|name Krsna, the all-attractive. In Bhagavad-gita the Lord
>|has affirmed in many passages that He is the original
>|Personality of Godhead, and this was also confirmed by
>|Arjuna, who cited great sages like Narada, Vyasa and many
>|others. In Padma Purana it is also stated that of the
>|innumerable names of the Lord, the name of Krsna is the
>|principal one. Although the name Vasudeva indicates the
>|plenary portion of the Personality of Godhead, and although
>|all the different forms of the Lord are identical with
>|Vasudeva, in this text Vasudeva principally indicates the
>|divine son of Vasudeva and Devaki. Sri Krsna is always
>|meditated upon by the paramahamsas, those who are most
>|perfect in the renounced order of life. Vasudeva, or Lord
>|Sri Krsna, is the cause of all causes, and everything that
>|exists is an emanation from Him. How this is so is
>|explained in later chapters of Srimad-Bhagavatam.
3008|Caitanya Mahaprabhu describes Srimad-Bhagavatam as the
>|spotless Purana because it contains transcendental
>|narrations of the pastimes of the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead Sri Krsna. The history of Srimad-Bhagavatam is also
>|very glorious. It was compiled by Vyasadeva, who drew from
>|his mature experience of transcendental knowledge under the
>|instruction of Sri Narada Muni, his spiritual master.
>|Vyasadeva compiled all the Vedic literatures-the four Vedas,
>| the Vedanta-sutra or Brahma-sutras, the puranas and the
>|Mahabharata. Yet he was not satisfied until he wrote Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam. His dissatisfaction was observed by his
>|spiritual master, and consequently Narada advised him to
>|write on the transcendental activities of the Lord Sri
>|Krsna. Sri Krsna's transcendental activities are
>|specifically described in the Tenth Canto of Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam, the canto which is considered to contain the
>|substance of the whole work. One should not approach the
>|Tenth Canto immediately but should approach it gradually by
>|developing knowledge of the subject matters first presented.
3009|Generally a philosophical mind is inquisitive to learn of
>|the origin of all creations. When one who is philosophical
>|sees the night sky, he naturally raises questions about the
>|stars, how they are situated, who lives there, etc. All
>|these inquiries are quite natural for a human being, for
>|the human being has a greater developed consciousness than
>|the animals. In answer to such an inquiry, the author of
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam says that the Lord is the origin of all
>|creations. He is not only the creator but the maintainer
>|and annihilator as well. The manifested cosmic creation is
>|created at a certain period by the will of the Lord, is
>|maintained for some time and is finally annihilated by His
>|will. Thus He is the supreme will behind all activities.
3010|Of course there are atheists of various categories who do
>|not believe in the creator, but that is due simply to their
>|poor fund of knowledge. The modern scientist creates
>|rockets, and by some arrangement or other they are thrown
>|into outer space to fly for some time under the control of
>|a scientist far away. All the universes and the innumerable
>|planets within them are similar to such rockets, and they
>|are all controlled by the Personality of Godhead.
3011|In the Vedic literatures it is said that the Absolute Truth,
>| the Personality of Godhead, is the foremost amongst all
>|living personalities. All living beings, from the first
>|created being, Brahma, down to the smallest ant, are
>|individual living entities. Even above Brahma there are
>|many other living beings with individual capacities. The
>|Personality of Godhead Himself is also a living being and
>|is as much an individual as the other living beings.
>|However, the Supreme Lord is the supreme living being, and
>|He has the greatest mind and possesses the supermost
>|inconceivable energies in great variety. If a man's mind
>|can produce rockets and spaceships, it is conceivable that
>|a mind higher than man's can produce superior things. A
>|reasonable person will accept this argument but stubborn
>|obstinate people will not.
3012|Srila Vyasadeva at once accepts the supreme mind as the
>|paramesvara, the supreme controller. As stated in Bhagavad-
>|gita and all other scriptures written by Srila Vyasadeva,
>|that paramesvara is Sri Krsna Himself. This is specifically
>|validated in Srimad-Bhagavatam. In Bhagavad-gita also the
>|Lord Himself says that there is no paratattva (summum bonum)
>| superior to Himself. Therefore the author at once worships
>|the paratattva, Sri Krsna, whose transcendental activities
>|are described in the Tenth Canto.
3013|Unscrupulous people go at once to the Tenth Canto,
>|especially to the five chapters which describe the Lord's
>|rasa dance. However, this portion of Srimad-Bhagavatam is
>|the most confidential part of that great literature. Unless
>|one is thoroughly accomplished in the transcendental
>|knowledge of the Lord, he is sure to misunderstand the Lord'
>|s worshipable transcendental pastimes in the rasa dance and
>|the Lord's love affairs with the gopis. This subject matter
>|is highly spiritual and technical, and only liberated
>|personalities who have gradually attained the stage of
>|paramahamsa can transcendentally relish the worshipable
>|rasa dance.
3014|Therefore Srila Vyasadeva gives the reader a chance to
>|gradually develop in spiritual realization before actually
>|relishing the essence of the pastimes of the Lord. Thus
>|Vyasadeva purposefully invokes the gayatri mantra: dhimahi.
>|This gayatri mantra is especially meant for spiritually
>|advanced people. When one attains success in chanting
>|gayatri mantra, he can enter into the transcendental
>|position of the Lord. First, however, one must acquire the
>|brahminical qualities and become perfectly situated in the
>|mode of goodness in order to chant the gayatri mantra
>|successfully. From that point one can begin to
>|transcendentally realize the Lord, His name, His fame, His
>|qualities, etc. Srimad-Bhagavatam is a narration dealing
>|with the svarupa (form) of the Lord, which is manifested by
>|His internal potency. This potency is distinguished from
>|the external potency, which has manifested the cosmic world
>|within our experience. Srila Vyasadeva makes a clear
>|distinction between the internal and external potencies in
>|the very first verse of the First Chapter of Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam. In that verse he says that the internal potency
>|is factual reality, whereas the external manifested energy
>|in the form of material existence is temporary and illusory,
>| no more real than a mirage in the desert. Water may appear
>|present in a mirage, but real water is somewhere else.
>|Similarly, the manifested cosmic creation appears to be
>|reality, but it is simply a reflection of the true reality
>|which exists in the spiritual world. In the spiritual world
>|there are no mirages. Absolute Truth is there; it is not
>|here in the material world. Here, everything is relative
>|truth; one truth seems to depend upon another. This cosmic
>|creation results from an interaction of the three modes of
>|material nature. The temporary manifestations are so
>|created as to present an illusion of reality to the
>|bewildered mind of the conditioned soul. Thus there appear
>|to be so many species of life, including the higher
>|demigods like Brahma, Indra, Candra, etc. In fact there is
>|no reality in the manifested world, but there appears to be
>|reality because the true reality exists in the spiritual
>|world, where the Personality of Godhead eternally abides
>|with His transcendental paraphernalia.
3015|The chief engineer of a complicated construction does not
>|personally take part in the construction itself, but it is
>|he only who knows all the nooks and corners of the
>|construction because everything is carried out under his
>|instructions only. In other words, he knows everything
>|about the construction directly and indirectly. Similarly,
>|the Personality of Godhead, who is the supreme engineer of
>|this cosmic creation, knows very well what is happening in
>|every nook and corner of the cosmic creation, although
>|activities appear to be performed by someone else. In
>|actuality no one is independent in the material creation;
>|the hand of the Supreme Lord is everywhere. All material
>|elements, as well as all spiritual sparks, are but
>|emanations from Him only. Whatever is created in this
>|material world is created by the interaction of the two
>|energies, material and spiritual. These energies belong to
>|the Absolute Truth, the Personality of Godhead, Sri Krsna.
3016|A chemist can manufacture water in the laboratory by mixing
>|hydrogen and oxygen, but in reality the living entity can
>|only work under the direction of the Supreme Lord. Indeed,
>|all materials used by a chemist are supplied by the Lord.
>|The Lord knows everything directly and indirectly, and He
>|is cognizant of all the minute details of everything. He is
>|fully independent as well. He can be compared to a gold
>|mine, and the cosmic creations can be compared to ornaments
>|made from that gold, such as gold rings, necklaces, etc.
>|The gold ring and necklace are qualitatively one with the
>|gold in the mine, but quantitatively the gold in the mine
>|and the gold in the earring or necklace are different. Lord
>|Caitanya's philosophy of the Absolute Truth centers about
>|the fact that the Supreme Lord is simultaneously one with
>|and different from His creation. Nothing is absolutely
>|equal to the Absolute Truth, but at the same time nothing
>|is independent of it.
3017|Conditioned souls, beginning from Brahma, the engineer of
>|this particular universe, down to an insignificant ant, are
>|all creating something, but none of them are independent of
>|the Supreme Lord. The materialist wrongly thinks that there
>|is no creator outside his own good self, and this is called
>|maya, or illusion. Due to his poor fund of knowledge, the
>|materialist cannot see beyond the purview of his imperfect
>|senses; thus he thinks that matter automatically takes its
>|own shape independent of a conscious background. This is
>|refuted by Srila Vyasadeva in the first verse of Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam. As stated before, Vyasadeva is a liberated soul,
>| and he compiled this book of authority after attaining
>|spiritual perfection. Since the complete whole, or the
>|Absolute Truth, is the source of everything, nothing is
>|independent of Him. Everything exists within the body of
>|the Absolute Truth. Any action or reaction of a part of a
>|body becomes a cognizable fact to the embodied whole.
>|Similarly, if the creation abides in the body of the
>|Absolute Truth, then nothing is unknown to the Absolute,
>|directly or indirectly.
3018|In the sruti-mantra it is stated that the absolute whole,
>|or Brahman, is the ultimate source of everything.
>|Everything emanates from Him, everything is maintained by
>|Him, and at the end everything enters into Him again. That
>|is the law of nature. This is also confirmed in the smrti-
>|mantra. There it is said that at the beginning of Brahma s
>|millennium, the source from which everything emanates is
>|the Absolute Truth, or Brahman, and at the end of that
>|millennium the reservoir into which everything enters is
>|that same Absolute Truth. Material scientists haphazardly
>|take it for granted that the ultimate source of this
>|planetary system is the sun, but they are unable to explain
>|the source of the sun. In Vedic literatures the ultimate
>|source is explained; Brahma is the creator of this universe,
>| but because he had to meditate in order to receive the
>|inspiration for such a creation, he is not the ultimate
>|creator. As stated in the first verse of Srimad-Bhagavatam,
>|Brahma was taught Vedic knowledge by the Personality of
>|Godhead. In the first verse of Srimad-Bhagavatam it is said
>|that the Supreme Lord inspired a secondary creator, Brahma,
>|and enabled him to carry out his creative functions. In
>|this way the Supreme Lord is the supervising engineer; the
>|real mind behind all creative agents is the Absolute
>|Personality of Godhead, Sri Krsna. In Bhagavad-gita Sri
>|Krsna personally admits that it is He only who superintends
>|the creative energy (prakrti), the sum total of matter.
>|Thus Sri Vyasadeva neither worships Brahma nor the sun but
>|the Supreme Lord, who guides both Brahma and the sun in
>|their creative activities.
3019|The Sanskrit words abhijna and svarat, appearing in the
>|first verse of Srimad-Bhagavatam, are significant. These
>|two words distinguish the Lord from all other living
>|entities. No living entity other than the supreme being,
>|the Absolute Personality of Godhead is either abhijna or
>|svarat-that is, none of them are either fully cognizant or
>|fully independent. Everyone has to learn from his superior
>|about knowledge; even Brahma, who is the first living being
>|within this material world, has to meditate upon the
>|Supreme Lord and take help from Him in order to create. If
>|Brahma or the sun cannot create anything without acquiring
>|knowledge from a superior, then what is the situation with
>|the material scientists who are fully dependent on so many
>|things? Modern scientists like Jagadisha Chandra Bose,
>|Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein, etc., may be very boastful
>|of their respective creative energies, but all were
>|dependent on the Supreme Lord for so many things. After all,
>| the highly intelligent brains of these gentlemen were
>|certainly not products of any human being. The brain is
>|created by another agent. If brains like those of Einstein
>|or Newton could have been manufactured by a human being,
>|then mankind would produce many such brains instead of
>|eulogizing their passing. If such scientists cannot even
>|manufacture such brains, what to speak of foolish atheists
>|who defy the authority of the Lord?
3020|Even the Mayavadi impersonalists who flatter themselves and
>|believe that they have become the Lord themselves are not
>|abhijnah or svarat, fully cognizant or fully independent.
>|The Mayavadi monists undergo a severe process of austerity
>|and penance to acquire knowledge of becoming one with the
>|Lord, but ultimately they become dependent on some rich
>|follower who supplies them with requisite paraphernalia to
>|construct great monasteries and temples. Atheists like
>|Ravana and Hiranyakasipu had to undergo severe penances
>|before they could flout the authority of the Lord, but
>|ultimately they were so helpless that they could not save
>|themselves when the Lord appeared before them as cruel
>|death. This is also applicable to the modern atheists who
>|dare flout the authority of the Lord. Such atheists will be
>|dealt the same awards as were given in the past to great
>|atheists like Ravana and Hiranyakasipu. History repeats
>|itself, and what was occurring in the past will recur again
>|and again when there is necessity. Whenever the authority
>|of the Lord is neglected, the penalties dealt by the laws
>|of nature are always there.
3021|That the Supreme Lord, the Personality of Godhead, is all-
>|perfect is confirmed in all sruti-mantras. It is said in
>|the sruti-mantras that the all-perfect Lord glanced over
>|matter and thus created all living beings. The living
>|beings are parts and parcels of the Lord, and He
>|impregnates the vast material nature with the seeds of the
>|spiritual sparks. Thus the creative energies are set in
>|motion for so many wonderful creations. When one atheist
>|argued that God is no more expert than the manufacturer of
>|a subtle watch which has so many delicate parts, we had to
>|reply that God is a greater mechanic than the watchmaker
>|because He simply creates one machine in male and female
>|forms, and the male and female forms go on producing
>|innumerable similar machines without the further attention
>|of God. If a man could manufacture a set of machines
>|capable of producing other machines without the man giving
>|the matter any further attention, then a man could be said
>|to equal the intelligence of God. Of course this is not
>|possible. Each and every one of man's imperfect machines
>|has to be handled individually by a mechanic. Because no
>|one can be equal in intelligence to God, another name for
>|God is asamaurdhva, which indicates that no one is equal to
>|or greater than Him. Everyone has his intellectual equal
>|and superior, and no one can claim that he has neither.
>|However, this is not the case with the Lord. The sruti-
>|mantras indicate that before the creation of the material
>|universe, the Lord was existing, and He was master of
>|everyone. It was the Lord who instructed Brahma in Vedic
>|knowledge. That Personality of Godhead has to be obeyed in
>|all respects. Anyone who wants to become freed from
>|material entanglement must surrender unto Him, and this is
>|confirmed in Bhagavad-gita.
3022|Unless one surrenders unto the lotus feet of the
>|Personality of Godhead, it is certain that one will be
>|bewildered, even if he happens to be a great mind. Only
>|when great minds surrender unto the lotus feet of Vasudeva
>|and know fully that Vasudeva is the cause of all causes, as
>|confirmed in Bhagavad-gita (7.19), can they become mahatmas,
>| or truly broad-minded. However, such broad-minded mahatmas
>|are rarely seen. Only they, however, can understand the
>|Supreme Lord as the Absolute Personality of Godhead, the
>|primeval cause of all creations. He is parama, ultimate
>|truth, because all other truths are dependent on Him.
>|Because He is the source of all knowledge, He is omniscient;
>| there is no illusion for Him as there is for the relative
>|knower.
3023|Some Mayavadi scholars argue that Srimad-Bhagavatam was not
>|compiled by Srila Vyasadeva, and some suggest that the book
>|is a modern creation written by someone named Vopadeva. In
>|order to refute this meaningless argument, Srila Sridhara
>|Svami points out that there are many of the oldest puranas
>|which make reference to the Srimad-Bhagavatam. The first
>|sloka, or verse, of Srimad-Bhagavatam begins with the
>|Gayatri mantra, and there is reference to this in the
>|Matsya Purana (the oldest Purana). With reference to the
>|context of Gayatri mantra in the Srimad-Bhagavatam, in this
>|Purana it is said, "That which contains many narrations of
>|spiritual instruction, begins with the Gayatri mantra and
>|also contains the history of Vrtrasura, is known as the
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam. Whoever makes a gift of this great work
>|on a full moon day attains to the highest perfection of
>|life and goes back to Godhead. There is also reference to
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam in other Puranas which even indicate that
>|the work consists of Twelve Cantos and eighteen thousand
>|slokas. In Padma Purana also there is reference about the
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam during a conversation between Gautama and
>|Maharaja Ambarisa. Maharaja Ambarisa was advised to read
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam regularly if he at all desired liberation
>|from material bondage. Under these circumstances, there is
>|no doubt regarding the authority of Srimad-Bhagavatam. For
>|the past five hundred years many scholars have made
>|elaborate commentaries upon Srimad-Bhagavatam and have
>|displayed unique scholarship. The serious student will do
>|well to attempt to go through them in order to more happily
>|relish the transcendental messages of the Bhagavatam.
3024|Srila Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura specifically deals with
>|original and pure sex psychology (adi-rasa) devoid of all
>|mundane inebriety. The entire material world turns due to
>|the basic principle of sex life. In modern human
>|civilization, sex is the central point of all activities;
>|indeed, wherever we turn our face we see sex life prominent.
>| Consequently sex life is not unreal; its true reality is
>|experienced in the spiritual world. Material sex is but a
>|perverted reflection of the original; the original is found
>|in the Absolute Truth. This validates the fact that the
>|Absolute Truth is personal, for the Absolute Truth cannot
>|be impersonal and have a sense of pure sex life. The
>|impersonal monist philosophy gives an indirect impetus to
>|abominable mundane sex because it overly stresses the
>|impersonality of the ultimate truth. The result is that men
>|who lack knowledge have accepted the perverted material sex
>|life as all in all because they have no information of the
>|actual spiritual form of sex. There is a distinction
>|between sex in the diseased condition of material life and
>|sex in the spiritual existence. Srimad-Bhagavatam gradually
>|elevates the unbiased reader to the highest perfectional
>|stage of transcendence above the three modes of material
>|activities, fruitive actions, speculative philosophy and
>|above worship of functional deities indicated in the Vedas.
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam is the embodiment of devotional service
>|to the Supreme Personality of Godhead Krsna and is
>|therefore situated in a position superior to other Vedic
>|literatures.
3025|Religion includes four primary subjects: (1) pious
>|activities, (2) economic development, (3) satisfaction of
>|the senses, and (4) liberation from material bondage.
>|Religious life is distinguished from the irreligious life
>|of barbarism. Indeed, it may be said that human life
>|actually begins with religion. The four principles of
>|animal life-eating, sleeping, defending and mating-are
>|common both to the animals and human beings, but religion
>|is the special concern of human beings. Since human life is
>|no better than animal life without religion, in real human
>|society there is some form of religion aiming at self-
>|realization and referring to one's eternal relationship
>|with God.
3026|In the lower stage of human civilization there is always
>|competition between men in their attempt to dominate
>|material nature. In other words, there is continuous
>|rivalry in an attempt to satisfy the senses. Thus driven by
>|sense gratificatory consciousness, men enact religious
>|rituals. Thus pious activities and religious functions are
>|performed with an aim to acquire some material gain, and if
>|such material gain is obtainable in another way, this so-
>|called religion is neglected. This can be seen in modern
>|human civilization. Since the economic desires of the
>|people appear to be fulfilled in another way, no one is
>|interested in religion now. The churches, mosques and
>|temples are practically vacant, for people are more
>|interested in factories, shops and cinemas. Thus they have
>|deserted the religious places erected by their forefathers.
>|This is evidence that religion is generally performed for
>|the sake of economic development, and economic development
>|is required for sense gratification. When one is baffled in
>|his attempt to attain sense gratification, he takes to the
>|cause of salvation in order to become one with the supreme
>|whole. All these activities arise with the same aim in view-
>|sense gratification.
3027|In the Vedas, the four primary subjects mentioned above are
>|prescribed in a regulative way so that there will not be
>|undue competition for sense gratification. However, Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam is transcendental to all the sense gratifying
>|activities of the material world. It is a pure
>|transcendental literature, understandable by the devotees
>|of the Lord who are above competition in sense
>|gratification. In the material world there is keen
>|competition between animals, men, communities and even
>|nations in an attempt to gratify the senses, but the
>|devotees of the Lord are above all this. Devotees have no
>|need to compete with materialists because they are on the
>|path back to Godhead, back home where everything is eternal,
>| full and blissful. Such transcendentalists are a hundred
>|percent nonenvious and are therefore pure in heart. Because
>|everyone in the material world is envious, there is
>|competition. The devotees of the Lord are not only free
>|from all material envy, but they are also kind to everyone
>|in an attempt to establish a competitionless society with
>|God in the center.
3028|The socialist's idea of a society devoid of competition is
>|artificial because even in the socialist states there is
>|competition for power. It is a fact that the principle of
>|sense gratification is the basic principle of materialistic
>|life, and this can be realized either from reading the
>|Vedas or simply from observing common human activities. The
>|Vedas recommend fruitive activities by which people can
>|advance to higher planets, and they also recommend worship
>|of the various demigods for the purpose of attaining their
>|planets. Ultimately the Vedas recommend activities by which
>|one can reach the Absolute Truth and realize His impersonal
>|feature in order to become one with Him. However, the
>|impersonal aspect of the Absolute Truth is not the last
>|word. Above the impersonal feature is the Paramatma, or the
>|Supersoul, and above that is the Supreme Personality.
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam gives information about the personal
>|qualities of the Absolute Truth, qualities which are beyond
>|the impersonal aspect. Topics concerning these qualities
>|are greater than topics of impersonal philosophical
>|speculation; consequently Srimad-Bhagavatam is given higher
>|status than the jnana-kanda portions of the Vedas. Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam is also greater than the karma-kanda and upasana-
>|kanda portions as well because it recommends the worship of
>|the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Sri Krsna, the divine
>|son of Vasudeva. The karma-kanda portion of the Vedas is
>|fraught with competition to reach heavenly planets for
>|better sense gratification, and this competition is also
>|seen in the jnana-kanda and upasana-kanda portions. Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam is above all of these because it aims only at
>|the Supreme Truth, the substance or root of all categories.
3029|In other words, from Srimad-Bhagavatam we can know the
>|substance as well as the relativities in their true sense
>|and perspective. The substance is the Absolute Truth, the
>|Supreme Personality of Godhead, and the relativities are
>|the different forms of energy which emanate from Him. Since
>|the living entities are also related to His energies, there
>|is nothing really different from the substance. At the same
>|time, the energies are different from the substance. In the
>|material sense, this conception is self-contradictory, but
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam explicitly deals with this aspect of
>|simultaneous oneness and difference. This philosophy is
>|also found in the Vedanta-sutra beginning with the janmady
>|asya sutra. Knowledge of the simultaneous oneness and
>|difference found in the Absolute Truth is imparted for the
>|well-being of everyone. Mental speculators mislead people
>|by establishing the energy of the Lord as absolute, but
>|when the truth of simultaneous oneness and difference is
>|understood, the imperfect concepts of monism and dualism
>|cease to satisfy. By understanding the Lord's simultaneous
>|oneness with and difference from His creation, one can
>|immediately attain freedom from the threefold miseries-
>|miseries inflicted by the body and mind, by other living
>|entities and by acts of nature.
3030|Srimad-Bhagavatam begins with the surrender of the living
>|entity unto the Absolute Person. This surrender is made
>|with clear consciousness and awareness of the devotee's
>|oneness with the Absolute, and, at the same time, of his
>|eternal position of servitorship. In the material
>|conception, one thinks himself to be the Lord of all he
>|surveys; consequently he is always troubled by the
>|threefold miseries of life. As soon as one comes to know
>|his real position in transcendental service, he at once
>|becomes freed from all these miseries. The position of
>|servitor is wasted in the material conception of life. In
>|an attempt to dominate material nature, the living entity
>|is forced to offer his service to relative material energy.
>|When this service is transferred to the Lord in pure
>|consciousness of spiritual identity, the living entity at
>|once becomes free from the encumbrances of material
>|affection.
3031|Over and above this, Srimad-Bhagavatam is the personal
>|commentary on Vedanta-sutra made by Vyasadeva when he had
>|attained maturity in spiritual realization. He was able to
>|write it by the help of Narada's mercy. Vyasadeva is also
>|an incarnation of Narayana, the Personality of Godhead;
>|therefore there is no question about his authority.
>|Although he is the author of all Vedic literature, he
>|specifically recommends the study of Srimad-Bhagavatam. In
>|other puranas various methods for worshiping demigods are
>|mentioned, but in Srimad-Bhagavatam only the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead is mentioned. The Supreme Lord is
>|the total body, and the demigods are different parts of
>|that body. Thus if one worships the Supreme Lord, he need
>|not worship the demigods, for the Supreme Lord is in the
>|hearts of all demigods. Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu
>|distinguished Srimad-Bhagavatam from all other puranas by
>|recommending it as the spotless Purana.
3032|The method by which the transcendental message is received
>|is the method of submissive hearing. A challenging attitude
>|cannot help one receive or realize the transcendental
>|message; therefore in the second verse of Srimad-Bhagavatam
>|the word susrusu is used. This word indicates that one
>|should be anxious to hear the transcendental message. The
>|desire to hear with interest is the primary qualification
>|for assimilating transcendental knowledge. Unfortunately
>|many people are not interested in patiently hearing the
>|message of Srimad-Bhagavatam. The process is simple but the
>|application difficult. Those who are unfortunate will find
>|time to hear ordinary social and political topics, but when
>|they are invited to attend an assembly to hear Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam, they are reluctant to attend. Sometimes people
>|indulge in hearing portions of Srimad-Bhagavatam which they
>|are not prepared to hear. Professional readers of the
>|Bhagavatam indulge in reading the confidential portions
>|dealing with the pastimes of the Supreme Lord. These
>|portions appear to read like sex literature. However,
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam is meant to be heard from the beginning,
>|and those who are fit to assimilate the messages of
>|Bhagavatam are mentioned in the very beginning (SB 1.1.2):
>|A bona fide audience fit to hear Srimad-Bhagavatam is
>|generated after many pious deeds. An intellectual person
>|can believe in the assurances of the great sage Vyasadeva
>|and patiently hear the messages of Srimad-Bhagavatam in
>|order to realize the Supreme Personality of Godhead
>|directly. One need not struggle through the different Vedic
>|stages of realization, for one can be lifted to the
>|position of paramahamsa simply by agreeing to hear the
>|message of Srimad-Bhagavatam with patience. The sages of
>|Naimisaranya told Suta Gosvami that they were intensely
>|desirous of understanding Srimad-Bhagavatam. They were
>|hearing from Suta Gosvami about Krsna, the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead, and they were never satiated by
>|these discussions. People who are really attached to Krsna
>|never want to stop hearing about Him.
3033|Lord Caitanya therefore advised Prakasananda Sarasvati: "
>|Always read Srimad-Bhagavatam and try to understand each
>|and every verse. Then you will actually understand Brahma-
>|sutra. You say that you are very anxious to study Vedanta-
>|sutra, but you cannot understand Vedanta-sutra without
>|understanding Srimad-Bhagavatam." He also advised
>|Prakasananda Sarasvati to always chant Hare Krsna, Hare
>|Krsna, Krsna Krsna, Hare Hare/Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama
>|Rama, Hare Hare. "And, by doing so, you will very easily be
>|liberated. After liberation you will be eligible to achieve
>|the highest goal of life, love of Godhead."
3034|The Lord then recited many verses from authoritative
>|scriptures like Srimad-Bhagavatam, Bhagavad-gita and
>|Nrsimha-tapani. In particular, he quoted the following
>|verse from Bhagavad-gita.
3035|brahma-bhutah prasannatma
3036|na socati na kanksati
3037|samah sarvesu bhutesu
3038|mad-bhaktim labhate param
3039|"One who is transcendentally situated at once realizes the
>|Supreme Brahman. He never laments nor desires to have
>|anything; he is equally disposed to every living entity. In
>|that state he attains pure devotional service unto Me." (Bg.
>| 18.54)
3040|When a person reaches this brahma-bhuta [SB 4.30.20]
>|platform, he sees all living entities equally and becomes a
>|pure devotee of the Supreme Lord. In the Nrsimha-tapani (2.
>|5.16) it is said that when a person is actually liberated
>|he can understand the transcendental pastimes of the
>|Supreme Lord and thus engage in His devotional service.
>|Lord Caitanya also quoted a verse from the Second Canto of
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam (2.1.9) in which Sukadeva Gosvami admits
>|that although he was elevated to the liberated stage and
>|free from the clutches of maya, he was still attracted by
>|the transcendental pastimes of Krsna. Consequently he
>|studied Srimad-Bhagavatam from his great father, Vyasadeva.
3041|Lord Caitanya also quoted another sloka from Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam (3.15.43) dealing with the Kumaras. When the
>|Kumaras entered the temple of the Lord, they were attracted
>|by the aroma of flowers and tulasi leaves offered to the
>|lotus feet of the Lord with pulp of sandalwood. Simply by
>|smelling the aroma of these offerings, the minds of the
>|Kumaras turned to the service of the Supreme Lord, despite
>|the fact that the Kumaras were already liberated souls. It
>|is stated elsewhere in Bhagavatam (1.7.10) that even if one
>|is a liberated soul and is actually free from material
>|contamination, he can still, without cause, become
>|attracted to the devotional service of the Supreme Lord.
>|Thus God is so attractive, and because He is so attractive,
>|He is called Krsna.
3042|In this way Lord Caitanya discussed the Atmarama verse from
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam with Prakasananda Sarasvati. Lord
>|Caitanya's admirer, the Maharastriya brahmana, related that
>|the Lord explained this verse in sixty-one different ways.
>|Everyone assembled was very eager to hear the different
>|versions of the Atmarama sloka again, and since they were
>|so eager, Lord Caitanya again explained the sloka in the
>|same way that He had explained it to Sanatana Gosvami.
>|Everyone who heard the explanations of the Atmarama sloka
>|was amazed. Indeed, everyone considered Lord Caitanya to be
>|none other than Sri Krsna Himself.
3043|TLC 24: Talks with Sarvabhauma Bhattacarya
3044|Chapter Twenty-four:
3045|Talks with Sarvabhauma Bhattacarya
3046|When Lord Caitanya met Sarvabhauma Bhattacarya at
>|Jagannatha Puri, Bhattacarya, being the greatest logician
>|of the day, also wanted to teach the Lord Vedanta. Since
>|Bhattacarya was an elderly man, the age of Lord Caitanya's
>|father, He took compassion on the young sannyasi and
>|requested Him to learn Vedanta-sutra from him. Otherwise,
>|Bhattacarya maintained, it would be difficult for Lord
>|Caitanya to continue as a sannyasi. When the Lord finally
>|agreed, Bhattacarya began to teach Him in the temple of
>|Jagannatha. Bhattacarya lectured on the Vedanta-sutra
>|continuously for seven days, and the Lord heard him without
>|speaking a word. On the eighth day, Bhattacarya said: "You
>|have been hearing Vedanta-sutra from me for the past week,
>|but You have not asked any questions, nor have You
>|indicated that I am explaining it nicely. Therefore I
>|cannot tell whether You are understanding me or not."
3047|"I am a fool," the Lord replied. "I have no capacity to
>|study Vedanta-sutra, but since you asked Me to hear you, I
>|am trying to listen. I am simply listening to you because
>|you said that it is the duty of every sannyasi to hear
>|Vedanta-sutra. But as far as the meaning you are conveying
>|is concerned-I cannot understand that." Thus the Lord
>|indicated that in the Mayavadi sampradaya there are many so-
>|called sannyasis who, even though illiterate and
>|unintelligent, hear Vedanta-sutra from their spiritual
>|master just as a matter of formality. Although they listen,
>|they do not understand anything. As far as Lord Caitanya
>|was concerned, He said that He did not understand the
>|explanation of Bhattacarya not because it was too difficult
>|for His understanding but because He did not approve of the
>|Mayavadi interpretation.
3048|When the Lord said that He was an uneducated fool and could
>|not follow the expositions, Bhattacarya replied: "If You do
>|not follow what I am saying, why don't You inquire? Why do
>|You simply sit silently? It appears that You do have
>|something to say about my explanations."
3049|"My dear sir," the Lord replied. "As far as the Vedanta-
>|sutra or the codes of Vedanta are concerned, I can
>|understand the meaning quite well. However, I cannot
>|understand your explanations. There is nothing really
>|difficult about the meaning of the original Vedanta-sutra,
>|but the way you explain Vedanta-sutra appears to obscure
>|the real meaning. You do not elucidate the direct meaning
>|but imagine something and consequently obscure the true
>|meaning. I think that you have a particular doctrine which
>|you are trying to expound through the codes of Vedanta-
>|sutra."
3050|According to Muktika Upanisad, there are 108 Upanisads.
>|Among these are: (1) Isa, (2) Kena, (3) Katha, (4) Prasna, (
>|5) Mundaka, (6) Mandukya, (7) Tittiri, (8) Aitareya, (9)
>|Chandogya, (10) Brhad-aranyaka, (11) Brahma, (12) Kaivalya,
>|(13) Javala, (14) Svetasva, (15) Hansa, (16) Arunih, (17)
>|Garbha, (18) Narayana, etc. These 108 Upanisads contain all
>|knowledge about the Absolute Truth. Sometimes people
>|inquire abou the meaning of these 108 prayer beads, but
>|because we think there are 108 Upanisads which contain full
>|knowledge of the Absolute Truth, therefore 108 beads are
>|accepted. Sometimes on the other hand, the Vaisnava
>|transcendentalists think that the 108 beads represent the
>|108 companions of Lord Krsna in His rasa dance, and
>|therefore 108 beads are accepted.
3051|Lord Caitanya protested against misinterpretations of the
>|Upanisads, and He rejected any explanation which did not
>|give the direct meaning of the Upanisads. The direct
>|interpretation is called abhidha-vrtti, whereas the
>|indirect interpretation is called laksana-vrtti, The
>|indirect interpretation serves no purpose. There are four
>|kinds of understanding, called: (1) direct understanding (
>|pratyaksa), (2) hypothetical understanding (anumana), (3)
>|historical understanding (aitihya) and (4) understanding
>|through sound (sabda). Of these four, understanding from
>|the Vedic scriptures (which are the sound representations
>|of the Absolute Truth) is the best method. The traditional
>|Vedic students accept understanding through sound to be the
>|best.
3052|The stool and bone of any living entity are considered to
>|be impure according to Vedic literatures, yet the Vedic
>|literatures assert that cow dung and conchshells are pure.
>|Apparently these statements are contradictory, but because
>|cow dung and conchshells are considered pure by the Vedas,
>|they are accepted as pure by the followers of the Vedas. If
>|we want to understand the statements by indirect
>|interpretation, then we have to challenge the Vedic
>|statements. In other words, Vedic statements cannot be
>|accepted by our imperfect interpretations; they must be
>|accepted as they are. If they are not accepted in this way,
>|there is no authority in the Vedic statements.
3053|According to Lord Caitanya, those who try to give personal
>|interpretations to the Vedic statements are not at all
>|intelligent. They mislead their followers by inventing
>|their own interpretations. In India there is a class of men
>|known as arya-samaja who say that they accept the original
>|Vedas only and reject all other Vedic literatures. The
>|motive of these people, however, is to give their own
>|interpretation. According to Lord Caitanya, such
>|interpretations are not to be accepted. They are simply not
>|Vedic. Lord Caitanya said that the Vedic statements of the
>|Upanisads are like sunlight. Everything is clear and very
>|distinct when it is seen in the sunlight; the statements of
>|the Vedas are similarly clear and distinct. The Mayavadi
>|philosophers simply cover the sunlight with the cloud of
>|misinterpretation.
3054|Lord Caitanya then said that all the Vedic statements of
>|the Upanisads aim at the ultimate truth known as Brahman.
>|The word Brahman means "the greatest," and when we speak of
>|the greatest we immediately refer to the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead, the source of all emanations.
>|Unless the greatest possesses six opulences in full, he
>|cannot be called the greatest. The greatest, who is full in
>|six opulences, is the Supreme Personality of Godhead. In
>|other words, the Supreme Brahman is the Supreme Personality
>|of Godhead as well. In Bhagavad-gita (10.12) Krsna is
>|accepted by Arjuna as the Supreme Brahman (param brahma).
>|The conceptions of the impersonal Brahman and the localized
>|Supersoul are contained within the understanding of the
>|Supreme Personality of Godhead.
3055|Whenever we speak of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, we
>|add the word sri, indicating that He is full with six
>|opulences. In other words, He is eternally a person; if He
>|were not a person, the six opulences could not be present
>|in fullness. If we say that the Supreme Absolute Truth is
>|impersonal, we mean that His personality is not material.
>|Thus in order to distinguish His transcendental body from
>|ordinary material bodies, some philosophers have explained
>|Him as being impersonal from the material point of view. In
>|other words, material personality is denied, and spiritual
>|personality is established. In the Svetasvatara Upanisad (3.
>|19) it is clearly explained that the Absolute Truth has no
>|material legs and hands, but in that scripture it is
>|indicated that He has spiritual hands by which He accepts
>|everything offered to Him. Similarly, He has no material
>|eyes, but He does have spiritual eyes by which He can see
>|everything and anything. Although He has no material ears,
>|He can hear everything and anything. Having perfect senses,
>|He knows past, future and present. Indeed, He knows
>|everything, but no one can understand Him, for by material
>|senses He cannot be understood. Being the origin of all
>|emanations, He is the supreme, the greatest, the
>|Personality of Godhead.
3056|There are many similar Vedic hymns which definitely
>|establish that the Supreme Absolute Truth is a person who
>|is not of this material world. For instance, in the
>|Hayasirsa-pancaratra it is explained that although in each
>|and every Upanisad the Supreme Brahman is first viewed as
>|impersonal, at the end the personal form of the Supreme
>|Lord is accepted. A similar verse occurs in Sri Isopanisad:
3057|hiranmayena patrena
3058|satyasyapihitam mukham
3059|tat tvam pusann apavrnu
3060|satya-dharmaya drstaye
3061|"O my Lord, sustainer of all that lives, Your real face is
>|covered by Your dazzling effulgence. Please remove that
>|covering and exhibit Yourself to Your pure devotee." (Isa.
>|15)
3062|This verse indicates that everyone should engage in
>|devotional service to the Supreme Lord, who is the
>|maintainer of this whole universe. Everyone is sustained by
>|His mercy; therefore devotional service unto Him
>|constitutes the true religion. The Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead is the eternal form of sac-cid-ananda, and His
>|effulgence is spread throughout the creation, just as
>|sunshine is spread throughout the solar system. And just as
>|the sun disc is covered by the glaring effulgence of the
>|sunshine, the transcendental form of the Lord is covered by
>|the glaring effulgence called brahmajyoti. Indeed, in this
>|verse it is clearly stated that the eternal, blissful,
>|cognizant form of the Supreme Lord is to be found within
>|the glaring effulgence of the brahmajyoti, which emanates
>|from the body of the Supreme Lord. Thus the personal body
>|of the Lord is the source of the brahmajyoti, as confirmed
>|in Bhagavad-gita (Bg. 14.27). That the impersonal Brahman
>|is dependent on the Supreme Personality is stated in the
>|Hayasirsa-pancaratra and in every other Upanisad or Vedic
>|scripture. Indeed, whenever there is talk of the impersonal
>|Brahman in the beginning, the Supreme Personality is
>|finally established at the end. Just as Isopanisad
>|indicates, the Supreme Absolute Truth is both impersonal
>|and personal eternally, but His personal aspect is more
>|important than the impersonal one.
3063|According to a mantra in Taittiriya Upanisad (yato va imani
>|bhutani jayante) this cosmic manifestation is but an
>|emanation from the Supreme Absolute Truth, and it rests in
>|the Supreme Absolute Truth. The Absolute Truth has been
>|called the ablative, causative and locative performer. Thus
>|as a performer, He is the Supreme Personality of Godhead,
>|for these are symptoms of personality. As the ablative
>|performer of this cosmic manifestation, all thinking,
>|feeling and willing come from Him. Without thinking,
>|feeling and willing, there is no possibility of arrangement
>|and design in the cosmic manifestation. Then again, He is
>|causative, for He is the original designer of the cosmos.
>|And He is locative: that is, everything is resting in His
>|energy. These attributes are all clearly attributes of
>|personality.
3064|In the Chandogya Upanisad (5.2.3), it is said that when the
>|Supreme Personality of Godhead desires to become many, He
>|turns over material nature. As also confirmed in Aitareya
>|Upanisad (1.1), sa aiksata: "The Lord glanced at material
>|nature." The cosmic manifestation did not exist before His
>|glance; therefore His glance is not materially contaminated.
>| His seeing power existed before the material creation;
>|therefore His body is not material. His thinking, feeling
>|and acting are all transcendental. In other words, it
>|should be concluded that the mind by which the Lord thinks,
>|feels and wills is transcendental, and the eyes by which He
>|glances over material nature are also transcendental. Since
>|His transcendental body and all His senses existed before
>|the material creation, the Lord also has a transcendental
>|mind and transcendental thinking, feeling and willing. This
>|is the conclusion of all Vedic literature.
3065|The word Brahman is found everywhere throughout the
>|Upanisads. In Srimad-Bhagavatam, Brahman, Paramatma and
>|Bhagavan, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, are all taken
>|together as the Absolute Truth. Brahman and Paramatma
>|realization are considered stages toward the ultimate
>|realization, which is realization of the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead. This is the real conclusion of all
>|Vedic literatures.
3066|Thus according to the evidences afforded by various Vedic
>|scriptures, the Supreme Lord Krsna is accepted as the
>|ultimate goal of Brahman realization. Bhagavad-gita (Bg. 7.
>|7) also confirms that there is nothing superior to Krsna.
>|Madhvacarya, one of the greatest acaryas in Brahma's
>|disciplic succession, has stated in his explanation to the
>|Vedanta-sutra that everything can be seen through the
>|authorities of the scriptures. He quoted a verse from
>|Skanda Purana in which it is stated that the Rg Veda, Sama
>|Veda, Atharva Veda, Mahabharata, Pancaratra and the
>|original Ramayana are actually Vedic evidence. The Puranas,
>|which are accepted by the Vaisnavas, are also considered to
>|be Vedic evidence. Indeed, whatever is contained in that
>|literature should be taken without argument as the ultimate
>|conclusion, and all these literatures proclaim Krsna to be
>|the Supreme Personality of Godhead.
3067|TLC 25: Personal and Impersonal Realization
3068|Chapter Twenty-Five:
3069|Personal and Impersonal Realization
3070|The Puranas are called supplementary Vedic literatures.
>|Because sometimes in the original Vedas the subject matter
>|is too difficult for the common man to understand, the
>|Puranas explain matters simply by the use of stories and
>|historical incidents. In Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.14.32) it is
>|stated that Maharaja Nanda and the cowherd men and
>|inhabitants of Vrndavana are very fortunate because the
>|Supreme Brahman, the Personality of Godhead, full of bliss,
>|engages in His eternal pastimes as their friend.
3071|According to Svetasvatara Upanisad, the apani-pado javano
>|grahita mantra confirms that although Brahman has no
>|material hands and legs, He nonetheless walks in a very
>|stately way and accepts everything that is offered to Him.
>|This suggests that He has transcendental limbs and is
>|therefore not impersonal. One who does not understand the
>|Vedic principles simply stresses the impersonal material
>|features of the Supreme Absolute Truth and thus incorrectly
>|calls the Absolute Truth impersonal. The impersonalist
>|Mayavadi philosophers want to establish the Absolute Truth
>|as impersonal, but this is in contradiction to Vedic
>|literature. Although Vedic literatures confirm the fact
>|that the Supreme Absolute Truth has multiple energies, the
>|Mayavadi impersonalists still try to establish that the
>|Absolute Truth has no energy. The fact remains, however,
>|that the Absolute Truth is full of energy and is a person
>|as well. It is not possible to establish Him as impersonal.
3072|According to the Visnu Purana (6.7.61-3), the living
>|entities are considered ksetrajna energy. Although the
>|living entity is part and parcel of the Supreme Lord and is
>|fully cognizant, he nonetheless becomes entrapped by
>|material contamination and suffers all the miseries of
>|material life. Such living entities live in different ways
>|in accordance to the degree of their entanglement in
>|material nature. The original energy of the Supreme Lord is
>|spiritual and nondifferent from the Supreme Absolute
>|Personality of Godhead. The living entity is called the
>|marginal energy of the Supreme Lord, and the material
>|energy is called the inferior energy. Due to his material
>|inebriety, the living entity in the marginal position
>|becomes entangled with the inferior energy, matter. At such
>|a time he forgets his spiritual significance, identifies
>|himself with material energy and thereby becomes subjected
>|to the threefold miseries. Only when he is free from such
>|material contamination can he be situated in his proper
>|position.
3073|According to Vedic instructions, one should understand the
>|constitutional position of the living entity, the position
>|of the Lord, and the position of material energy in their
>|interrelation. First of all, one should try to understand
>|the constitutional position of the Supreme Lord, the
>|Personality of Godhead. That Supreme Lord has an eternal,
>|cognizant, blissful body, and His spiritual energy is
>|distributed as eternity, knowledge and bliss. In His
>|blissful identity can be found His pleasure potency, and in
>|His eternal identity He can be seen as the cause of
>|everything. In His cognizant identity, He is the supreme
>|knowledge. Indeed, the word krsna indicates that supreme
>|knowledge. In other words, the Supreme Personality, Krsna,
>|is the reservoir of all knowledge, pleasure and eternity.
>|The supreme knowledge of Krsna is exhibited in three
>|different energies-internal, marginal and external. By
>|virtue of His internal energy, He exists in Himself with
>|His spiritual paraphernalia; by means of His marginal
>|energy, He exhibits Himself as the living entities, and by
>|means of His external energy He exhibits Himself as
>|material energy. Behind each and every energetic exhibition
>|there is the background of eternity, pleasure, potency and
>|full cognizance.
3074|The conditioned soul is the marginal potency overpowered by
>|the external potency. However, when the marginal potency
>|comes under the jurisdiction of the spiritual potency, it
>|becomes eligible for love of Godhead. The Supreme Lord
>|enjoys six kinds of opulences, and no one can establish
>|that He is formless or that He is without energy. If
>|someone claims so, his contention is completely opposed to
>|the Vedic instructions. Actually the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead is the master of all energies. It is only the
>|living entity, who is an infinitesimal part and parcel of
>|Him, who is overpowered by the material energy.
3075|In the Mundaka Upanisad it is stated that there are two
>|birds sitting on the same tree, and one of these birds is
>|eating the fruit of this tree while the other bird is
>|simply witnessing his activities. Only when the bird eating
>|the fruit looks at the other bird does he become free from
>|all anxieties. This is the position of the infinitesimal
>|living entity. As long as he is forgetful of the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead, who witnesses all his activities,
>|he is subjected to the threefold miseries. But when he
>|looks to the Supreme Lord and becomes the Supreme Lord's
>|devotee, he becomes free from all anxieties and material
>|miseries. The living entity is eternally subordinate to the
>|Supreme Lord; the Supreme Lord is always the master of all
>|energies, whereas the living entity is always under the
>|domination of the Lord's energies. Although qualitatively
>|one with the Supreme Lord, the living entity has the
>|tendency to lord it over material nature; however, being
>|infinitesimal, he is actually controlled by material nature.
>| Thus the living entity is called the marginal potency of
>|the Lord.
3076|Because the living entity tends to be controlled by
>|material nature, he cannot at any stage become one with the
>|Supreme Lord. If a living entity were equal to the Supreme
>|Lord, there would be no possibility of his being controlled
>|by material energy. In Bhagavad-gita the living entity is
>|described as one of the energies of the Supreme Lord.
>|Although inseparable from the energetic, energy is still
>|energy, and it cannot be equal with the energetic. In other
>|words, the living entity is simultaneously one and
>|different from the Supreme Lord. Bhagavad-gita (7.4-5)
>|clearly states that earth, water, fire, air, ether, mind,
>|intelligence and false ego are the eight elementary
>|energies of the Supreme Lord and are of inferior quality,
>|whereas the living entity is of superior quality. The Vedic
>|literatures confirm the fact that the transcendental form
>|of the Supreme Lord is eternal, blissful and full of
>|knowledge.
3077|The form of the Supreme Lord which is beyond the modes of
>|material nature is not like the forms of this material
>|world. His form is fully spiritual and cannot be compared
>|with any material form. According to Vedic literatures, one
>|who does not accept the spiritual form of the Supreme Lord
>|is an atheist. Because Lord Buddha did not accept these
>|Vedic principles, the Vedic teachers consider him to be an
>|atheist. Although Mayavadi philosophers pretend to accept
>|the Vedic principles, they indirectly preach Buddhist
>|philosophy, or atheistic philosophy, and do not accept the
>|Supreme Personality of Godhead. Mayavadi philosophy is
>|inferior to Buddhist philosophy, which directly denies
>|Vedic authority. Because it is disguised as Vedanta
>|philosophy, Mayavadi philosophy is more dangerous than
>|Buddhism or atheism.
3078|Vedanta-sutra is compiled by Vyasadeva for the benefit of
>|all living entities. It is through Vedanta-sutra that the
>|philosophy of bhakti-yoga can be understood. Unfortunately,
>|the Mayavadi commentary, Sariraka-bhasya, has practically
>|defeated the purpose of Vedanta-sutra. In the Mayavadi
>|commentary, the spiritual, transcendental form of the
>|Supreme Personality of Godhead has been denied, and the
>|Supreme Brahman has been dragged down to the level of the
>|individual Brahman, the living entity. Both the Supreme
>|Brahman and the individual Brahman have been denied
>|spiritual form and individuality, although it is clearly
>|stated that the Supreme Lord is the one supreme living
>|entity and the other living entities are the many
>|subordinate living entities. Thus reading the Mayavadi
>|commentaries on Vedanta-sutra is always dangerous. The
>|chief danger is that through these commentaries one may
>|come to consider the living entity to be equal to the
>|Supreme Lord. It is easy for a conditioned living entity to
>|be falsely directed in this way, and once he is so directed
>|he can never come to his actual position or enjoy his
>|eternal activity in bhakti yoga. In other words, the
>|Mayavadi philosophy has rendered the greatest disservice to
>|humanity by promoting the impersonal view of the Supreme
>|Lord. Thus Mayavadi philosophers deprive human society of
>|the real message of Vedanta-sutra.
3079|From the very beginning of Vedanta-sutra it is accepted
>|that the cosmic manifestation is but an energetic display
>|of the Supreme Lord. The very first aphorism (janmady asya [
>|SB 1.1.1]) describes the Supreme Brahman as He from whom
>|everything emanates. Everything is maintained by Him, and
>|everything is dissolved in Him. Thus the Absolute Truth is
>|the cause of creation, maintenance and dissolution. The
>|cause of a piece of fruit is the tree; when a tree produces
>|a piece of fruit, one cannot say that the tree is
>|impersonal. The tree may produce hundreds and thousands of
>|fruits, but it remains as it is. The fruit is produced, and
>|it develops and stays for some time; then it dwindles and
>|vanishes. This does not mean that the tree also vanishes.
>|Thus from the very beginning the Vedanta-sutra explains the
>|doctrine of by-products. These activities of production,
>|maintenance and dissolution are carried out by the
>|inconceivable energy of the Supreme Lord. The cosmic
>|manifestation is a transformation of the energy of the
>|Supreme Lord, although the energy of the Supreme Lord and
>|the Supreme Lord Himself are nondifferent and inseparable.
>|A touchstone may produce great quantities of gold in
>|contact with iron, but still the touchstone remains as it
>|is. Despite His producing huge material cosmic
>|manifestations, the Supreme Lord is always in His
>|transcendental form.
3080|Mayavadi philosophy has the audacity to reject the purpose
>|of Vyasadeva, as explained in the Vedanta-sutra, and to
>|attempt to establish a doctrine of transformation which is
>|totally imaginary. According to the Mayavadi philosophy,
>|the cosmic manifestation is but the transformation of the
>|Absolute Truth, and the Absolute Truth has no separate
>|existence outside the cosmic manifestation. This is not the
>|message of Vedanta-sutra. The transformation has been
>|explained by Mayavadi philosophers as false, but it is not
>|false. It is only temporary. The Mayavadi philosophers
>|maintain that the Absolute Truth is the only truth and that
>|this material manifestation known as the world is false.
>|Actually this is not the case. The material contamination
>|is not exactly false; because it is relative truth, it is
>|temporary. There is a difference between something that is
>|temporary and something that is false.
3081|Pranava, or omkara, is the chief vibration found in the
>|Vedic hymns, and omkara is considered to be the sound form
>|of the Supreme Lord. From omkara all Vedic hymns have
>|emanated, and the world itself has also emanated from this
>|omkara sound. The words tat tvam asi, also found in the
>|Vedic hymns, are not the chief vibrations but are
>|explanations of the constitutional position of the living
>|entity. Tat tvam asi means that the living entity is a
>|spiritual particle of the supreme spirit, but this is not
>|the chief motif of the Vedanta or Vedic literatures. The
>|chief sound representation of the Supreme is omkara.
3082|All these faulty explanations of Vedanta-sutra are
>|considered atheistic. Because the Mayavadi philosophers do
>|not accept the eternal transcendental form of the Supreme
>|Lord, they are unable to engage in real devotional service.
>|Thus the Mayavadi philosopher is forever bereft of Krsna
>|consciousness and Krsna's devotional service. The pure
>|devotee of the Personality of Godhead never accepts the
>|Mayavadi philosophy as an actual path to transcendental
>|realization. The Mayavadi philosophers hover in the moral
>|and immoral material atmosphere of the cosmic world and
>|consequently are always engaged in rejecting and accepting
>|material enjoyment. They have falsely accepted the
>|nonspiritual as the spiritual, and as a result they have
>|forgotten the spiritual eternal form of the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead, as well as His name, quality and
>|entourage. They consider the transcendental pastimes, name,
>|form and qualities of the Supreme to be products of
>|material nature. Because of their acceptance and rejection
>|of material pleasure and misery, the Mayavadi philosophers
>|are eternally subjected to material misery.
3083|The actual devotees of the Lord are always in disagreement
>|with the Mayavadi philosophers. There is no way that
>|impersonalism can possibly represent eternity, bliss and
>|knowledge. Being situated in imperfect knowledge of
>|liberation, the Mayavadi decries eternity, knowledge and
>|bliss as materialism. Because they reject devotional
>|service, they are unintelligent and unable to understand
>|the effects of devotional service. The word jugglery they
>|use in an attempt to amalgamate knowledge, the knowable and
>|the knower simply reveals them to be unintelligent. The
>|doctrine of by-product is the real purport of the beginning
>|of Vedanta-sutra. The Lord is empowered with innumerable
>|unlimited energies, and consequently He displays the by-
>|products of these energies in different ways. Everything is
>|under His control. The Supreme Lord is also the supreme
>|controller, and He is manifested in innumerable energies
>|and expansions.
3084|TLC 26: Bhattacarya is Converted
3085|Chapter Twenty-six:
3086|Bhattacarya is Converted
3087|For the impersonalist and voidist philosophers, the next
>|world is a world of senseless eternity and bliss. The
>|voidist philosophers want to establish that ultimately
>|everything is senseless, and the impersonalists want to
>|establish that in the next world there is simply knowledge
>|devoid of activity. Thus less intelligent salvationists try
>|to carry imperfect knowledge into the sphere of perfect
>|spiritual activity. Because the impersonalist experiences
>|material activity as miserable, he wants to establish
>|spiritual life without activity. He has no understanding of
>|the activities of devotional service. Indeed, spiritual
>|activity in devotional service is unintelligible to the
>|voidist philosophers and impersonalists. The Vaisnava
>|philosophers know perfectly well that the Absolute Truth,
>|the Supreme Personality of Godhead, can never be impersonal
>|or void because He possesses innumerable potencies. Through
>|His innumerable energies, He can present Himself in
>|multiple forms and still remain the Absolute Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead. Thus despite expanding Himself in
>|multiple forms and diffusing His innumerable energies, He
>|can maintain His transcendental position.
3088|Thus Lord Caitanya exposed many defects in the Mayavadi
>|philosophy, and although Bhattacarya tried to establish
>|himself by logic and word jugglery, Lord Caitanya was able
>|to maintain Himself from his attacks. The Lord established
>|that Vedic literature is meant for three things:
>|understanding our relationship with the Absolute Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead, acting according to that
>|understanding, and achieving the highest perfection of life,
>| love of Godhead. Anyone who tries to prove that the Vedic
>|literatures aim at anything else is of necessity a victim
>|of his own imagination.
3089|The Lord then quoted some verses from the Puranas by which
>|He established that Sankaracarya was deputed to teach by
>|the order of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. He quoted
>|a verse from the Padma Purana (62.31) in which it is stated
>|that the Lord ordered Mahadeva, Lord Siva, to present some
>|imaginary interpretations of Vedic literatures in order to
>|divert people from the actual purpose of the Vedas. "By
>|doing so you will attempt to make them atheists," the Lord
>|said. "After that, they can produce more population." It is
>|also stated in Padma Purana (25.9) that Lord Siva explained
>|to his wife, Parvati, that in the age of Kali he would come
>|in the form of a brahmana to preach an imperfect
>|interpretation of the Vedas, known as Mayavadism, which in
>|actuality is but a second edition of atheistic Buddhist
>|philosophy.
3090|Bhattacarya was overwhelmed by these explanations of Lord
>|Caitanya. After hearing Mayavada philosophy explained by
>|Lord Caitanya, he could not speak. After he remained silent
>|for some time, Lord Caitanya asked him, "My dear
>|Bhattacarya, don't be confused by this explanation. Please
>|take it from Me that the devotional service of the Supreme
>|Lord is the highest perfectional stage of human
>|understanding. Indeed, it is so attractive that even those
>|who are already liberated become devotees by the
>|inconceivable potency of the Supreme Personality of Godhead.
>|" There are many such conversions in Vedic literature. For
>|instance, in Srimad-Bhagavatam (1.7.10) the famous Atmarama
>|verse is especially meant for those who are attracted to
>|self-realization and liberated from all material
>|attachments. Such liberated impersonalists become attracted
>|to devotional service by the various activities of Lord
>|Krsna. Such are the transcendental qualities of the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead.
3091|Actually, in pure consciousness the living entity
>|understands himself as the eternal servant of the Supreme
>|Lord. Under the spell of illusion, a person accepts the
>|gross and subtle bodies as his self; such a conception is
>|the basis of the doctrine of transference. Actually the
>|part and parcel of the Supreme is not eternally subjected
>|to gross and subtle bodily life. The gross and subtle
>|coverings do not comprise the living entity's eternal form;
>|they can be changed. In other words, the living entity, who
>|is originally pure spirit, can be conditioned by the gross
>|and subtle bodies and, by freeing himself from these gross
>|and subtle conditionings, again attain his situation as
>|pure spirit. Mayavadi philosophers take advantage of this
>|doctrine of transference by saying that the living entity
>|is under the wrong impression when he thinks himself to be
>|part and parcel of the Supreme. They maintain that the
>|living entity is the Supreme Himself. This doctrine cannot
>|be tenable.
3092|Bhattacarya then asked Lord Caitanya to explain the famous
>|Atmarama verse, for he desired to hear it from the Lord
>|Himself. Lord Caitanya replied that first of all
>|Bhattacarya should explain the verse according to his own
>|understanding, and then Lord Caitanya would explain it.
>|Bhattacarya then began to explain the Atmarama sloka, using
>|his methods of logic and grammar. Thus he explained the
>|Atmarama sloka in nine different ways. The Lord appreciated
>|his erudite scholarship in explaining the verse and said: "
>|My dear Bhattacarya, I know that you are a representative
>|of the learned scholar Brhaspati and can explain any
>|portion of the sastras nicely. Yet your explanation is more
>|or less based on academic education only. Aside from this
>|academic scholarly approach, there is another explanation."
3093|Then, at the request of Bhattacarya, Lord Caitanya
>|explained the Atmarama sloka. The words of the verse were
>|analyzed thus: (1) atmaramah, (2) ca, (3) munayah, (4)
>|nirgranthah, (5) api, (6) urukrame, (7) kurvanti, (8)
>|ahaitukim, (9) bhaktim, (10) itthambhuta-gunah, (11) harih.
>|This verse has already been explained in the Lord's
>|teachings to Sanatana Gosvami. Lord Caitanya did not
>|mention the nine different explanations of Bhattacarya, but
>|He did explain the verse by analyzing these eleven words.
>|In this way, He expounded sixty-one different explanations
>|of the verse. In summary He said that the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead is full of innumerable potencies; no
>|one can estimate how many transcendental qualities He
>|possesses. His qualities are always inconceivable, and all
>|processes of self-realization inquire into the potencies,
>|energies and qualities of the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead. However, the devotees of the Lord immediately
>|accept the inconceivable position of the Lord. Lord
>|Caitanya explained that even great liberated souls like the
>|Kumaras and Sukadeva Gosvami were also attracted to the
>|transcendental qualities of the Supreme Lord. Bhattacarya
>|appreciated Lord Caitanya's explanation, and he concluded
>|that Lord Caitanya was none other than Krsna Himself.
>|Bhattacarya then began to deprecate his own position,
>|relating that he had at first considered Lord Caitanya to
>|be an ordinary human being and therefore committed an
>|offense. He then fell down at the lotus feet of Lord
>|Caitanya, deprecating himself, and requested the Lord to
>|show His causeless mercy upon him. Lord Caitanya
>|appreciated the humility of this great scholar and
>|therefore exhibited His own form, first with four hands,
>|and then with six hands (sadbhuja). Sarvabhauma Bhattacarya
>|then repeatedly fell down at the Lord's lotus feet and
>|composed various prayers to Him. He was undoubtedly a great
>|scholar, and after receiving the causeless mercy of the
>|Lord, he was empowered to explain the Lord's activities in
>|different ways. Indeed, he was able to express the method
>|of chanting Hare Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna Krsna, Hare Hare/
>|Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare.
3094|It is said that Sarvabhauma Bhattacarya composed a hundred
>|verses in appreciation of the Lord's activities, and that
>|those verses were so great that they could not even be
>|surpassed by Brhaspati, the greatest learned scholar in the
>|heavenly planets. The Lord was very pleased to hear these
>|hundred verses, and He embraced Bhattacarya. Bhattacarya
>|became overwhelmed with ecstasy by the Lord's touch, and he
>|practically fell unconscious. He cried, trembled, shivered
>|and perspired, and sometimes he danced and sang and fell at
>|the lotus feet of Lord Caitanya. Bhattacarya's brother-in-
>|law, Gopinatha Acarya, and the devotees of the Lord were
>|surprised to see the Bhattacarya transformed into a great
>|devotee.
3095|Gopinatha Acarya then began to thank the Lord: "It is by
>|Your grace only that Bhattacarya has been transformed from
>|his stonelike position into such a devotee." Lord Caitanya
>|then replied to Gopinatha Acarya that it was due to a
>|devotee's favor that a stonelike man could be transformed
>|into a mild, flowerlike devotee. Actually Gopinatha Acarya
>|had sincerely wished that his brother-in-law, Bhattacarya,
>|would become a devotee of the Lord. He had sincerely
>|desired that the Lord favor Bhattacarya, and he was glad to
>|see that his desire was fulfilled by Lord Caitanya. In
>|other words, a devotee of the Lord is more merciful than
>|the Lord Himself. When a devotee desires to show his mercy
>|to a person, the Lord acts, and by His grace one becomes a
>|devotee.
3096|Lord Caitanya pacified Bhattacarya and asked him to go home.
>| Bhattacarya again began to praise the Lord and said, "You
>|have descended Yourself to deliver all the fallen souls of
>|this material world. Such an undertaking is not very
>|difficult for You, but You have turned a stonehearted man
>|like me into a devotee, and that is very wonderful indeed.
>|Although I was very expert at logical arguments and
>|grammatical explanations of the Vedas, I was as hard as a
>|lump of iron. But Your influence and temperature were so
>|great that You could melt away a piece of iron like me."
3097|Lord Caitanya then returned to His place, and Bhattacarya
>|sent Gopinatha Acarya to Him with various kinds of prasada
>|from Jagannatha temple. The next day the Lord went to the
>|temple of Jagannatha early in the morning to attend mangala
>|arati. The priests in the temple brought Him a garland from
>|the Deity and also offered Him various kinds of prasada.
>|The Lord was very much pleased to receive them, and He at
>|once went to the house of Bhattacarya, taking the prasada
>|and the flowers to present to him. Although it was early in
>|the morning, Bhattacarya understood that the Lord had come
>|and was knocking on his door. He at once rose from his bed
>|and began to say, "Krsna! Krsna!" This was heard by Lord
>|Caitanya. When Bhattacarya opened the door, he saw the Lord
>|standing there, and he was so pleased to see Him early in
>|the morning that he tried to receive Him with all care. He
>|offered Him a nice seat, and both of them sat there. Lord
>|Caitanya then offered him the prasada which He had received
>|in the temple of Jagannatha, and Bhattacarya was very glad
>|to receive this prasada from the hands of Lord Caitanya
>|Himself. Indeed, without taking his bath and without
>|performing his daily duties or even washing his teeth, he
>|began immediately to eat the prasada. In this way, he was
>|freed from all material contamination and attachment, and
>|as he began to eat the prasada, he cited a verse from Padma
>|Purana. In Padma Purana it is stated that when prasada is
>|brought or received, it must be eaten immediately, even if
>|it has become very dry or old, or even if it is brought
>|from a distant place, or even if one has not completed
>|executing his daily duties. Since it is enjoined in the
>|sastras that prasada should immediately be taken, there is
>|no restriction of time and space; the order of the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead must be followed. There are
>|restrictions one must follow before accepting food from
>|various people, but there are no restrictions on accepting
>|prasada from all kinds of people. prasada is always
>|transcendental and can be taken under any condition. Lord
>|Caitanya was very pleased to see that Bhattacarya, who had
>|always obeyed the rules and regulations strictly, accepted
>|prasada without following any rules and regulations. Being
>|so pleased, Lord Caitanya embraced Bhattacarya, and they
>|both began to dance in transcendental ecstasy. In that
>|ecstasy, Lord Caitanya exclaimed: "My mission in Jagannatha
>|Puri is now fulfilled! I have converted a person like
>|Sarvabhauma Bhattacarya. I shall now be able to attain
>|Vaikuntha without fail."
3098|The missionary goal of a devotee is to convert simply one
>|person into a pure devotee. In this way his admission to
>|the spiritual kingdom is guaranteed. The Lord was so
>|pleased with Bhattacarya that He began to bless him
>|repeatedly: "Dear Bhattacarya, now you are a completely
>|pure devotee of Lord Krsna, and Krsna is now very much
>|pleased with you. From today you are freed from the
>|contamination of this material body and the entanglement of
>|material energy. You are now fit to go back to Godhead,
>|back home." The Lord then cited a verse from Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam (2.7.42)
3099|yesam sa eva bhagavan dayayed anantah
3100|sarvatmanasrita-pado yadi nirvyalikam
3101|te dustaram atitaranti ca deva-mayam
3102|naisam mamaham-iti dhih sva-srgala-bhaksye
3103|"Whoever takes complete shelter of the lotus feet of the
>|Supreme Lord is favored by the Supreme Lord, who is known
>|to be unlimited. Such a person also receives permission to
>|cross the ocean of nescience. However, one who thinks this
>|material body to be himself cannot receive the causeless
>|mercy of the Supreme Personality of Godhead."
3104|After this incident, Lord Caitanya returned to His place,
>|and Bhattacarya became a pure and faultless devotee. Since
>|he was formerly a great academic scholar, Bhattacarya could
>|only have been converted by the causeless mercy of Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu. From that day forward Bhattacarya never
>|explained any Vedic literature without explaining
>|devotional service. Gopinatha Acarya, his brother-in-law,
>|was so pleased to see Bhattacarya's condition that he began
>|to dance in ecstasy and vibrate the transcendental sound
>|Hare Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna Krsna, Hare Hare/ Hare Rama,
>|Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare.
3105|The next day, after visiting Jagannatha temple early in the
>|morning, Bhattacarya went to visit Lord Caitanya, and he
>|offered his respects by falling down before the Lord. He
>|then began to explain his past undesirable behavior. When
>|he asked the Lord to speak something of devotional service,
>|the Lord began to explicitly explain the verses of Brhan-
>|naradiya Purana, in which it is stated: harer nama harer
>|nama [Cc. Adi 17.21]. Upon hearing this explanation,
>|Bhattacarya became more and more ecstatic. Seeing the
>|condition of his brother-in-law, Gopinatha Acarya said, "My
>|dear Bhattacarya, previously I had said that when one is
>|favored by the Supreme Lord, he will understand the
>|techniques of devotional service. Today I am seeing this
>|fulfilled."
3106|Bhattacarya offered him his due respect and replied, "My
>|dear Gopinatha Acarya, it is through your mercy that I have
>|received the mercy of the Supreme Lord." The mercy of the
>|Supreme Personality of Godhead can be obtained by the mercy
>|of a pure devotee. Lord Caitanya's mercy was bestowed upon
>|Bhattacarya because of Gopinatha Acarya's endeavor. "You
>|are a great devotee of the Lord," Bhattacarya continued, "
>|and I was simply blinded by my academic education. Yes, I
>|have obtained the mercy of the Lord through your agency
>|only." Lord Caitanya Himself was greatly pleased to hear
>|Bhattacarya say that a man can obtain the mercy of the Lord
>|through the agency of a devotee. He appreciated his words
>|and embraced Bhattacarya, confirming his statement.
3107|The Lord then requested Bhattacarya to go to Jagannatha
>|temple again, and Bhattacarya started out for the temple
>|accompanied by Jagadananda and Damodara, two principal
>|associates of Lord Caitanya. After seeing Jagannatha temple,
>| Bhattacarya returned home and brought with him much
>|prasada purchased from the temple. He sent all this prasada
>|to Lord Caitanya through his brahmana servant.
3108|He also dispatched two verses written on palm tree leaves
>|and requested Jagadananda to render him a favor by
>|delivering them. Thus Lord Caitanya was offered the prasada
>|and the verses on the palm leaves. However, before reaching
>|the Lord, Mukunda Datta, who had also undertaken the
>|delivery of the verses, had copied the verses in his book.
>|When Lord Caitanya read the verses on the palm leaf, he
>|tore them to pieces, for He never liked to be praised by
>|anyone. The verses only survive because they had been
>|copied by Mukunda Datta. These verses praised the Lord, the
>|Supreme Original Personality of Godhead who had descended
>|as Lord Caitanya to preach detachment, transcendental
>|knowledge and devotional service to the people in general.
>|Lord Caitanya was praised as the original Personality of
>|Godhead and was compared with an ocean of mercy. "Let me
>|surrender unto that Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu," the verses
>|stated. "The Lord, seeing that devotional service was
>|absent, descended Himself in the form of Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu to preach devotional service. Let us all
>|surrender unto His lotus feet and learn from Him what
>|devotional service actually is." These verses are
>|considered to be most important jewels by the devotees of
>|the Lord in disciplic succession, and by virtue of these
>|famous verses Sarvabhauma Bhattacarya has become known as
>|the highest of devotees.
3109|Thus Sarvabhauma Bhattacarya was converted into one of the
>|most important devotees of the Lord, and he had no other
>|interest than to serve the Lord. He thought of Lord
>|Caitanya constantly, and meditation and chanting became the
>|main purpose of his life.
3110|One day Sarvabhauma Bhattacarya came before the Lord,
>|offered his respects and began to read a verse from Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam (10.14.8). This verse dealt with Lord Brahma's
>|prayer to the Lord. The verse read:
3111|tat te 'nukampam susamiksamano
3112|bhunjana evatma-krtam vipakam
3113|hrd-vag-vapurbhir vidadhan namas te
3114|jiveta yo mukti-pade sa daya-bhak
3115|"A person who devotes his mind, body and speech to the
>|service of the Lord, even though in the midst of a
>|miserable life fraught with past misdeeds, is assured of
>|liberation." Bhattacarya changed the word mukti (liberation)
>| to bhakti (devotional service).
3116|"Why have you changed the original verse?" the Lord asked
>|Bhattacarya. "The word is mukti, and you have changed it to
>|bhakti." Bhattacarya then replied that mukti is not as
>|valuable as bhakti and that mukti is actually a sort of
>|punishment for the pure devotee. For this reason he changed
>|the word mukti to bhakti. Bhattacarya then began to explain
>|his realization of bhakti. "Anyone who does not accept the
>|transcendental Personality of Godhead and His
>|transcendental form cannot know the Absolute Truth," he
>|said.
3117|One who does not understand the transcendental nature of
>|the body of Krsna becomes Krsna's enemy and defies or
>|fights with Him. The enemies eventually merge into the Lord'
>|s Brahman effulgence. Such mukti or liberation into the
>|Brahman effulgence is never desired by the Lord's devotees.
>|There are five kinds of liberation: (1) attaining the
>|planet where the Lord resides, (2) associating with the
>|Lord, (3) attaining a transcendental body like the Lord's, (
>|4) attaining opulence like the Lord, and (5) merging into
>|the existence of the Lord. A devotee has no particular
>|interest in any of these types of liberation. He is
>|satisfied simply by being engaged in the transcendental
>|loving service of the Lord. A devotee is especially adverse
>|to merging into the existence of the Lord and losing his
>|individual identity. Indeed, a devotee considers oneness
>|with the Lord to be hellish. He will, however, accept one
>|of the four other kinds of liberation in consideration for
>|being engaged in the service of the Lord. Out of the two
>|possibilities of merging in transcendence-namely becoming
>|one with the impersonal Brahman effulgence and becoming one
>|with the Personality of Godhead-the latter is more
>|abominable to the devotee. The devotee has no aspiration
>|other than engaging in the transcendental loving service of
>|the Lord.
3118|On hearing this, Lord Caitanya informed Bhattacarya that
>|there is another purport to the word mukti. The word mukti-
>|pade directly indicates the Personality of Godhead. The
>|Personality of Godhead has innumerable liberated souls
>|engaged in His transcendental loving service, and He is the
>|ultimate resort of liberation. In any case, Krsna is the
>|ultimate shelter.
3119|"Despite this reading," Sarvabhauma Bhattacarya replied, "I
>|prefer bhakti to mukti. Although according to You there are
>|two meanings to the word mukti, still, because this word is
>|equivocal, I prefer bhakti to mukti because when one hears
>|the word mukti, he immediately thinks of becoming one with
>|the Supreme. I therefore even hate to utter the word mukti.
>|However, I am very enthusiastic to speak of bhakti."
3120|Lord Caitanya laughed very loudly at this and embraced
>|Bhattacarya with great love.
3121|Thus Bhattacarya, who had taken pleasure in explaining
>|Mayavadi philosophy, became such a staunch devotee that he
>|even hated to utter the word mukti. This is only possible
>|by the causeless mercy of the Lord Sri Caitanya. The Lord
>|is like a touchstone, for by His grace He can turn iron
>|into gold. After his conversion, everyone marked a great
>|change in Bhattacarya, and they concluded that this change
>|was made possible only by the inconceivable power of Lord
>|Caitanya. Thus they took it for granted that Lord Caitanya
>|was none other than Lord Krsna Himself.
3122|TLC 27: Lord Caitanya and Ramananda Raya
3123|Chapter Twenty-seven:
3124|Lord Caitanya and Ramananda Raya
3125|The author of Caitanya-caritamrta has described Lord
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu as the ocean of transcendental
>|knowledge and Sri Ramananda Raya as the cloud which is
>|produced from that ocean. Ramananda Raya was a greatly
>|advanced scholar in devotional service, and by the grace of
>|Lord Caitanya he gathered all transcendental conclusions
>|just as a cloud gathers water from the ocean. As clouds
>|appear from the ocean, distribute water all over the world,
>|and return to the ocean, so by the grace of Lord Caitanya,
>|Ramananda Raya attained his higher knowledge of devotional
>|service and again, after retiring from service, resolved to
>|see Lord Caitanya in Puri.
3126|When Lord Caitanya visited the southern part of India, He
>|first went to the great temple known as Jiyara-nrsimha-
>|ksetra. This temple is situated in a place known as
>|Simhacalam, five miles from the Visakhapattana railway
>|station. The temple is situated on the top of a hill. There
>|are many temples in that area, but Jiyara-nrsimha-ksetra
>|temple is the largest of all. This temple is filled with
>|beautiful sculpture, of interest to many students, and due
>|to its popularity it is a very rich temple. An inscription
>|in the temple states that the King of Vijayanagara formerly
>|decorated this temple with gold and even smeared the body
>|of the Deity with gold. To facilitate attendance, there are
>|free apartments for visitors at the temple. The temple is
>|managed by priests of the Ramanujacarya sect.
3127|When Lord Caitanya visited this temple, He praised the
>|Deity and quoted a verse from Sridhara Svami's commentary
>|on Srimad-Bhagavatam (7.9.1):
3128|ugro 'py anugra evayam
3129|sva-bhaktanam nrkesari
3130|kesariva svapotanam
3131|anyesam ugra-vikramah
3132|"Although Lord Nrsimha is very severe to demons and
>|nondevotees, He is very kind to His submissive devotees
>|like Prahlada." Lord Nrsimha appeared as a half-man, half-
>|lion incarnation of Krsna when Prahlada, a boy devotee of
>|the Lord, was harassed by his demoniac father Hiranyakasipu.
>| Just as a lion is very ferocious to other animals but very
>|kind and submissive to his cubs, so Lord Nrsimha appeared
>|ferocious to Hiranyakasipu and very kind to His devotee
>|Prahlada.
3133|After visiting the temple of Jiyara-nrsimha, the Lord
>|proceeded further south into India and ultimately reached
>|the bank of the Godavari. While on the bank of this river,
>|the Lord remembered the Yamuna River in Vrndavana, and He
>|considered the trees on the bank to be the forest of
>|Vrndavana. Thus He was in ecstasy there. After taking a
>|bath on the banks of the Godavari, the Lord sat near the
>|bank and began chanting Hare Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna Krsna,
>| Hare Hare/ Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare.
>|While sitting and chanting, the Lord saw that the governor
>|of the province, Sri Ramananda Raya, had reached the banks
>|of the river accompanied by his associates, which included
>|many brahmanas. Previously the Lord had been asked by
>|Sarvabhauma Bhattacarya to visit the great devotee
>|Ramananda Raya at Kabur. The Lord could understand that the
>|man approaching the river bank was Ramananda Raya, and He
>|desired to see him immediately. However, because He was in
>|the renounced order of life, He restrained Himself from
>|going to see a political personage. Being a great devotee,
>|Ramananda Raya was attracted by the features of Lord
>|Caitanya, who appeared as a sannyasi, and he himself came
>|to see the Lord. Upon reaching Caitanya Mahaprabhu,
>|Ramananda Raya prostrated himself and offered his
>|obeisances and respects. Lord Caitanya received him by
>|vibrating Hare Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna Krsna, Hare Hare/
>|Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama Hare Hare.
3134|When Ramananda Raya presented his credentials, Lord
>|Caitanya embraced him, and both of them were overwhelmed
>|with ecstasy. The brahmanas who accompanied Ramananda Raya
>|were surprised to see them embracing in transcendental
>|ecstasy. The brahmanas were all stalwart followers of the
>|rituals, and they could not understand the meaning of such
>|devotional symptoms. Indeed, they were rather surprised to
>|see such a great sannyasi touch a sudra, and they were also
>|surprised to see Ramananda Raya, who was a great governor
>|and practically king of that province, crying simply by
>|touching a sannyasi. Lord Caitanya understood the brahmanas'
>| thoughts, and, considering the unfavorable situation, He
>|pacified Himself.
3135|After this, Lord Caitanya and Ramananda Raya sat down
>|together. "Sarvabhauma Bhattacarya has spoken very highly
>|of you," Lord Caitanya informed him. "So I have come to see
>|you."
3136|"Sarvabhauma Bhattacarya considers me to be one of his
>|devotees," Ramananda Raya replied. "Therefore he has kindly
>|recommended that You see me."
3137|Ramananda Raya very much appreciated the Lord's touching a
>|man of wealth. A king, governor or any politician is always
>|absorbed in thoughts of political affairs and pounds-
>|shilling-pence; therefore such persons are avoided by
>|sannyasis. Lord Caitanya, however, knew Ramananda Raya to
>|be a great devotee, and therefore He did not hesitate to
>|touch and embrace him. Ramananda Raya was surprised by Lord
>|Caitanya's behavior, and he cited a verse from Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam (10.8.4): "The great personalities and sages
>|appear in the homes of worldly men just to show them mercy."
3138|Lord Caitanya's special treatment of Ramananda Raya
>|indicated that although Ramananda Raya was born in a
>|nonbrahminical family, he was far, far advanced in
>|spiritual knowledge and activity. Therefore he was more
>|respectable than one who simply happens to be born in a
>|brahminical family. Although Ramananda, out of his meek and
>|gentle behavior, considered himself to be born in a lower
>|sudra family, Lord Caitanya nonetheless considered him to
>|be situated in the highest transcendental stage of devotion.
>| Devotees never advertise themselves as great, but the Lord
>|is very anxious to advertise the glory of His devotees.
>|After meeting for the first time that morning on the banks
>|of the Godavari, Ramananda Raya and Lord Caitanya separated
>|with the understanding that Ramananda Raya would come in
>|the evening to see the Lord.
3139|That evening, after the Lord had taken His bath and seated
>|Himself, Ramananda Raya came to see Him with a servant. He
>|offered his respects and sat down before the Lord. Before
>|Ramananda Raya could even ask the Lord a question about the
>|advancement of spiritual knowledge, the Lord Himself said, "
>|Please quote some verses from scripture about the ultimate
>|goal of human life."
3140|Sri Ramananda Raya at once replied: "A person who is
>|sincere in his occupational duty will gradually develop a
>|sense of God consciousness." He also quoted a verse from
>|Visnu Purana (3.8.9) which states that the Supreme Lord is
>|worshiped by one's occupational duty and that there is no
>|alternative for satisfying Him. The purport is that human
>|life is meant for understanding one's relationship with the
>|Supreme Lord, and by acting in that way any human being can
>|dovetail himself in the service of the Lord by discharging
>|his prescribed duties. For this purpose human society is
>|divided into four classes: the intellectuals (brahmanas),
>|the administrators (ksatriyas), the merchants (vaisyas),
>|and the laborers (sudras). For each class there are
>|prescribed rules and regulations as well as occupational
>|functions. The prescribed duties and qualities of the four
>|classes are described in Bhagavad-gita (18.41-44). A
>|society which is civilized and organized should follow the
>|prescribed rules and regulations for the particular classes.
>| At the same time, for spiritual advancement, the four
>|stages of asrama must also be followed: namely, student
>|life (brahmacarya), householder (grhastha), retired (
>|vanaprastha) and the renounced life (sannyasa).
3141|Ramananda Raya stated that those who strictly follow the
>|rules and regulations of these eight social divisions can
>|actually satisfy the Supreme Lord, and one who does not
>|follow them certainly spoils his human form of life and
>|glides toward hell. One can peacefully execute the goal of
>|human life simply by following the rules and regulations
>|which apply to one's self. The character of a particular
>|person develops by following the regulative principles in
>|accordance with one's birth, association and education. The
>|divisions of society are so designed that many people of
>|different character can be regulated under them for the
>|peaceful administration of society and for spiritual
>|advancement as well. The social classes can be further
>|characterized as follows: (1) He whose aim is to understand
>|the Supreme Lord, the Personality of Godhead, and devote
>|himself to the learning of the Vedas and similar
>|literatures is called a brahmana. (2) He who has taken to
>|displaying force and entering government administration is
>|called a ksatriya. (3) He who is engaged in agriculture,
>|herding cows and carrying out a trade or business is called
>|a vaisya. (4) He who has no special knowledge but is
>|satisfied by serving the other three classes is called a
>|sudra. If one faithfully discharges his prescribed duties,
>|he is sure to advance toward perfection. Thus regulated
>|life is the source of perfection for everyone. When
>|regulated life culminates in devotional service to the Lord,
>| one attains his perfection. Otherwise such regulations are
>|simply a useless waste of time.
3142|After hearing Ramananda Raya expound upon the proper
>|execution of a regulated life, Lord Caitanya said that such
>|regulations are simply external. Indirectly He asked
>|Ramananda to expound on something superior to such an
>|external exhibition. Formal execution of rituals and
>|religion is useless unless it culminates in the perfection
>|of devotional service. Lord Visnu is not satisfied simply
>|by a ritualistic adherence to Vedic instructions; He is
>|actually pleased when one attains the stage of devotional
>|service.
3143|According to the verse cited by Ramananda Raya, one can
>|rise to the point of devotional service by ritualistic
>|performance. In Bhagavad-gita, Sri Krsna, who appeared to
>|deliver all classes of people, states that a human being
>|can attain the highest perfectional stage of life by
>|worshiping the Supreme Lord, from whom everything has
>|emanated, through his occupational duty.
3144|sve sve karmany abhiratah
3145|samsiddhim labhate narah
3146|svakarma-niratah siddhim
3147|yatha vindati tac chrnu
3148|yatah pravrttir bhutanam
3149|yena sarvam idam tatam
3150|svakarmana tam abhyarcya
3151|siddhim vindati manavah
3152|"By following his qualities of work, every man can become
>|perfect. Now please hear from Me how this can be done. By
>|worship of the Lord, who is the source of all beings and
>|who is all-pervading, man can, in the performance of his
>|own duty, attain perfection." (Bg. 18.45-46) This
>|perfectional process is followed by great devotees like
>|Bodhayana, Tanka, Dramida, Guhadeva, Kapardi and Bharuci.
>|All these great personalities have followed this particular
>|path of perfection. The Vedic injunctions also aim in this
>|direction. Ramananda Raya wanted to present these facts
>|before the Lord, but apparently discharge of ritualistic
>|duties wasn't sufficient, for Lord Caitanya said that it
>|was external. Lord Caitanya was pointing out that if a man
>|has a material conception of life, he cannot attain the
>|highest perfection even if he follows all the ritualistic
>|regulations.
3153|TLC 28: Relationship with the Supreme
3154|Chapter Twenty-eight:
3155|Relationship with the Supreme
3156|Lord Caitanya rejected the statement cited by Ramananda
>|Raya from Visnu Purana because the Lord wished to reject a
>|class of philosophers known as karma-mimamsa. Karma-mimamsa
>|followers accept God to be subject to one's work. Their
>|conclusion is that if one works nicely, God is bound to
>|give good results. Thus one can understand from the
>|statement of Visnu Purana that Visnu, the Supreme Lord, has
>|no independence but is bound to award a certain kind of
>|result to the worker. Such a dependent goal becomes
>|subjected to the worshiper, who accepts the Supreme Lord to
>|be both impersonal and personal, as he may wish. Actually
>|this philosophy stresses the impersonal feature of the
>|Supreme Absolute Truth. Because Lord Caitanya did not like
>|such impersonalism, He rejected it.
3157|"Tell Me if you know something beyond this conception of
>|the Supreme Absolute Truth," Lord Caitanya finally said.
3158|Ramananda Raya understood the purpose of Lord Caitanya, and,
>| stating that it is better to give up the results of
>|fruitive activities, he quoted a verse from Bhagavad-gita:
3159|yat karosi yad asnasi
3160|yaj juhosi dadasi yat
3161|yat tapasyasi kaunteya
3162|tat kurusva mad-arpanam
3163|"O son of Kunti, all that you do, all that you eat, all
>|that you offer and give away, as well as all austerities
>|that you may perform, should be done as an offering unto Me.
>|" (Bg. 9.27) There is also a similar passage in Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam (11.2.36) which states that one should submit
>|everything-his fruitive activities, body, speech, mind,
>|senses, intelligence, soul and modes of nature-to the
>|Supreme Personality of Godhead, Narayana.
3164|Lord Caitanya, however, also rejected this second statement,
>| saying, "If you know of something higher, state it."
3165|Offering everything to the Supreme Personality of Godhead,
>|as enjoined by Bhagavad-gita and Srimad-Bhagavatam, is
>|better than impersonally making the Supreme Lord subject to
>|our work, but it is still short of surrendering activities
>|to the Supreme Lord. A worker's identification with
>|material existence cannot be changed without proper
>|guidance. Such fruitive activity will continue one's
>|material existence. A worker is simply instructed here to
>|offer the results of his work to the Supreme Lord, but
>|there is no information given to enable one to get out of
>|the material entanglement. Therefore Lord Caitanya rejected
>|his proposal.
3166|After having his suggestions rejected twice, Ramananda
>|proposed that one should forsake his occupational
>|activities altogether and by detachment rise to the
>|transcendental plane. In other words, he recommended
>|complete renunciation of worldly life, and to support this
>|view he cited evidence from Srimad-Bhagavatam (11.11.32)
>|wherein the Lord says: "In the scriptures I have described
>|the ritualistic principles and the way one can become
>|situated in devotional service. That is the highest
>|perfection of religion." Ramananda also quoted Lord Krsna's
>|injunction in Bhagavad-gita:
3167|sarva-dharman parityajya
3168|mam ekam saranam vraja
3169|aham tvam sarva-papebhyo
3170|moksayisyami ma sucah
3171|"Abandon all varieties of religion and just surrender unto
>|Me. I shall deliver you from all sinful reactions. Do not
>|fear." (Bg. 18.66)
3172|Lord Caitanya also rejected this third proposal, for He
>|wanted to demonstrate that renunciation in itself is not
>|sufficient. There must be positive engagement. Without
>|positive engagement, the highest perfectional stage cannot
>|be attained. Generally there are two kinds of philosophers
>|in the renounced order of life. The goal of one is nirvana,
>|and the goal of the other is the impersonal Brahman
>|effulgence. Such philosophers cannot imagine that they can
>|reach beyond nirvana and the Brahman effulgence to the
>|Vaikuntha planets of the spiritual sky. Because in simple
>|renunciation there is no conception of spiritual planets
>|and spiritual activities, Lord Caitanya rejected this third
>|proposal.
3173|Ramananda Raya then cited more evidence from Bhagavad-gita:
3174|brahma-bhutah prasannatma
3175|na socati na kanksati
3176|samah sarvesu bhutesu
3177|mad-bhaktim labhate param
3178|"One who is thus transcendentally situated at once realizes
>|the Supreme Brahman. He never laments, nor desires to have
>|anything; he is equally disposed to every living entity. In
>|that state he attains pure devotional service unto Me." (Bg.
>| 18.54) Ramananda Raya first suggested devotional service
>|rendered with renunciation of fruitive activities, but here
>|he suggests that devotional service with full knowledge and
>|spiritual realization added is superior.
3179|Lord Caitanya, however, rejected this proposal also because
>|simply by renouncing material results in Brahman
>|realization one does not realize the spiritual world and
>|spiritual activities. Although there is no material
>|contamination when one attains the stage of Brahman
>|realization, that stage is not perfect because there is no
>|positive engagement in spiritual activity. Because it is
>|still on the mental plane, it is external. The pure living
>|entity is not liberated unless he is completely engaged in
>|spiritual activity. As long as one is absorbed in
>|impersonal thoughts or in thoughts of the void, his
>|entrance into an eternal blissful life of knowledge is not
>|completed. When spiritual knowledge is not complete, one
>|will be hindered in his attempt to cleanse the mind of all
>|material variegatedness. Thus impersonalists are frustrated
>|in their attempts to make the mind void by artificial
>|meditation. It is very difficult to void the mind of all
>|material conceptions. As stated in Bhagavad-gita:
3180|kleso 'dhikataras tesam
3181|avyaktasakta-cetasam
3182|avyakta hi gatir duhkham
3183|dehavadbhir avapyate
3184|" For those whose minds are attracted to the unmanifested,
>|impersonal feature of the Supreme, advancement is very
>|troublesome. To make progress in that discipline is always
>|difficult for those who are embodied." (Bg. 12.5) The
>|liberation which is obtained by such impersonal meditation
>|is not complete; therefore Lord Caitanya rejected it.
3185|After his fourth proposal was rejected, Ramananda Raya said
>|that devotional service rendered without any attempt at
>|cultivation of knowledge or mental speculation is the
>|highest stage of perfection. To support this view, he gave
>|evidence from Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.14.3) wherein Lord
>|Brahma tells the Supreme Personality of Godhead:
3186|jnane prayasam udapasya namanta eva
3187|jivanti san-mukharitam bhavadiya-vartam
3188|sthane sthitah sruti-gatam tanu-van-manobhir
3189|ye prayaso 'jita jito 'py asi tais tri-lokyam
3190|"My dear Lord, one should give up monistic speculation and
>|the cultivation of knowledge altogether. He should begin
>|his spiritual life in devotional service by receiving
>|information of the Lord's activities from a realized
>|devotee of the Lord. If one cultivates his spiritual life
>|by following these principles and keeping himself on the
>|honest path in life, then although Your Lordship is never
>|conquered, You become conquered by such a process."
3191|When Ramananda Raya presented this proposal, Lord Caitanya
>|at once said, "Yes, this is right." In this age there is no
>|possibility of acquiring spiritual knowledge by
>|renunciation, by mixed devotional service, by fruitive
>|activity in mixed devotional service, or by the culture of
>|knowledge. Because most people are fallen and because there
>|is no time to elevate them by a gradual process, the best
>|course, according to Lord Caitanya, is to let them remain
>|in whatever condition they are in but to engage them in
>|hearing of the activities of the Supreme Lord as those
>|activities are explained in Bhagavad-gita and Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam. The transcendental messages of the scriptures
>|should be received from the lips of realized souls. In this
>|way a person may continue to live in whatever condition he
>|is in and still make progress in spiritual advancement.
>|Thus one can surely advance and fully realize the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead.
3192|Although Lord Caitanya accepted these principles, He still
>|requested Ramananda Raya to further explain advanced
>|devotional service. Thus Lord Caitanya gave Ramananda Raya
>|a chance to discuss gradual advancement from the principles
>|of varnasrama-dharma (the four castes and four orders of
>|spiritual life). Lord Caitanya rejected the varnasrama-
>|dharma and the offering of fruitive activity because in the
>|field of executing pure devotional service, there is very
>|little use for such principles. Without self-realization,
>|the artificial methods of devotional service cannot be
>|accepted as pure devotional service. Self-realized pure
>|devotional service is completely different from all other
>|kinds of transcendental activity. The highest stage of
>|transcendental activity is always free from all material
>|desires, fruitive efforts and speculative attempts at
>|knowledge. The highest stage concentrates on the simple,
>|favorable execution of pure devotional service.
3193|Ramananda Raya could understand the motive of Lord Caitanya;
>| therefore he stated that attainment of pure love of
>|Godhead is the highest perfectional stage. There is a very
>|nice verse in Padyavali which is said to be composed by
>|Ramananda Raya himself. The purport of the verse is: "As
>|long as there is hunger in the belly and one feels like
>|eating and drinking, one can become happy by taking
>|anything eatable. Similarly, there may be much
>|paraphernalia for worshiping the Supreme Lord, but when
>|that is mixed with pure love of Godhead, it becomes an
>|actual source of transcendental happiness." Ramananda Raya
>|also composed another verse which stated that even after
>|millions and millions of births one cannot achieve a sense
>|of devotional service, but if, somehow or other, one
>|desires to attain devotional service, the association of a
>|pure devotee will render it possible. Thus one should have
>|a strong desire to engage in devotional service. In these
>|two verses, Ramananda Raya has described the regulative
>|principles and developed love of Godhead. Lord Caitanya
>|wanted to bring him to the stage of developed love of
>|Godhead, and He wanted him to speak from that platform.
>|Thus the discussion between Ramananda Raya and Lord
>|Caitanya proceeds on the basis of love of Godhead.
3194|If love of Godhead is elevated to the personal platform, it
>|is called prema-bhakti. In the beginning of prema-bhakti, a
>|particular relationship between the Supreme Lord and the
>|devotee is not established, but when prema-bhakti develops,
>|a relationship with the Supreme Lord is manifested in
>|different transcendental flavors. The first stage is that
>|of servitude, wherein the Supreme Lord is accepted as the
>|master and the devotee as the eternal servitor. When Lord
>|Caitanya accepted this process, Ramananda Raya described
>|the relationship between the servitor and the master. As
>|described in Srimad-Bhagavatam (9.5.16), Durvasa Muni, a
>|great mystic yogi who considered himself very elevated,
>|envied Maharaja Ambarisa, who was known as the greatest
>|devotee of the time. In an attempt to harass Maharaja
>|Ambarisa, Durvasa Muni met with a great catastrophe and was
>|defeated by the sudarsana-cakra of the Lord. Durvasa Muni
>|admitted his fault and said, "For pure devotees who are
>|always engaged in the transcendental loving service of the
>|Lord, nothing is considered impossible, for they are
>|engaged in the service of the Supreme Lord, whose very name
>|is sufficient for liberation."
3195|In Stotra-ratna (46), Yamunacarya writes: "My Lord, those
>|who keep themselves independent of Your service are
>|helpless. They work on their own account, and they receive
>|no support from superior authority. Therefore I long for
>|the time when I shall engage fully in Your transcendental
>|loving service without any desire for material satisfaction
>|and without being confined to the mental plane. Only when I
>|engage in such unalloyed devotional service will I enjoy
>|actual spiritual life."
3196|Upon hearing this statement, the Lord requested Ramananda
>|Raya to go even further.
3197|TLC 29: Pure Love for Krsna
3198|Chapter Twenty-nine:
3199|Pure Love for Krsna
3200|Encouraged by Lord Caitanya to proceed further, Ramananda
>|Raya said that the fraternal relationship with Lord Krsna
>|is on an even higher transcendental plane. In this way
>|Ramananda Raya points out that when the relationship with
>|Krsna increases in affection, the mood of fear and the
>|consciousness of the superiority of the Supreme Lord
>|diminish. At this point, the mood of faith increases, and
>|this faith is called friendship. In the fraternal
>|relationship, there is a sense of equality between Krsna
>|and His friends.
3201|In this regard, Ramananda Raya quoted a verse from Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam (10.12.11) in which Sukadeva Gosvami describes
>|Lord Krsna's lunch with His friends in the forest. Lord
>|Krsna and His friends went to the forest to play with the
>|cows, and it is said that the boys who accompanied Krsna
>|enjoyed transcendental friendship with the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead. The Supreme Lord is considered to
>|be the impersonal Brahman by great sages, the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead by the devotees, and an ordinary
>|human being by common men.
3202|Lord Caitanya appreciated this statement very much, yet He
>|said, "You can go even further." Being so requested,
>|Ramananda Raya then stated that the paternal relationship
>|with Krsna is a still higher transcendental position. When
>|the affection of the fraternal relationship increases, it
>|develops into the paternal relationship that is found
>|between father and son. Regarding this, Ramananda Raya
>|quoted a verse from Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.8.46) wherein
>|Maharaja Pariksit inquired from Sukadeva Gosvami about the
>|magnitude of righteous activity performed by Yasoda, the
>|mother of Krsna, enabling her to be called "mother" and her
>|breasts be sucked by the Supreme Personality of Godhead. He
>|also quoted another verse from Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.9.20)
>|in which it is stated that Yasoda received such
>|incomparable mercy from the Supreme Personality of Godhead
>|that it cannot even be compared to the mercy received by
>|Brahma, the first created living being, or by Lord Siva, or
>|even by the goddess of fortune, Laksmi, who is always
>|situated on the chest of Lord Visnu.
3203|Lord Caitanya then asked Ramananda Raya to proceed further
>|in order to come to the point of conjugal love.
>|Understanding the mind of Lord Caitanya, Ramananda Raya
>|immediately answered that it was indeed conjugal love with
>|Krsna that constituted the highest relationship. In other
>|words, intimate relationships with Krsna develop from an
>|ordinary conception of the Supreme Personality of Godhead,
>|to the conception of master and servant, and, when this
>|becomes confidential, it develops into a friendly
>|relationship, and when this relationship further develops,
>|it becomes paternal, and when this develops to the highest
>|point of love and affection, it is known as conjugal love
>|with the Supreme Lord. Ramananda Raya quoted another verse
>|from Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.47.60) stating that the
>|transcendental mode of ecstasy exhibited during the rasa
>|dance between the gopis and Krsna was never relished even
>|by the goddess of fortune, who is always situated on the
>|chest of the Lord in the spiritual kingdom. And what to
>|speak of the experience of ordinary women?
3204|Ramananda Raya then explained the gradual process by which
>|pure love for Krsna is developed. He pointed out that the
>|living entity is related to the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead in one of the relationships just suitable for him.
>|Actually, relationships with the Supreme Lord begin with
>|the master and servant relationship and further develop
>|into friendship, paternal love and conjugal love. One who
>|attains his particular relationship with the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead should be known to be in the best
>|relationship for him, but when these transcendental
>|relationships are studied, it can be seen that the neutral
>|stage of realization (brahma-bhuta [SB 4.30.20]) is the
>|first. When one accepts the Lord as master and himself as
>|servant, the relationship develops, and it develops further
>|when one becomes a friend of the Supreme Lord, and yet
>|still further when one becomes a father. Thus the
>|relationship advances from friendship to paternal love and
>|finally to conjugal love, which is the supreme relationship
>|with the Lord.
3205|Self-realization in the relation as servitor is certainly
>|transcendental, and when a sense of fraternity is added,
>|the relationship develops. As affection increases, this
>|relationship develops into paternity and conjugal love.
>|Ramananda Raya quoted a verse from Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (
>|2.5.38) stating that spiritual affection for the Supreme
>|Lord is transcendental in all cases, but the individual
>|devotee has a specific aptitude for a particular
>|relationship, and that relationship is more relishable for
>|him than the others.
3206|Such transcendental relationships with the Supreme Lord
>|cannot be manufactured by the mental concoctions of pseudo-
>|devotees. In Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (1.2.101) Rupa Gosvami
>|has stated that devotional service that makes no reference
>|to Vedic scriptures or Vedic literatures and that does not
>|follow the principles set forth therein can never be
>|approved. Sri Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Gosvami Maharaja
>|has also remarked that professional spiritual masters,
>|professional Bhagavatam reciters, professional kirtana
>|performers and those engaged in self-concocted devotional
>|service cannot be accepted. In India there are various
>|professional communities known as Aula, Vaula, Kartabhaja,
>|Neda Daravesa, Snai, Atibadi, Cudadhari, and Gauranganagari.
>| A member of the Ventor Gosvami Society, or the caste
>|called gosvami, cannot be accepted as a descendant of the
>|six original Gosvamis. Nor can so-called devotees who
>|manufacture songs about Lord Caitanya, nor those who are
>|professional priests or paid reciters, be accepted. One who
>|does not follow the principles of pancaratra, or one who is
>|an impersonalist or addicted to sex life, cannot be
>|compared with those who have dedicated their lives to the
>|service of Krsna. A pure devotee who is always engaged in
>|Krsna consciousness can sacrifice everything for the
>|service of the Lord. One who has dedicated his life to the
>|service of Lord Caitanya, Krsna and the spiritual master,
>|or a person who is following the principles of householder
>|life, as well as one following the principles of the
>|renounced life in the order of Caitanya Mahaprabhu, is a
>|devotee and cannot be compared to professional men.
3207|When one is freed from all material contaminations, any one
>|of the relationships with Krsna is transcendentally
>|relishable. Unfortunately, those who are inexperienced in
>|the transcendental science cannot appreciate the different
>|relationships with the Supreme Lord. They think that all
>|such relationships arise from maya. Caitanya-caritamrta
>|states that earth, water, fire, air and ether (the five
>|gross elements) are developed from subtle forms to grosser
>|forms. For example, sound is found in ether, but in air
>|there is sound and touch. When fire is added, there is
>|sound, touch and form as well. When water is added, there
>|is sound, touch, form and taste, and when earth is added,
>|there is sound, touch, form, taste and smell. Just as
>|various characteristics develop in the progression from
>|ether down to earth, so the five characteristics of
>|devotion develop and are all found in the relationship of
>|conjugal love. Thus the relationship with Krsna in conjugal
>|love is accepted as the highest perfectional stage of love
>|of God.
3208|As stated in Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.82.44): "Devotional
>|service to the Supreme Personality of Godhead is the life
>|of every living entity." Indeed, the Lord informed the
>|damsels of Vraja that their love for Him was the only cause
>|of their achieving His association. It is said that Lord
>|Krsna, in relation with His devotees, accepts all kinds of
>|devotional service according to the aptitude of the devotee.
>| In this way, Krsna reciprocates to a devotee's needs. If
>|one wants a relationship with Krsna as master and servant,
>|Krsna plays the part of the perfect master. For one who
>|wants Krsna as a son in the parental relationship, Krsna
>|plays the part of a perfect son. Similarly, if a devotee
>|wants to worship Krsna in conjugal love, Krsna plays the
>|part of a husband or paramour perfectly. However, Krsna
>|Himself has admitted that His loving relationship with the
>|damsels of Vraja in conjugal love is the highest
>|perfectional stage. In Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.32.22) Krsna
>|told the gopis:
3209|na paraye 'ham niravadya-samyujam
3210|sva-sadhu-krtyam vibudhayusapi vah
3211|ya mabhajan durjaya-geha-srnkhalah
3212|samvrscya tad vah pratiyatu sadhuna
3213|"Your relationship with Me is completely transcendental,
>|and it is not possible for Me to offer anything in exchange
>|for your love, even after many births. You have been able
>|to give up all attachment for material enjoyment, and you
>|have searched after Me. Since I am unable to repay your
>|love, you have to be pleased with your own activities."
3214|Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Gosvami Maharaja has
>|remarked that there is a class of common men who claim that
>|anyone and everyone can worship the Supreme Lord according
>|to his own invented mode of worship and still attain the
>|Supreme Personality of Godhead. They claim that one can
>|approach the Supreme Lord either through fruitive
>|activities, speculative knowledge, meditation or austerity
>|and that any one of the methods will succeed. They claim
>|that one can accept many different paths and still reach
>|the same place, and they maintain that the Supreme Absolute
>|Truth may be worshiped either as the Goddess Kali, or
>|Goddess Durga, or Lord Siva, Ganesa, Rama, Hari, or Brahma.
>|In short, they maintain that it does not matter how the
>|Absolute Truth is addressed, for all names are one and the
>|same. They give the example of a man with many names; if he
>|is called by any of those names, he will answer.
3215|Such views may be very pleasing to an ordinary person, but
>|they are full of misconceptions. One who worships the
>|demigods, motivated by material lust, cannot attain the
>|Supreme Personality of Godhead. If one worships the
>|demigods, the external energy of the Lord can award some
>|results, but this is not to say that one can attain the
>|Supreme Lord by such worship. Indeed, their worship is
>|discouraged in Bhagavad-gita:
3216|antavat tu phalam tesam
3217|tad bhavaty alpa-medhasam
3218|devan deva-yajo yanti
3219|mad-bhakta yanti mam api
3220|"Men of small intelligence worship the demigods, and their
>|fruits are limited and temporary. Those who worship the
>|demigods go to the planets of the demigods, but My devotees
>|ultimately reach My supreme planet." (Bg. 7.23) Thus the
>|Supreme Lord awards the benediction of His association only
>|to those who worship Him, and not to those who worship the
>|demigods. It is not a fact that everyone and anyone can
>|reach the Supreme Personality of Godhead by worshiping
>|material demigods. It is therefore surprising that a man
>|can imagine that he will become perfect by worshiping the
>|demigods. The results of devotional service rendered in
>|full Krsna consciousness cannot be compared to the results
>|of demigod worship, fruitive activity or mental speculation.
>| By the results of fruitive activities, one can either go
>|to the heavenly planets or the hellish ones.
3221|TLC 30: The Transcendental Pastimes of Radha and Krsna
3222|Chapter Thirty:
3223|The Transcendental Pastimes of Radha and Krsna
3224|The difference between executing ordinary religious
>|activities and devotional service is very great. By
>|executing religious rituals one can achieve economic
>|development, sense gratification or liberation (merging
>|into the existence of the Supreme), but the results of
>|transcendental devotional service are completely different
>|from such temporary benefits. Devotional service of the
>|Lord is ever green, and it is increasingly transcendentally
>|pleasing. Thus there is a gulf of difference between the
>|results derived from devotional service and those derived
>|from religious rituals. The great spiritual energy known as
>|jadadhisthatri, or mahamaya, the superintendent of the
>|material world, and the material departmental directors,
>|the demigods, as well as the products of the external
>|energy of the Supreme Lord, are but perverted reflections
>|of the opulence of the Supreme Lord. The demigods are
>|actually order carriers of the Supreme Lord, and they help
>|manage the material creation. In Brahma-samhita it is
>|stated that the workings of the supremely powerful
>|superintendent, Durga, are but shadowy indications of the
>|workings of the Supreme Lord. The sun works just like the
>|eye of the Supreme Lord, and Brahma works just as the
>|reflected light of the Supreme Lord. Thus all the demigods
>|as well as the external energy herself, Durgadevi, and all
>|the different departmental directors are but servants of
>|the Supreme Lord in the material world.
3225|In the spiritual world, there is another energy, the
>|superior spiritual energy, or internal energy, which acts
>|under the direction of yogamaya. Yogamaya is the internal
>|potency of the Supreme Lord; she also works under the Lord'
>|s direction, but she works in the spiritual world. When the
>|living entity puts himself under the direction of yogamaya
>|instead of mahamaya, he gradually becomes a devotee of
>|Krsna. Yet those who are after material opulence and
>|material happiness place themselves under the care of the
>|material energy, mahamaya, or under the care of material
>|demigods like Lord Siva and others. In Srimad-Bhagavatam it
>|is found that when the gopis of Vrndavana desired Krsna as
>|their husband, they prayed to the spiritual energy,
>|yogamaya, for the fulfillment of their desire. In the Sapta-
>|sati it is found that King Suratha and a merchant named
>|Samadhi worshiped mahamaya for material opulence. Thus one
>|should not mistakenly equalize yogamaya and mahamaya.
3226|Because the Lord is on the absolute platform, there is no
>|difference between the holy name of the Lord and the
>|Supreme Lord Himself. There are different names for the
>|Supreme Lord, and these names have different purposes and
>|meanings. For instance, He is known as Paramatma, the
>|Supersoul, Brahman the Supreme Absolute, Srstikarta the
>|creator, Narayana the transcendental Lord, Rukminiramana
>|the husband of Rukmini, Gopinatha the enjoyer of the gopis,
>|and Krsna. In this way the Lord has different names, and
>|these names indicate different functions. The aspect of the
>|Supreme Lord as the creator is different from the aspect of
>|the Lord as Narayana. Some of the names of the Lord as the
>|creator are conceived by materialistic men. One cannot
>|fully realize the essence of the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead by understanding the name of the creator because
>|this material creation is a function of the external energy
>|of the Supreme Lord. Thus the conception of God as the
>|creator includes only the external feature. Similarly, when
>|we call the Supreme Lord Brahman, we cannot have any
>|understanding of the six opulences of the Supreme Lord. In
>|Brahman realization, the six opulences are not realized in
>|full; therefore Brahman realization is not complete
>|understanding of the Supreme Lord. Neither is Paramatma
>|realization, realization of the Supersoul, full realization
>|of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, for the all-
>|pervading nature of the Supreme Lord is but a partial
>|representation of His opulence.
3227|Even the transcendental relationship experienced by a
>|devotee of Narayana in Vaikuntha is incomplete in that it
>|is not realization of a relationship with Krsna in Goloka
>|Vrndavana. The devotees of Krsna do not relish devotional
>|service to Narayana because devotional service to Krsna is
>|so attractive that Krsna's devotees do not desire to
>|worship any other form. Thus the gopis of Vrndavana do not
>|like to see Krsna as the husband of Rukmini, nor do they
>|address Him as Rukminiramana. In Vrndavana Krsna is
>|addressed as Radhakrsna, or Krsna, the property of
>|Radharani. Although the husband of Rukmini and Radha's
>|Krsna are on the same level in the ordinary sense, still,
>|in the spiritual world, the names indicate different
>|understandings of various aspects of Krsna's transcendental
>|personality. If one equalizes Rukminiramana, Radharamana,
>|Narayana or any other name of the Supreme Lord, he commits
>|the fault of overlapping tastes, which is technically
>|called rasabhasa. Those who are expert devotees do not
>|accept such amalgamations which are against the conclusions
>|of pure devotional service.
3228|Although Sri Krsna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead,
>|embodies all superexcellence and beauty, when He is amongst
>|the damsels of Vraja, He is known as Gopijanavallabha. The
>|devotees cannot relish the beauty of the Supreme Lord more
>|than the damsels of Vraja. In Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.33.7)
>|it is confirmed that although Krsna, the son of Devaki, is
>|the last word in superexcellence and beauty, when He is
>|amongst the gopis it appears that He is a sublime jewel set
>|amongst divine golden craftsmanship. Although Lord Caitanya
>|accepted this as the highest realization of the Supreme
>|Lord as conjugal lover, He nonetheless requested Ramananda
>|Raya to proceed further.
3229|Upon hearing this request, Ramananda Raya remarked that
>|this was the first time that he had been asked to go
>|further than the gopis in an attempt to understand Krsna.
>|There is certainly transcendental intimacy between the
>|damsels of Vraja and Krsna, Ramananda pointed out, but out
>|of all the relationships, the relationship between
>|Radharani and Krsna in conjugal love is the most perfect.
>|No common man can understand the ecstasy of transcendental
>|love between Radharani and Krsna, nor can he understand the
>|transcendental flavor of the transcendental love between
>|Krsna and the gopis. Yet if one tries to follow in the
>|footsteps of the gopis, he may become situated in the
>|highest stage of transcendental love. Thus one who wants to
>|be elevated to the transcendental stage of perfection
>|should follow in the footsteps of the damsels of Vraja as
>|an assistant maidservant of the gopis.
3230|Lord Caitanya exhibited the mode of Srimati Radharani when
>|She was contacted from Dvaraka by Sri Krsna. Such
>|transcendental love is not possible for any common man;
>|therefore one should not imitate the highest perfectional
>|stage exhibited by Caitanya Mahaprabhu. If, however, one
>|desires to be in that association, he may follow in the
>|footsteps of the gopis. In the Padma Purana it is stated
>|that just as Radharani is dear to Krsna, similarly the
>|kunda known as Radhakunda is also very dear to Him.
>|Radharani is the only gopi who is dearer to Krsna than all
>|the other gopis. In Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.30.28) it is also
>|stated that Radharani and the gopis render the highest
>|perfectional loving service to the Lord and that the Lord
>|is so pleased with them that He does not wish to leave the
>|company of Srimati Radharani.
3231|When Lord Caitanya heard Ramananda Raya speak of the loving
>|affairs between Krsna and Radharani, He said, "Please go
>|further. Go on and on." The Lord also said that He was
>|enjoying with great relish the descriptions of the loving
>|affairs between Krsna and the gopis. "It is as if a river
>|of nectar is flowing from your lips," He said. Ramananda
>|Raya continued to point out that when Krsna danced amongst
>|the gopis He thought, "I am not giving any special
>|attention to Radharani." Because amongst the other gopis
>|Radharani was not so much an object of special love, Krsna
>|stole Her away from the area of the rasa dance and showed
>|Her special favor. After explaining this to Lord Caitanya,
>|Ramananda Raya said, "Now let us relish the transcendental
>|loving affairs between Krsna and Radha. These have no
>|comparison in this material world."
3232|Ramananda Raya thus continued his descriptions. During one
>|performance of the rasa dance, Radharani suddenly left the
>|area, as if She were angry that no special attention was
>|being shown Her. Krsna was desirous of seeing Radharani in
>|order to fulfill the purpose of the rasa dance, but not
>|seeing Radharani there, He became very sorrowful and went
>|to search Her out. In Gita-govinda there is a verse which
>|states that the enemy of Kamsa, Krsna, also wanted to be
>|entangled in love affairs with women and thus simply took
>|Radharani away and left the company of the other damsels of
>|Vraja. Krsna was very much afflicted by Radharani's absence
>|and, being thus mentally distressed, began to search Her
>|out along the banks of the Yamuna. Failing to find Her, He
>|entered the bushes of Vrndavana and began to lament.
>|Ramananda Raya pointed out that when one discusses the
>|purport of these two special verses of Gita-govinda (3.1-2),
>| he can relish the highest nectar of Krsna's and Radha's
>|loving affairs. Although there were many gopis to dance
>|with Krsna, Krsna especially wanted to dance with Radharani.
>| In the rasa dance Krsna expanded Himself and placed
>|Himself between every two gopis, but He was especially
>|present with Radharani. However, Radharani was not pleased
>|with Krsna's behavior. As described in Ujjvala-nilamani: "
>|The path of loving affairs is just like the movement of a
>|snake. Amongst young lovers, there are two kinds of
>|mentality-causeless and causal." Thus when Radharani left
>|the area of the rasa dance out of anger at not receiving
>|special treatment, Krsna became very sorrowful to see Her
>|absent. The perfection of the rasa dance was considered to
>|be complete due to Radharani's presence, and in Her absence
>|Krsna considered the dance to be disrupted. Therefore He
>|left the arena to search Her out. When He could not find
>|Radharani after wandering in several places, He became very
>|distressed. Thus it is understood that Krsna could not
>|enjoy His pleasure potency even in the midst of all the
>|gopis. But in the presence of Radharani He was satisfied.
3233|When this transcendental love between Radharani and Krsna
>|was described by Ramananda Raya, Lord Caitanya admitted, "I
>|came to you to understand the transcendental loving affairs
>|between Krsna and Radha, and now I am very satisfied that
>|you have described them so nicely. I can understand from
>|your version that this is the highest loving state between
>|Krsna and Radha." Yet Lord Caitanya still requested
>|Ramananda Raya to explain something more: "What are the
>|transcendental features of Krsna and Radharani, and what
>|are the transcendental features of the reciprocation of
>|Their feelings, and what is the love between Them? If you
>|kindly describe all this to Me, I will be very much obliged.
>| But for you, no one can describe such things."
3234|"I do not know anything," Ramananda Raya replied in all
>|humility. "I am simply saying what You are causing me to
>|say. I know that You are Krsna Himself, yet You are
>|relishing hearing about Krsna from me. Therefore please
>|excuse me for my faulty expression. I am just trying to
>|express whatever You are causing me to express."
3235|"I am a Mayavadi sannyasi," Lord Caitanya protested. "I
>|have no knowledge of the transcendental features of
>|devotional service. By the greatness of Sarvabhauma
>|Bhattacarya My mind has become clear, and I am now trying
>|to understand the nature of devotional service to Lord
>|Krsna. Bhattacarya recommended that I see you in order to
>|understand Krsna. Indeed, he said that Ramananda Raya is
>|the only person who knows something about love of Krsna.
>|Therefore I have come to you upon the recommendation of
>|Sarvabhauma Bhattacarya. Please, then, do not hesitate to
>|relate to Me all the confidential affairs between Radha and
>|Krsna."
3236|In this way Lord Caitanya actually took the subordinate
>|position before Ramananda Raya. This has very great
>|significance. If one is serious about understanding the
>|transcendental nature of Krsna, he should approach a person
>|who is actually enriched with Krsna consciousness. One
>|should not be proud of his material birth, material
>|opulence, material education and beauty and with these
>|things try to conquer the mind of an advanced student of
>|Krsna consciousness. One who thus goes to a Krsna conscious
>|person, thinking that he would be favorably induced, is
>|deluded about this science. One should approach a Krsna
>|conscious person with all humility and put relevant
>|questions to him. If one goes to challenge him, such a
>|highly elevated Krsna conscious person would not be
>|available for any service. A challenging puffed-up person
>|cannot gain anything from a Krsna conscious man; he would
>|simply remain in material consciousness. Although Lord
>|Caitanya was born in a high brahmana family and was
>|situated in the highest perfectional stage of sannyasa, He
>|nonetheless showed by His behavior that even an elevated
>|person would not hesitate to take lessons from Ramananda
>|Raya, although Ramananda appeared as a householder situated
>|in a social status beneath that of a brahmana.
3237|Thus Lord Caitanya clearly showed that a sincere student
>|never cares whether his spiritual master is born in a high
>|brahmana family or ksatriya family, or whether he is a
>|sannyasi, brahmacari or whatever. Whoever can teach one
>|about the science of Krsna is to be accepted as guru.
3238|TLC 31: The Supreme Perfection
3239|Chapter Thirty-one:
3240|The Supreme Perfection
3241|Whatever position one may have, if he is fully conversant
>|with the science of Krsna, Krsna consciousness, he can
>|become a bona fide spiritual master, initiator or teacher
>|of the science. In other words, one can become a bona fide
>|spiritual master if he has sufficient knowledge of the
>|science of Krsna, Krsna consciousness. The position does
>|not depend on a particular position in society or on birth.
>|This is the conclusion of Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu, and it
>|is in accordance with the Vedic injunctions. On the
>|strength of this conclusion, Lord Caitanya, previously
>|known as Visvambhara, accepted a spiritual master, Isvara
>|Puri, who was a sannyasi. Similarly, Lord Nityananda Prabhu
>|and Sri Advaita Acarya also accepted another sannyasi as
>|their spiritual master, Madhavendra Puri. This Madhavendra
>|Puri is also known as Laksmipati Tirtha. Similarly, another
>|great acarya, Sri Rasikananda, accepted Sri Syamananda as
>|his spiritual master, although he was not born of a
>|brahmana family. So also Ganganarayana Cakravarti accepted
>|Narottama dasa Thakura as spiritual master. In ancient days
>|there was even a hunter named Dharma, who became a
>|spiritual master for many people. There are clear
>|instructions in Mahabharata and Srimad-Bhagavatam (7.11.32)
>|stating that a person-be he brahmana, ksatriya, vaisya or
>|sudra-should be accepted by his personal qualifications and
>|not by birth.
3242|One's position should be established by personal
>|qualifications and not by birth. For example, if a man is
>|born in a brahmana family but his personal qualifications
>|are those of a sudra, he should be accepted as a sudra.
>|Similarly, if a person is born in a sudra family but has
>|the qualifications of a brahmana, he should be accepted as
>|a brahmana. All sastric injunctions, as well as the
>|versions of great sages and authorities, establish that a
>|bona fide spiritual master is not necessarily a brahmana.
>|The only qualification is that he be conversant with the
>|science of Krsna, Krsna consciousness. That alone makes one
>|perfectly eligible to become a spiritual master. This is
>|the conclusion of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu in His
>|discussions with Ramananda Raya.
3243|In the Hari-bhakti-vilasa it is stated that if one bona
>|fide spiritual master is born in a brahmana family and
>|another, who is also qualified, is born in a sudra family,
>|one should accept the one who is born in a brahmana family.
>|This statement serves as a social compromise, but it has
>|nothing to do with spiritual understanding. This injunction
>|is only applicable for those who consider social status
>|more important than spiritual status. It is not for people
>|who are spiritually serious. A serious person would accept
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu's instruction that anyone-regardless of
>|his position-conversant with Krsna science must be accepted
>|as the spiritual master. There are many injunctions in the
>|Padma Purana which state that a highly elevated spiritually
>|advanced devotee of the Lord is always a first-class
>|devotee and is therefore a spiritual master, but a highly
>|elevated person born in a brahmana family cannot be a
>|spiritual master unless he is a devotee of the Lord. A
>|person born in a brahmana family may be conversant with all
>|of the rituals of the Vedic scriptures but if he is not a
>|pure devotee, he cannot be a spiritual master. In all
>|sastras the chief qualification of a bona fide spiritual
>|master is that he be conversant in the science of Krsna.
3244|Lord Caitanya therefore requested Ramananda Raya to go on
>|teaching Him without hesitation, not considering Lord
>|Caitanya's position as a sannyasi. Thus Lord Caitanya urged
>|him to continue speaking on the pastimes of Radha and Krsna.
3245|"Because You are asking me to speak of the pastimes of
>|Radha and Krsna," Ramananda Raya humbly submitted, "I will
>|obey Your order. I will speak in whatever way You like."
>|Thus Ramananda Raya humbly submitted himself as a puppet
>|before Lord Caitanya, the puppet master. He only wanted to
>|dance according to the will of Caitanya Mahaprabhu. He
>|compared his tongue to a stringed instrument, saying, "You
>|are the player of that instrument." Thus as Lord Caitanya
>|would play, Ramananda Raya would vibrate the sound.
3246|He said that Lord Krsna is the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead, the source of all incarnations and the cause of
>|all causes. There are innumerable Vaikuntha planets,
>|innumerable incarnations, expansions of the Supreme Lord,
>|and innumerable universes also, and of all these existences
>|the Supreme Lord Krsna is the only source. His
>|transcendental body is composed of eternity, bliss and
>|knowledge, and He is known as the son of Maharaja Nanda and
>|the inhabitant of Goloka Vrndavana. He is full with six
>|opulences-all wealth, strength, fame, beauty, knowledge and
>|renunciation. In Brahma-samhita (5.1) it is confirmed that
>|Krsna is the Supreme Lord, the Lord of all lords, and His
>|transcendental body is sac-cid-ananda. No one is the source
>|of Krsna, but Krsna is the source of everyone. He is the
>|supreme cause of all causes and the resident of Vrndavana.
>|He is also very attractive, just like Cupid. One can
>|worship Him by kama-gayatri mantra.
3247|In Brahma-samhita the transcendental land of Vrndavana is
>|described as being always spiritual. That spiritual land is
>|populated by goddesses of fortune, who are known as gopis.
>|These are all beloved of Krsna, and Krsna is the only lover
>|of all those gopis. The trees of that land are kalpa-vrksa,
>|wish fulfilling trees, and one can have anything he wants
>|from them. The land is made of touchstone and the water of
>|nectar. In that land all speech is song, and all walking is
>|dancing, and one's constant companion is the flute.
>|Everything is self-luminous, just like the sun in this
>|material world. The human form of life is meant for
>|understanding this transcendental land of Vrndavana, and
>|one who is fortunate should cultivate knowledge of
>|Vrndavana and its residents. In that supreme abode are
>|surabhi cows that overflood the land with milk. Since not
>|even a moment there is misused, there is no past, present
>|or future. An expansion of this Vrndavana, which is the
>|supreme abode of Krsna, is also present on this earth, and
>|superior devotees worship it as the supreme abode. However,
>|no one can appreciate Vrndavana without being highly
>|elevated in spiritual knowledge, Krsna consciousness.
>|According to ordinary experience, Vrndavana appears to be
>|just like an ordinary village, but in the eyes of a highly
>|elevated devotee, it is as good as the original Vrndavana.
>|A great saintly acarya has sung: "When will my mind be
>|cleared of all contamination so I will be able to see
>|Vrndavana as it is? And when will I be able to understand
>|the literatures left by the Gosvamis so that I will be able
>|to know of the transcendental pastimes of Radha and Krsna?"
3248|The loving affairs between Krsna and the gopis in Vrndavana
>|are also transcendental. They appear as ordinary lusty
>|affairs of this material world, but there is a gulf of
>|difference. In the material world there may be the
>|temporary awakening of lust, but it disappears after so-
>|called satisfaction. In the spiritual world the love
>|between the gopis and Krsna is constantly increasing. That
>|is the difference between transcendental love and material
>|lust. The lust, or so-called love, arising out of this body
>|is as temporary as the body itself, but the love arising
>|from the eternal soul in the spiritual world is on the
>|spiritual platform, and that love is also eternal.
>|Therefore Krsna is addressed as the ever green Cupid.
3249|Lord Krsna is worshiped by the gayatri mantra, and the
>|specific mantra by which He is worshiped is called kama-
>|gayatri. Vedic literatures explain that that sound
>|vibration which can elevate one from mental concoction is
>|called gayatri. The kama-gayatri mantra is composed of 24 1/
>|2 syllables thus:
3250|klim kama-devaya vidmahe
3251|puspa-banaya dhimahi
3252|tanno 'nangah pracodayat
3253|This kama-gayatri is received from the spiritual master
>|when the disciple is advanced in chanting Hare Krsna, Hare
>|Krsna, Krsna Krsna, Hare Hare/ Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama
>|Rama, Hare Hare. In other words, this kama-gayatri mantra
>|and samskara, or reformation of a perfect brahmana, are
>|offered by the spiritual master when he sees that his
>|disciple is advanced in spiritual knowledge. Even then, the
>|kama-gayatri is not uttered under certain circumstances. In
>|any case, the chanting of Hare Krsna is sufficient to
>|elevate one to the highest spiritual platform.
3254|In Brahma-samhita a nice description of the flute of Krsna
>|is given: "When Krsna began to play on His flute, the sound
>|vibration entered into the ear of Brahma as the Vedic
>|mantra om" This om is composed of three letters-A, U, and M-
>|and it describes our relationship with the Supreme Lord,
>|our activities by which we can achieve the highest
>|perfection of love and the actual position of love on the
>|spiritual platform. When the sound vibration of Krsna's
>|flute is expressed through the mouth of Brahma, it becomes
>|gayatri. Thus by being influenced by the sound vibration of
>|Krsna's flute, Brahma, the supreme creature and first
>|living entity of this material world, was initiated as a
>|brahmana. That Brahma was initiated as a brahmana by the
>|flute of Krsna is confirmed by Srila Jiva Gosvami. When
>|Brahma was enlightened by the gayatri mantra through Krsna'
>|s flute, he attained all Vedic knowledge. Acknowledging the
>|benediction offered to him by Krsna, he became the original
>|spiritual master of all living entities.
3255|The word klim added to the gayatri mantra is explained in
>|Brahma-samhita as the transcendental seed of love of
>|Godhead, or the seed of the kama-gayatri. The object is
>|Krsna, who is the ever green Cupid, and by utterance of
>|klim mantra Krsna is worshiped. It is also stated in the
>|Gopala-tapani Upanisad that when Krsna is spoken of as
>|Cupid, one should not think of Him as the Cupid of this
>|material world. As already explained, Vrndavana is the
>|spiritual abode of Krsna, and the word Cupid is also
>|spiritual and transcendental. One should not take the
>|material Cupid and Krsna to be on the same level. The
>|material Cupid represents the attraction of the external
>|flesh and body, but the spiritual Cupid is the attraction
>|by which the Supersoul attracts the individual soul.
>|Actually lust and sex are there in spiritual life, but when
>|the spirit soul is embodied in material elements, that
>|spiritual urge is expressed through the material body and
>|is therefore pervertedly reflected. When one actually
>|becomes conversant in the science of Krsna consciousness,
>|he can understand that his material desire for sex is
>|abominable, whereas spiritual sex is desirable.
3256|Spiritual sex is of two kinds: one in accordance with the
>|constitutional position of the self and the other in
>|accordance with the object. When one understands the truth
>|about this life but is not completely cleansed of material
>|contamination, he is not factually situated in the
>|transcendental abode, Vrndavana, although he may understand
>|spiritual life. When, however, one becomes free from the
>|sex urges of the material body, he can actually attain the
>|supreme abode of Vrndavana. When one is so situated, he can
>|utter the kama-gayatri and kama-bija mantra.
3257|Ramananda Raya then explained that Krsna is attractive both
>|for men and women, for the movable and the immovable-indeed,
>| for all living entities. For this reason He is called the
>|transcendental Cupid. Ramananda Raya then quoted a verse
>|from Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.32.2) stating that when the Lord
>|appeared before the damsels of Vraja smiling and playing on
>|His flute, He appeared just like Cupid.
3258|There are different kinds of devotees who have different
>|aptitudes and relationships with the Supreme Lord. Any one
>|relationship with the Lord is as good as any other because
>|the central point is Krsna. As stated in Bhakti-rasamrta-
>|sindhu: "Krsna is the reservoir of all pleasures, and He is
>|always attracting the gopis by the spiritual luster of His
>|body. He especially attracts Taraka, Pali, Syama, and
>|Lalita. Krsna is very dear to Radharani, the foremost gopi."
>| Like Krsna, the gopis are glorified by Krsna's pastimes.
>|There are different kinds of relationships with Krsna, and
>|anyone who is attracted to Krsna by a particular
>|relationship is glorified.
3259|Krsna is so beautiful, transcendental and attractive that
>|He sometimes attracts even Himself. The following verse
>|appears in Gita-govinda (1.11):
3260|visvesam anuranjanena janayann anandam indivara-
3261|sreni-syamala-komalair upanayann angair anangotsavam
3262|svacchandam vraja-sundaribhir abhitah pratyangam alingitah
3263|srngarah sakhi murtiman iva madhau mugdho harih kridati
3264|"My dear friend, just see how Krsna is enjoying His
>|transcendental pastimes in the spring by expanding the
>|beauty of His personal body. His soft legs and hands, just
>|like the most beautiful moon, are used on the bodies of the
>|gopis. When He embraces different parts of their bodies, He
>|is so beautiful. Krsna is so beautiful that He attracts
>|even Narayana, as well as the goddess of fortune who
>|associates with Narayana."
3265|In Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.89.58) the Bhuma-purusa (Maha-
>|Visnu) told Krsna, "My dear Krsna and Arjuna, I have taken
>|the brahmana's sons just to see You." Arjuna attempted to
>|save some youths who had died untimely at Dvaraka, and when
>|he failed to save them, Krsna took him to the Bhuma-purusa,
>|and when the Bhuma-purusa brought forth those dead bodies
>|as living entities, He said, "Both of you appear to
>|preserve religious principles in the world and to
>|annihilate the demons." In other words, the Bhuma-purusa
>|was also attracted by the beauty of Krsna, and He concocted
>|this pastime just as a pretext to see Krsna. It is recorded
>|in Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.16.36) that after the serpent
>|Kaliya was punished by Krsna, one of Kaliya's wives told
>|Krsna, "Dear Lord, we cannot understand how this fallen
>|serpent got the opportunity of being kicked by Your lotus
>|feet when even the goddess of fortune underwent austerities
>|for several years just to see You."
3266|How Krsna is attracted by His own beauty is described in
>|Lalita-madhava (8.34). Upon seeing His own picture, Krsna
>|lamented, "How glorious this picture is! It is attracting
>|Me just as it attracts Radharani."
3267|After giving a summary of the beauty of Krsna, Ramananda
>|Raya began to speak of the spiritual energy of Krsna, which
>|is headed by Srimati Radharani. Krsna has immense energetic
>|expansions. Three energies are predominant: the internal
>|energy, external energy and marginal energy. This is
>|confirmed in the Sixth Chapter of Visnu Purana where it is
>|said that Visnu has one energy, which is called spiritual
>|energy, and it is manifested in three ways. When spiritual
>|energy is overwhelmed by ignorance, it is called marginal
>|energy. As far as spiritual energy itself is concerned, it
>|is exhibited in three forms because Krsna is a combination
>|of eternity, bliss and knowledge. As far as His bliss is
>|concerned, His spiritual energy is manifested as the
>|pleasure giving potency. His eternity is manifested as
>|energy, and His knowledge is manifested as spiritual
>|perfection. As confirmed in Visnu Purana (1.12.69): "The
>|pleasure potency of Krsna gives Krsna transcendental
>|pleasure and bliss." Thus when Krsna wants to enjoy
>|pleasure, He exhibits His own spiritual potency known as
>|hladini.
3268|In His spiritual form, Krsna enjoys His spiritual energy,
>|and that is the sum and substance of the Radha-Krsna
>|pastimes. These pastimes can only be understood by elevated
>|devotees. One should not try to understand the Radha-Krsna
>|potencies and pastimes from the mundane platform. Generally
>|people misunderstand these as being material.
3269|When the pleasure potency is further condensed, it is
>|called mahabhava. Srimati Radharani, the eternal consort of
>|Krsna, is the personification of that mahabhava. In this
>|regard, in Ujjvala-nilamani (4.3) Rupa Gosvami states that
>|there are two competitors in love with Krsna, Radharani and
>|Candravali. When they are compared, it appears that
>|Radharani is superior, for She possesses mahabhava-svarupa.
>|Mahabhava-svarupa, the personification of mahabhava, is
>|applicable to Radharani only. Mahabhava is full of the
>|pleasure potency, and it is an exhibition of the highest
>|love for Krsna. Radharani is therefore known throughout the
>|world as the most beloved of Krsna, and Her name is always
>|associated with Krsna as Radha-Krsna.
3270|Brahma-samhita (5.37) also confirms that Krsna expands
>|Himself by His pleasure potency in the spiritual world and
>|that these potencies are all nondifferent from Krsna.
>|Although Krsna is always enjoying the company of His
>|pleasure potency expansions, He is all-pervading. Thus
>|Brahma offers his respectful obeisances to Govinda, the
>|cause of all causes.
3271|As Krsna is the highest emblem of spiritual perfection, so
>|Radharani is the highest emblem of that spiritual pleasure
>|potency by which Krsna is satisfied. Since Krsna is
>|unlimited, in order to satisfy Him Radharani is also
>|unlimited. Krsna is satisfied just by seeing Radharani, but
>|Radharani expands Herself in such a way that Krsna desires
>|to enjoy Her more. Because Krsna was unable to estimate the
>|pleasure potency of Radharani, He decided to accept the
>|role of Radharani, and that combination is Sri Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu.
3272|Ramananda Raya then began to explain Radharani as the
>|supreme emblem of Krsna's pleasure potency. Radharani
>|expands Herself in different forms, known as Lalita,
>|Visakha and Her other confidential associates. In his book
>|Ujjvala-nilamani, Rupa Gosvami explains the characteristics
>|of Srimati Radharani. He points out that the body of
>|Radharani is in itself an actual evolution of
>|transcendental pleasure. That body is decorated with
>|flowers and fragrant aromas and is complete with
>|transcendental love for Krsna. That is the personification
>|of His pleasure potency. That transcendental body takes
>|bath three times: first in the water of mercy, second in
>|the water of youthful beauty, and third in the water of
>|youthful luster. After taking bath three times in that way,
>|Her body is covered with shining garments and decorated
>|with Krsna's personal beauty, which is compared to
>|cosmetics. Thus Her beauty constitutes the highest artistry.
>| Her body is also decorated with the ornaments of spiritual
>|ecstasy-trembling tears, petrification, perspiration,
>|choking, cessation of all bodily functions due to
>|transcendental pleasure, stumbling, high blood pressure and
>|madness.
3273|The decorative transcendental pleasure potency manifests
>|nine symptoms. Five of these are manifested by the
>|expansion of Her personal beauty, which is adorned with
>|garlands of flowers. Her patient calmness is compared with
>|a covering of cloths which have been cleansed by camphor.
>|Her confidential agony for Krsna is the knot in Her hair,
>|and the mark of tilaka on Her forehead is Her fortune.
>|Radharani's sense of hearing is eternally fixed on Krsna's
>|name and fame. One's lips become red from chewing betel
>|nuts. Similarly, the borders of Radharani's eyes are
>|blackened due to Her complete attachment to Krsna. This
>|darkness might be compared to ointment used by nature when
>|nature jokes with Radha and Krsna. Radharani's smile is
>|just like the taste of camphor. The garland of separation
>|moves on Her body when She lies down on the bed of pride
>|within the room of aroma. Out of ecstatic affection for
>|Krsna, Her breast is covered by the blouse of anger.
>|Reputed as the best of all Krsna's girl friends, She plays
>|a stringed instrument. When Krsna stands in His youthful
>|posture, She puts Her hand on His shoulder. Although She
>|possesses so many transcendental qualities, She is always
>|engaged in the service of Krsna.
3274|Srimati Radharani is decorated with suddipta-sattvika
>|emotions, which sometimes include tribulation and sometimes
>|pacification. All the transcendental ecstasies are
>|manifested in the body of Srimati Radharani. Suddipta-
>|sattvika emotions are manifest when a lover is overwhelmed
>|with certain feelings which he or she cannot check.
>|Radharani has another emotion called kilakincita, which is
>|manifest in twenty different ways. These emotions are
>|manifested partly due to body, mind and habit. As far as
>|the bodily emotions are concerned, they are manifested in
>|posture and movement. As far as the emotions of the mind
>|are concerned, they are manifested as beauty, luster,
>|complexion, flavor, talking, magnanimity and patience. As
>|far as habitual emotions are concerned, they are manifested
>|as pastimes, enjoyment, preparation and forgetfulness.
3275|The tilaka of fortune is on the forehead of Srimati
>|Radharani, and She also has a locket of prema-vaicittya.
>|Prema-vaicittya is manifest when a lover and beloved meet
>|and fear separation.
3276|Srimati Radharani is fifteen days younger than Krsna. She
>|always keeps Her hand on the shoulders of Her friends, and
>|She always talks and thinks of pastimes with Krsna. She
>|always offers Krsna a kind of intoxication by Her sweet
>|talks, and She is always prepared to fulfill His desires.
>|In other words, She supplies all the demands of Sri Krsna,
>|and She possesses unique and uncommon qualities for Krsna's
>|satisfaction.
3277|In Govinda-lilamrta there is a verse which states: "Who is
>|the breeding ground for Krsna's affection? The answer is
>|that it is only Srimati Radhika. Who is Krsna's most
>|lovable object? The answer is that it is only Srimati
>|Radhika and no one else." Sheen in the hair, moisture in
>|the eyes and firmness in the breasts are all qualities
>|present in Srimati Radhika. Only Srimati Radhika is able to
>|fulfill all the desires of Krsna. No one else can do so.
3278|Satyabhama is another competitor of Srimati Radharani, but
>|she always desires to come to the standard of Srimati
>|Radharani. Radharani is so expert in all affairs that all
>|the damsels of Vraja come to learn arts from Her. She is so
>|extraordinarily beautiful that even the goddess of fortune
>|and Parvati, the wife of Lord Siva, desire elevation to Her
>|standard of beauty. Arundhati, who is known as the most
>|chaste lady in the universe, desires to learn the standard
>|of chastity from Srimati Radharani. Since even Lord Krsna
>|cannot estimate Radharani's highly transcendental qualities,
>| it is not possible for an ordinary man to estimate them.
3279|After hearing Ramananda Raya speak of the qualities of
>|Radha Krsna, Lord Caitanya desired to hear from him about
>|the reciprocation of love between Them. Ramananda Raya
>|described Krsna as dhira-lalita, a word which describes a
>|person who is very cunning and youthful, who is always
>|expert in joking, who is without anxiety and who is always
>|subservient to his girl friend. Krsna is always engaged in
>|love affairs with Radharani, and He takes to the bushes of
>|Vrndavana to enjoy His lusty activities with Her. Thus He
>|successfully carries out His lusty instincts. In Bhakti-
>|rasamrta-sindhu it is stated:. "By His impudent and daring
>|talks about sex indulgence, Krsna obliged Srimati Radharani
>|to close Her eyes, and taking advantage of this, Krsna
>|painted many pictures on Her breasts. These pictures served
>|as subject matter for Radharani's friends to joke about.
>|Thus Krsna was always engaged in lusty activities, and thus
>|He made His youthful life successful."
3280|Upon hearing of these transcendental activities, Lord
>|Caitanya said, "My dear Ramananda, what you have explained
>|regarding the transcendental pastimes of Sri Radha and
>|Krsna is perfectly correct, yet there is something more I
>|would like to hear from you."
3281|"It is very difficult for me to express anything beyond
>|this," Ramananda Raya replied. "I can only say that there
>|is an emotional activity called prema-vilasa-vivarta, which
>|I may try to explain but I do not know whether You will be
>|happy to hear it." In prema-vilasa there are two kinds of
>|emotional activities-separation and meeting. That
>|transcendental separation is so acute that it is actually
>|more ecstatic than meeting. Ramananda Raya was expert in
>|understanding these highly elevated dealings between Radha
>|and Krsna, and he composed a nice song which he narrated to
>|the Lord. The purport of the song is that the lover and the
>|beloved, before meeting, generate a kind of emotion by the
>|exchange of their transcendental activities. That emotion
>|is called raga, or attraction. Srimati Radharani expressed
>|Her willingness that "this attraction and affection between
>|Us rise to the highest extent," but the cause of this
>|attraction is Radharani Herself. "Whatever the cause may be,
>|" Radharani said, "that affection between You and Me has
>|mixed Us in oneness. Now that it is the time of separation,
>|I cannot see the history of the evolution of this love.
>|There was no cause or mediator in Our love save Our meeting
>|itself and the visionary exchange of feelings."
3282|This exchange of feelings between Krsna and Radharani is
>|very difficult to understand unless one is elevated to the
>|platform of pure goodness. Such transcendental
>|reciprocation is not even possible to understand from the
>|platform of material goodness. One has to actually
>|transcend material goodness in order to understand. This is
>|because the exchange of feelings between Radha and Krsna is
>|not a subject matter of this material world. Even the
>|greatest mental speculator cannot understand this, directly
>|or indirectly. Material activities are manifested either
>|for the gross body or the subtle mind, but this exchange of
>|feelings between Radha and Krsna is beyond such
>|manifestations and beyond intellectual mental speculation.
>|It can only be understood by purified senses freed from all
>|the designations of the material world. Those who have
>|purified senses can understand these transcendental
>|features and exchanges, but those who are impersonalists
>|and who have no knowledge of spiritual senses can only
>|discriminate within the scope of the material senses and
>|thus cannot understand spiritual exchanges or spiritual-
>|sensual activities. Those who are elevated by virtue of
>|experimental knowledge can only satisfy their blunt
>|material senses either by gross bodily activities or by
>|mental speculation. Everything generated from the body or
>|the mind is always imperfect and perishable, but
>|transcendental spiritual activities are always bright and
>|wonderful. Pure love on the transcendental platform is the
>|paragon of purity devoid of material affection and
>|completely spiritual. Affection for matter is perishable,
>|as indicated by the inebriety of sex in the material world,
>|but there is no such inebriety in the spiritual world.
>|Hindrances on the path of sense satisfaction cause material
>|distress, but one cannot compare that with spiritual
>|separation. In spiritual separation there is neither
>|inebriety nor ineffectiveness, as one finds with material
>|separation.
3283|Lord Caitanya admitted that this is the highest position of
>|transcendental loving reciprocation, and He told Ramananda
>|Raya, "By your grace only have I been able to understand
>|such a high transcendental position. Such a position cannot
>|be attained without the performance of transcendental
>|activities. So will you kindly explain to Me how I can
>|raise Myself to this platform?"
3284|"It is similarly difficult for me to make You understand,"
>|Ramananda replied. "As far as I am concerned, I can only
>|speak what You wish me to. No one can escape Your supreme
>|will. Indeed, there is no one in the world who can surpass
>|Your supreme will, and although I appear to be speaking, I
>|am actually not the speaker. You are speaking. Therefore
>|You are both the speaker and the audience. Thus let me
>|speak only as You will me to speak about the performance
>|required to attain this highest transcendental position."
3285|Ramananda Raya then began to relate the confidential and
>|transcendental activities of Radha and Krsna. These
>|activities cannot be understood in the emotional
>|relationship with the Supreme Lord as master and servant,
>|friend and friend or parent and son. This confidential
>|subject matter can be understood only in the association of
>|the damsels of Vraja, for the confidential activities have
>|arisen from the feelings and emotions of those damsels.
>|Without the association of the damsels of Vraja, one cannot
>|nourish or cherish such transcendental understanding. In
>|other words, these confidential pastimes of Radha and Krsna
>|have expanded through the mercy of the damsels. Without
>|their mercy, they cannot be understood. One has to follow
>|in the footsteps of the damsels of Vraja in order to
>|understand.
3286|When one is actually situated in that understanding, he
>|becomes eligible to enter into the confidential pastimes of
>|Radha and Krsna. There is no alternative to understand
>|Their confidential pastimes. This is confirmed in Govinda-
>|lilamrta (10.17): "Although manifest, happy, expanded and
>|unlimited, the emotional exchanges between Radha and Krsna
>|can only be understood by the damsels of Vraja or by their
>|followers." Just as no one can understand the expansion of
>|the spiritual energy of the Supreme Lord without His
>|causeless mercy, no one can understand the transcendental
>|sex life between Radha and Krsna without following in the
>|footsteps of the damsels of Vraja. The personal associates
>|of Radharani are called sakhis, and Her near assistants are
>|called manjaris. It is very difficult to express their
>|dealings with Krsna because they have no desire to mix with
>|Krsna or to enjoy Him personally. Rather, they are always
>|ready to help Radharani associate with Krsna. Their
>|affection for Krsna and Radharani is so pure that they are
>|simply satisfied when Radha and Krsna are together. Indeed,
>|their transcendental pleasure is in seeing Radha and Krsna
>|united. The actual form of Radharani is just like a creeper
>|embracing the tree of Krsna, and the damsels of Vraja, the
>|associates of Radharani, are just like the leaves and
>|flowers of that creeper. When a creeper embraces a tree,
>|the leaves and flowers as well as the creeper automatically
>|embrace it. Govinda-lilamrta (10.16) confirms that
>|Radharani is the expansion of the pleasure potency of Krsna
>|and is compared with a creeper, and Her associates, the
>|damsels of Vraja, are compared to the flowers and leaves of
>|that creeper. When Radharani and Krsna enjoy Themselves,
>|the damsels of Vraja relish the pleasure more than
>|Radharani Herself.
3287|Although the associates of Radharani do not expect any
>|personal attention from Krsna, Radharani is so pleased with
>|them that She arranges individual meetings between Krsna
>|and the damsels of Vraja. Indeed, Radharani tries to
>|combine or unite Her associates with Krsna by many
>|transcendental maneuvers, and She takes more pleasure in
>|these meetings than in Her own meetings with Him. When
>|Krsna sees that both Radharani and Her associates are
>|pleased by His association, He becomes more satisfied. Such
>|association and loving reciprocation have nothing to do
>|with material lust, although it resembles the material
>|union between man and woman. It is only because that
>|similarity is there that such reciprocation is sometimes
>|called, in transcendental language, transcendental lust. As
>|explained in Gautamiya-tantra (Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu 1.2.
>|285): "Lust means attachment to one's personal sense
>|gratification. But as far as Radharani and Her associates
>|are concerned, they did not desire personal sense
>|gratification. They only wanted to satisfy Krsna." This is
>|further confirmed in the Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.31.19) in
>|one of the speeches of the gopis:
3288|yat te sujata-caranamburuham stanesu
3289|bhitah sanaih priya dadhimahi karkasesu
3290|tenatavim atasi tad vyathate na kim svit
3291|kurpadibhir bhramati dhir bhavad-ayusam nah
3292|"My dear friend Krsna, You are now roaming in the forest
>|with Your bare feet, which You sometimes keep on our
>|breasts. When Your feet are on our breasts, we think that
>|our breasts are too hard for Your soft feet. Now You are
>|wandering in the forest and walking over stones, and we do
>|not know how You are feeling. Since You are our life and
>|soul, the displeasure You undergo in traveling over rough
>|stones is giving us great distress." Such feelings
>|expressed by the damsels of Vraja constitute the highest
>|Krsna conscious emotions. Anyone who actually becomes
>|captivated by Krsna consciousness approaches this level of
>|the gopis. There are sixty-four categories of devotional
>|service by performance of which one can rise to the gopis'
>|stage of unconditional devotion. Affection for Krsna on the
>|level of the gopis is called raganuga, spontaneous love.
>|When one enters into a spontaneous loving affair with Krsna,
>| there is no need to follow the Vedic rules and regulations.
3293|There are various kinds of personal devotees of Lord Krsna
>|in the transcendental abode. For example, there are
>|servants of Krsna like Raktaka and Patraka and friends of
>|Krsna just like Sridama and Sudama. There are also parents
>|of Krsna, just like Nanda and Yasoda, who are also engaged
>|in the service of Krsna according to their respective
>|transcendental emotions. One who desires to enter into the
>|supreme abode of Krsna can take shelter of one of such
>|transcendental servitors. Then, through the execution of
>|loving service, one can attain transcendental affection for
>|Krsna. In other words, the devotee in this material world
>|who executes loving service in pursuance of the activities
>|of those eternal associates with Krsna also attains the
>|same post when he is perfected.
3294|The sages mentioned in the Upanisads and in sruti also
>|desire the post of the gopis, and they also follow in the
>|footsteps of the gopis in order to attain that highest goal
>|of life. This is confirmed in Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.87.23)
>|when it is said that the sages practice pranayama (trance)
>|by controlling the breathing process, mind and senses
>|through the mystic yoga practice. Thus they try to merge
>|into the Supreme Brahman. This same goal is attained by
>|atheists who deny the existence of God. If such atheists
>|are killed by an incarnation of the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead, they also merge into the Brahman existence of the
>|Supreme Lord. However, when the damsels of Vrndavana
>|worship Sri Krsna, it is as though they have been bitten by
>|a snake, for Krsna's body is compared with the body of a
>|snake. A snake's body is never straight; it is always
>|curling. Similarly, Krsna often stands in a three curved
>|posture, and He has bitten the gopis with transcendental
>|love. The gopis are certainly better situated than all
>|mystic yogis and others who desire to merge into the
>|Supreme Brahman. The sages of Dandakaranya also follow in
>|the footsteps of the damsels of Vraja in order to attain a
>|similar position. One cannot attain that position simply by
>|following the regulative principles. Rather, one must
>|seriously follow the principles of the gopis. This is
>|confirmed in Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.9.21) wherein it is
>|stated that Lord Sri Krsna, the son of Srimati Yasoda, is
>|not easily available to those following the principles of
>|mental speculation but is easily available to all kinds of
>|living beings who follow the path of devotional service.
3295|There are many pseudo-devotees, claiming to belong to Lord
>|Caitanya Mahaprabhu's sect, who artificially dress
>|themselves as the damsels of Vraja, and this is not
>|approved by advanced spiritualists or advanced students of
>|devotional service. Such people dress the outward material
>|body because they foolishly confuse the body with the soul.
>|They are mistaken when they think that the spiritual bodies
>|of Krsna, Radharani and Their associates, the damsels of
>|Vraja, are composed of material nature. One should know
>|perfectly well that all such manifestations are expansions
>|of eternal bliss and knowledge in the transcendental world.
>|They have nothing to do with these material bodies; thus
>|the bodies, dresses, decorations and activities of the
>|damsels of Vrndavana are not of this material cosmic
>|manifestation. The damsels of Vrndavana are not a subject
>|for the attraction of those in the material world; they are
>|transcendental attractions for the all-attractive Krsna.
>|Because the Lord is all-attractive, He is called Krsna, but
>|the damsels of Vrndavana are attractive even to Krsna.
>|Therefore they are not of this material world.
3296|If one wrongly thinks that the material body is as perfect
>|as the spiritual body and begins to imitate the damsels of
>|Vrndavana, he becomes infested with the Mayavadi impersonal
>|philosophy. The impersonalists recommend a process of aham
>|grahopasana by which one worships his own body as the
>|Supreme. Thinking in this way, such pseudo-
>|transcendentalists dress themselves as the damsels of Vraja.
>| Such activities are not acceptable in devotional service.
>|Even Srila Jiva Gosvami, the most authoritative acarya in
>|the Gaudiya sampradaya, has condemned these imitators. The
>|process of transcendental realization is to follow in the
>|footsteps of the associates of the Supreme Lord; therefore
>|if one thinks himself to be a direct associate of the
>|Supreme Lord, he is condemned. According to authorized
>|Vaisnava principles, one should follow a particular devotee,
>| and not think of himself as Krsna's associate.
3297|In this way Ramananda Raya explained that one should accept
>|the mood of the damsels of Vraja. In Caitanya-caritamrta it
>|is clearly said that one should accept the emotional
>|activities and not imitate the dress of the associates of
>|Krsna. One should also always meditate upon the affairs
>|between Radha and Krsna in the transcendental world. One
>|should think of Radha and Krsna twenty-four hours a day and
>|eternally engage in Their service. One need not externally
>|change his dress. By following the mood of the associates
>|and friends of Radharani, one can ultimately achieve the
>|perfectional stage and be transferred to Goloka Vrndavana,
>|the transcendental abode of Krsna.
3298|The mood of the gopis' emotional pursuit is called siddha-
>|deha. This word indicates the pure spiritual body which is
>|beyond the senses, mind and intelligence. Siddha-deha is
>|the purified soul who is just suitable to serve the Supreme
>|Lord. No one can serve the Supreme Lord as His associate
>|without being situated in his pure spiritual identity. That
>|identity is completely free from all material contamination.
>| As stated in Bhagavad-gita, a materially contaminated
>|person transmigrates to another material body by material
>|consciousness. At the time of death he thinks materially
>|and is therefore transferred into another material body.
>|Similarly, when one is situated in his pure spiritual
>|identity and thinks of the spiritual loving service
>|rendered to the Supreme Lord, he is transferred to the
>|spiritual kingdom to enter into the association of Krsna.
>|In other words, by attaining one's spiritual identity and
>|thinking of Krsna's associates, one can become qualified to
>|transfer to the spiritual kingdom. No one can contemplate
>|or think of the activities of the spiritual kingdom without
>|being situated in his pure, spiritual identity (siddha).
>|Thus Ramananda Raya said that without attaining siddha-deha,
>| one can neither become an associate of the damsels nor
>|render service directly to the Personality of Godhead,
>|Krsna, and His eternal consort Radharani. In this regard,
>|Ramananda quoted Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.47.60):
3299|nayam sriyo 'nga u nitantarateh prasadah
3300|svar-yositam nalina-gandha-rucam kuto 'nyah
3301|rasotsave 'sya bhujadanda-grhita-kantha-
3302|labdhasisam ya udagad vraja-vallavinam
3303|"Neither the goddess of fortune, Laksmi, nor even the
>|damsels of the heavenly kingdom can attain the facilities
>|of the damsels of Vrajabhumi-and what to speak of others."
3304|Lord Caitanya was very satisfied to hear these statements
>|from Ramananda Raya, and He embraced him. Then both of them
>|began to cry in the ecstasy of transcendental realization.
>|Thus the Lord and Ramananda Raya discussed the
>|transcendental pastimes of Radha and Krsna throughout the
>|night, and in the morning they separated. Ramananda left to
>|go to his place, and the Lord went to take His bath.
3305|At the time of separation, Ramananda fell at the feet of
>|Lord Caitanya and prayed: "My dear Lord, You have come just
>|to deliver me from this mire of nescience. Therefore I
>|request that You remain here for at least ten days to
>|purify my mind of this material contamination. There is no
>|one else who can deliver such transcendental love of God."
3306|"I have come to you to purify Myself by hearing from you
>|the transcendental pastimes of Radha and Krsna," the Lord
>|replied. "I am so fortunate, for you are the only teacher
>|of such transcendental pastimes. I can find no one else in
>|the world who can realize the transcendental loving
>|reciprocation between Radha and Krsna. You are asking Me to
>|stay here for ten days, but I feel like remaining with you
>|for the rest of My life. Please come to Jagannatha Puri, My
>|headquarters, and we will remain together for the rest of
>|our lives. Thus I can pass My remaining days in
>|understanding Krsna and Radha by your association."
3307|Sriman Ramananda Raya came again to see the Lord the next
>|evening, and there were further discourses on this
>|transcendental subject matter.
3308|"What is the highest standard of education?" Lord Caitanya
>|began His inquiry, and Ramananda Raya immediately replied
>|that the highest standard of education is knowledge of the
>|science of Krsna. The standard of material education is
>|sense gratification, but the highest standard of spiritual
>|education is knowledge of the science of Krsna. In Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam (4.29.50) it is stated that that work which
>|pleases the Supreme Personality of Godhead is the highest
>|work, and that science or knowledge which places one in
>|full Krsna consciousness is the highest knowledge.
>|Similarly, Prahlada Maharaja, while instructing his
>|childhood friends at school, also stated that hearing of
>|the Lord, chanting, remembering, worshiping, praying,
>|serving, making friends with Krsna, and offering everything
>|to Him constituted the highest spiritual knowledge.
3309|"And what is the greatest reputation one can have?" Lord
>|Caitanya asked Ramananda Raya, and Ramananda immediately
>|replied that a person reputed to be Krsna conscious should
>|be considered the most famous man in the world.
3310|TLC 32: Conclusion
3311|Chapter Thirty-two:
3312|Conclusion
3313|One who is famous as a Krsna conscious man enjoys eternal
>|fame. In the material world, everyone is striving for three
>|things: he wants his name to be perpetuated, he wants his
>|fame to be broadcast all over the world, and he wants some
>|profit from his material activities. But no one knows that
>|all this material name, fame and profit belong to the
>|temporary material body and that as soon as the body is
>|finished, all name, fame and profit are finished also. It
>|is only due to ignorance that everyone is striving after
>|the name, fame and profit that are connected with the body.
>|It is deplorable to become famous on the basis of the body
>|or to become known as a man of spiritually developed
>|consciousness without knowing the supreme spirit, Visnu.
>|Real fame can only be had if one attains Krsna
>|consciousness.
3314|According to Srimad-Bhagavatam, there are twelve
>|authorities, and they are all famous because they were all
>|great devotees of the Lord. These authorities are Brahma,
>|Narada, Lord Siva, Manu, Kapila, Prahlada, Janaka, Bhisma,
>|Sukadeva Gosvami, Bali, Yamaraja and the Kumaras. These
>|personalities are still remembered because they were all
>|great stalwart devotees of the Lord. In the Garuda Purana
>|it is said to be more rare to be a famous devotee of the
>|Supreme Lord in the age of Kali than to be a demigod such
>|as Brahma or Lord Siva. Concerning talks between Narada and
>|Pundarika, Yudhisthira said, "He is most famous and can
>|deliver all others who, after many, many births, comes to
>|understand that he is the servant of Vasudeva." Similarly,
>|in Bhagavad-gita (7.19) Krsna tells Arjuna:
3315|bahunam janmanam ante
3316|jnanavan mam prapadyate
3317|vasudevah sarvam iti
3318|sa mahatma sudurlabhah
3319|"After many births and deaths, he who is actually in
>|knowledge surrenders unto Me, knowing Me to be the cause of
>|all causes and all that is. Such a great soul is very rare."
>| In the Adi Purana it is said that liberation and
>|transcendental life follow all the devotees of God. In the
>|Brhan-naradiya Purana it is stated that even personalities
>|like Brahma and other demigods do not know the value of a
>|devotee of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. The Garuda
>|Purana points out that out of many thousands of brahmanas,
>|one may be expert in performing sacrifices, and out of
>|thousands of such expert brahmanas, one brahmana may be
>|expert in the knowledge of the Vedanta-sutra, and out of
>|many, many thousands of such Vedantists, there may be one
>|person who is famous as a devotee of Lord Visnu. There are
>|many devotees of Visnu, and out of them, he who is
>|unfiinching in his devotion is eligible to enter into the
>|kingdom of God. In Srimad-Bhagavatam (3.13.4) it is also
>|stated that there are many students of the Vedas, but one
>|who is always thinking of the Supreme Personality of
>|Godhead within his heart is the best student of all. In the
>|Narayana-vyuha-stava prayers it is said that if even the
>|great Brahma is not a devotee of the Lord, he is most
>|insignificant, whereas if a microbe is a devotee of the
>|Lord, he is most famous.
3320|Lord Caitanya next asked Ramananda Raya, "What is the most
>|valuable thing in the world?" Ramananda Raya replied that
>|he who has love for Radha-Krsna possesses the most valuable
>|jewel and the greatest riches. One who is addicted to
>|material sense gratification or material wealth is not
>|really considered to be wealthy. When one comes to the
>|spiritual platform of Krsna consciousness, he can
>|understand that there are no riches more valuable than love
>|of Radha-Krsna. It is recorded in Srimad-Bhagavatam that
>|Maharaja Dhruva sought out the Supreme Lord because he
>|wanted to get some land, but when he finally saw Krsna, he
>|said, "I am so pleased, I don't want anything." In Bhagavad-
>|gita it is also stated that if one takes shelter of the
>|Supreme Personality of Godhead or is elevated to the
>|supreme state of love of Godhead, he has nothing more to
>|aspire to. Although such devotees can attain whatever they
>|desire from the Lord, they do not ask anything from Him.
3321|When Lord Caitanya asked Ramananda Raya what is considered
>|to be the most painful existence, Ramananda Raya replied
>|that separation from a pure devotee constitutes the most
>|painful existence. In other words, when there is no devotee
>|of the Lord present, there is great suffering in society,
>|and association with other people becomes painful. In
>|Srimad-Bhagavatam (3.30.7) it is stated that if one who is
>|bereft of the association of a pure devotee tries to become
>|happy through society, friendship and love devoid of Krsna
>|consciousness, he is to be considered in the most
>|distressed condition. In the Fifth Canto of Brhad-
>|bhagavatamrta (5.44) it is stated that the association of a
>|pure devotee is more desirable than life itself and that in
>|separation from him one cannot even pass a second happily.
3322|Lord Caitanya then asked Ramananda Raya, "Out of many so-
>|called liberated souls, who is actually liberated?"
>|Ramananda replied that he who is actually completely
>|saturated with the devotional love for Radha and Krsna is
>|to be considered to be the best of all liberated persons.
>|It is stated in Srimad-Bhagavatam (6.14.4) that a devotee
>|of Narayana is so rare that one can only find him out of
>|millions and millions of people.
3323|"And out of all songs, what song do you think is the best
>|of all?" Caitanya Mahaprabhu asked. And Ramananda replied
>|that any song which describes the pastimes of Radha and
>|Krsna is the best song. In conditional life, the soul is
>|captivated by sex. All fictions-dramas and novels-and
>|material songs describe love between men and women. Since
>|people are so attracted to this kind of literature, Krsna
>|appeared in this material world and displayed His
>|transcendental loving affairs with the gopis. There is an
>|immense literature dealing with the transactions between
>|the gopis and Krsna, and anyone who takes shelter of this
>|literature or of the stories about Radha and Krsna can
>|enjoy actual happiness. In Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.33.36) it
>|is said that the Lord displayed His pastimes in Vrndavana
>|in order to reveal His actual life. Any intelligent person
>|who tries to understand the pastimes of Radha and Krsna is
>|most fortunate. The songs that tell of those pastimes are
>|the greatest songs in the world.
3324|Lord Caitanya then inquired: "What is the most profitable
>|thing in the world, the essence of all auspicious events?"
>|Ramananda Raya replied that there is nothing as profitable
>|as the association of pure devotees.
3325|"And what do you recommend a person to think of?" Lord
>|Caitanya asked. Ramananda replied that one should always
>|think of the pastimes of Krsna. This is Krsna consciousness.
>| Krsna has multiple activities, and they are described in
>|many Vedic scriptures. One should always think of those
>|pastimes; that is the best meditation and the highest
>|ecstasy. In Srimad-Bhagavatam (2.2.36) Sukadeva Gosvami
>|confirms that one should always think of the Supreme
>|Personality of Godhead-not only think of Him, but one
>|should also hear and chant His name, fame and glories.
3326|"And what is the best type of meditation?" Lord Caitanya
>|inquired.
3327|"He who always meditates on the lotus feet of Radha and
>|Krsna is the best meditator," Ramananda Raya answered. This
>|is also confirmed in Srimad-Bhagavatam (1.2.14): "It is the
>|Supreme Personality of Godhead alone who is the master of
>|all devotees, whose name one should always chant and who
>|should always be meditated upon and worshiped regularly."
3328|"Where should a person live, giving up all other pleasures?"
>| Lord Caitanya next inquired. Ramananda replied that one
>|should give up all other pleasures and should live in
>|Vrndavana where Lord Krsna had so many pastimes. In Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam (10.47.61) Uddhava says that it is best to live
>|in Vrndavana even if one has to live as a plant or creeper.
>|It was in Vrndavana that the Supreme Lord lived and it was
>|there that the gopis worshiped the Supreme Lord, the
>|ultimate goal of all Vedic knowledge.
3329|"And what is the best subject to hear of?" Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu next asked.
3330|"The pastimes of Radha and Krsna," Ramananda replied.
>|Actually when the pastimes of Radha and Krsna are heard
>|from the right source, one at once attains liberation.
>|Unfortunately it sometimes happens that people do not hear
>|of these pastimes from a person who is a realized soul.
>|Thus people are sometimes misguided. It is stated in Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam (10.33.39) that one who hears of the pastimes of
>|Krsna with the gopis will attain the highest platform of
>|devotional service and will be freed from the material lust
>|which overwhelms everyone's heart in the material world. In
>|other words, by hearing the pastimes of Radha and Krsna,
>|one can get rid of all material lust. If one does not
>|become freed from material lust in this way, then he should
>|not indulge in hearing of the pastimes of Radha and Krsna.
>|Unless one hears from the right source, he will
>|misinterpret the pastimes of Radha and Krsna, considering
>|them to be ordinary affairs between a man and woman. In
>|this way one may be misguided.
3331|"And who is the most worshipable Deity?" Caitanya
>|Mahaprabhu next inquired. Ramananda Raya immediately
>|replied that the transcendental couple, Sri Radha and Krsna,
>| is the ultimate object of worship. There are many
>|worshipable objects-the impersonalists worship the
>|brahmajyoti, for instance-but by worshiping objects other
>|than Radha and Krsna, one becomes bereft of life's symptoms
>|and becomes just like a tree or other nonmoving entity.
>|Those who worship the so-called void also attain such
>|results. Those who are after material enjoyment (bhukti)
>|worship the demigods and achieve their planets and thus
>|enjoy material happiness. Lord Caitanya next inquired about
>|those who are after material happiness and liberation from
>|material bondage. "Where do they ultimately go?" He asked.
>|Ramananda Raya replied that ultimately some turn into trees
>|and others attain the heavenly planets where they enjoy
>|material happiness.
3332|Ramananda Raya went on to say that those who have no taste
>|for Krsna consciousness or spiritual life are just like
>|crows who take pleasure in eating the bitter nimba fruit.
>|It is the poetic cuckoo that eats the seeds of the mango.
>|The unfortunate transcendentalists simply speculate on dry
>|philosophy, whereas the transcendentalists who are in love
>|with Radha and Krsna enjoy fruit just like the cuckoo. Thus
>|those who are devotees of Radha and Krsna are most
>|fortunate. The bitter nimba fruit is not at all eatable; it
>|is simply full of dry speculation and is only fit for
>|crowlike philosophers. Mango seeds, however, are very
>|relishable, and those in the devotional service of Radha
>|and Krsna enjoy them.
3333|Thus Ramananda Raya and Caitanya Mahaprabhu talked for the
>|entire night. Sometimes they danced, sometimes sang and
>|sometimes cried. After passing the night in this way, at
>|dawn Ramananda Raya returned to his place. The next evening
>|he returned to see Caitanya Mahaprabhu. After discussing
>|Krsna for some time, Ramananda Raya fell at the feet of the
>|Lord and said, "My dear Lord, You are so kind to me that
>|You have told me about the science of Krsna and Radharani
>|and Their loving affairs, the affairs of the rasa dance and
>|Their pastimes. I never thought that I should be able to
>|speak on this subject matter. You have taught me as You
>|formerly taught the Vedas to Brahma."
3334|This is the system of receiving instructions from the
>|Supersoul. Externally He is not to be seen, but internally
>|He speaks to the devotee. That is confirmed in Bhagavad-
>|gita-the Lord dictates from within one who is sincerely
>|engaged in His service, and the Lord acts in such a way
>|that such a person can ultimately attain the supreme goal
>|of life. When Brahma was born, there was no one to instruct
>|him; therefore the Supreme Lord Himself instructed Brahma
>|in Vedic knowledge through Brahma's heart. In Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam (2.4.22) Sukadeva Gosvami confirms that the
>|gayatri mantra was first imparted within the heart of
>|Brahma by the Supreme. Sukadeva Gosvami prayed to the Lord
>|to help him speak Srimad-Bhagavatam before Maharaja
>|Pariksit.
3335|The first verse of the First Canto of Srimad-Bhagavatam
>|describes the Supreme Absolute Truth as He who instructed
>|Brahma through the heart. Vyasadeva, the author of Srimad-
>|Bhagavatam, states: " Let me offer my respectful obeisances
>|to Sri Krsna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who is
>|the cause of the cosmic manifestation and its maintenance
>|and dissolution as well." If we scrutinizingly try to
>|understand the supreme truth, we can understand that He
>|knows everything directly and indirectly. He is the only
>|Supreme Personality, and it is He only who is fully
>|independent. He alone instructed Brahma as the Supersoul
>|within. Even the greatest scholar becomes bewildered in
>|trying to understand the supreme truth because the entire
>|perceivable cosmic manifestation is situated within Him.
>|Although this material manifestation is a by-product of
>|fire, water, air and earth, it nonetheless appears to be
>|factual. However, it is in Him only that the spiritual and
>|material manifestations as well as the living entities rest.
>| Therefore He is the supreme truth.
3336|Ramananda Raya continued speaking to Lord Caitanya: "First
>|I saw You as a sannyasi, and then I saw You as a cowherd
>|boy. I see before You a golden doll, and due to its
>|presence Your complexion has become golden. Yet I see that
>|Your complexion is dark, like a cowherd boy's. Will You
>|please explain why I am seeing You in this way? Please tell
>|me without reservation."
3337|"It is the nature of highly elevated devotees to see Krsna
>|in everything," Lord Caitanya replied. "Whenever they see
>|anything, they do not see the form of that particular thing.
>| They see Krsna." This is confirmed in Srimad-Bhagavatam (
>|11.2.45):
3338|sarva-bhutesu yah pasyed
3339|bhagavad-bhavam atmanah
3340|bhutani bhagavaty atmany
3341|esa bhagavatottamah
3342|"One who is highly elevated in devotional service sees the
>|Supersoul, Krsna, who is the Soul of all individual souls."
>|A similar passage is found in the Tenth Canto (10.35.9)
>|where it is stated that all creepers, plants and trees,
>|laden with flowers and fruits, were bent in the ecstasy of
>|love for Krsna, for Krsna was the Soul of their soul. After
>|Krsna left them, those trees and plants became thorny.
3343|"You have the highest conception of the pastimes of Radha
>|and Krsna," Lord Caitanya continued. "Therefore you are
>|seeing Radha-Krsna everywhere."
3344|Ramananda Raya replied: "I request that You not try to hide
>|Yourself. I understand that You have accepted the
>|complexion and mode of thinking of Srimati Radharani and
>|that You are trying to understand Yourself from the
>|viewpoint of Radharani. You have actually advented Yourself
>|to take this point of view. Although You incarnate mainly
>|to understand Your own self, You are at the same time
>|distributing love of Krsna to the world. Now You have
>|personally come here to deliver me. Please don't try to
>|deceive me, I beg You. It is not good for You."
3345|Being very satisfied, Lord Caitanya smiled and showed
>|Ramananda His real form as the combination of Sri Radha and
>|Krsna. Thus Lord Caitanya was Sri Krsna Himself with the
>|external features of Srimati Radharani. His transcendental
>|ability to become two and then to become one again was
>|revealed to Ramananda Raya. Those who are fortunate enough
>|to understand Lord Caitanya as well as the Vrndavana
>|pastimes of Radha and Krsna can be able, by the mercy of
>|Sri Rupa Gosvami, to know about the real identity of Sri
>|Krsna Caitanya Mahaprabhu.
3346|Upon seeing this unique feature of Lord Caitanya, Ramananda
>|Raya fainted and fell on the floor. Lord Caitanya then
>|touched him, and he came to his senses. Ramananda Raya was
>|then surprised to see Lord Caitanya again in His mendicant
>|dress. Lord Caitanya embraced and pacified him and informed
>|him that he was the only one to have seen this form. "
>|Because you have understood the purpose of My incarnation,
>|you are privileged to have seen this particular feature of
>|My personality," the Lord said. "My dear Ramananda, I am
>|not a different person with a fair complexion known as
>|Gaurapurusa. I am the selfsame Krsna the son of Maharaja
>|Nanda, and due to contact with the body of Srimati
>|Radharani I have now assumed this form. Srimati Radharani
>|does not touch anyone but Krsna; therefore She has
>|influenced Me with Her complexion, mind and words. In this
>|way I am just trying to understand the transcendental
>|flavor of Her relationship with Krsna."
3347|The fact is that both Krsna and Lord Caitanya are the
>|original Personality of Godhead. No one should try to
>|eliminate Lord Caitanya from Sri Krsna. In His form of Sri
>|Krsna, He is the supreme enjoyer, and in His form of Lord
>|Caitanya, He is the supreme enjoyed. No one can be more
>|superexcellently attractive than Sri Krsna, and but for Sri
>|Krsna, no one can enjoy the supreme form of devotion,
>|Srimati Radharani. But for Sri Krsna, all Visnu forms are
>|lacking this ability. This is explained in the description
>|of Govinda in Caitanya-caritamrta. There it is said that
>|Srimati Radharani is the only personality who can infuse
>|Sri Krsna with transcendental pleasure. Thus Srimati
>|Radharani is the chief damsel of Vraja in love with Govinda,
>| the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Sri Krsna.
3348|"Please rest assured that I have nothing to hide from you,"
>|Lord Caitanya told Ramananda. "Even if I do try to hide
>|from you, you are such an advanced devotee that you can
>|understand all My secrets. I request that you please keep
>|this a secret and do not disclose it to anyone. If it were
>|revealed, everyone would consider Me a madman. The facts
>|which I have disclosed to you cannot be understood by
>|materialistic people. When they hear of this, they will
>|simply laugh at Me. You can understand this yourself and
>|keep it to yourself. From a materialistic point of view, a
>|devotee becomes mad in his ecstasy of love for Krsna. Both
>|you and I are just like madmen. So please don't disclose
>|these facts to ordinary men. If you do, they will surely
>|laugh at Me."
3349|Lord Caitanya then passed ten nights with Ramananda Raya,
>|enjoyed his company and discussed the pastimes of Krsna and
>|Radha. The discussions between them were on the highest
>|level of love for Krsna. Some of these talks are described,
>|but most of them could not be described. In Caitanya-
>|caritamrta this has been compared to metallurgic
>|examination. The metals compared are discussed in the
>|following sequence: first copper, then bronze, then silver,
>|gold and at last touchstone. The preliminary discussions
>|between Lord Caitanya and Ramananda Raya are considered to
>|be like copper, and the higher discussions are considered
>|to be like gold. The fifth dimension of their discussions,
>|however, is considered to be like touchstone. If one is
>|eager to attain the highest understanding, he must begin
>|with an inquiry into the differences between copper and
>|bronze, then silver and gold and so on.
3350|The next day Lord Caitanya asked Ramananda Raya to allow
>|Him to return to Jagannatha Puri. "We can remain together
>|the rest of our lives at Jagannatha Puri and pass our time
>|in discussing Krsna." Lord Caitanya then embraced Ramananda
>|Raya and sent him to his own place. In the morning the Lord
>|started on His journey. He met Ramananda Raya at a temple
>|of Hanuman on the river bank. After visiting the temple of
>|Hanuman, He left. As long as Caitanya Mahaprabhu remained
>|at Karpura, all kinds of people met Him, and by His grace
>|everyone became a devotee of the Supreme Lord.
3351|After Lord Caitanya's departure, Ramananda Raya became
>|overwhelmed due to his separation from the Lord, and he
>|immediately decided to retire from service and meet the
>|Lord again at Jagannatha Puri. The discussions between
>|Ramananda Raya and Lord Caitanya deal with the most
>|concentrated form of devotional service. By hearing these
>|discussions one can understand the pastimes of Sri Radha
>|and Krsna as well as the confidential role played by Lord
>|Caitanya. If one is actually fortunate enough to have faith
>|in these discussions, he can enter into the transcendental
>|association of Radha and Krsna.
3352|